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Acta Tropica Jun 2024The livestock sector of Pakistan is increasing rapidly and it plays important role both for rural community and national economy. It is estimated that almost 8 million...
The livestock sector of Pakistan is increasing rapidly and it plays important role both for rural community and national economy. It is estimated that almost 8 million rural people are involved in livestock rearing and earning about 35-40 % of their income from the livestock sector. Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection causes significant economic losses in dairy animals especially young calf in the form of clinical illnesses such as pneumonia, poly-arthritis, respiratory distress and mortality. M. bovis is hard to diagnose and control because of uneven disease appearance and it is usually noticed in asymptomatic animals. For the identification of M. bovis in sub-clinical and clinical samples, determination of acute phase proteins i.e., haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important tools for the timely diagnosis of disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of disease and hemato-biochemical changes are considered beneficial tools to control the infectious agent to uplift the economy of the dairy farmers. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 200 calves of Bovidae family. Serum was separated from blood samples to determine the concentration of Hp and SAA, while blood samples were processed to determine hematological changes in blood from calves by using hematological analyzer. The blood plasma obtained from the blood samples was processed to measure oxidative stress factors. Lungs tissues from slaughterhouses/ morbid calves were collected to observe histopathological changes. The results of present study indicated that level of SAA and Hp remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in M. bovis infected calves in comparison to healthy calves. The oxidative stress markers indicated that nitric oxide and MDA levels in the infected calves increased significantly (P < 0.05), while infected claves had considerably lower levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. These findings indicate that oxidative stress play role to increase the level of APPs, while monitoring of APPs levels may serve as a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation of naturally infected calves with M. bovis. The hematological parameters were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Altogether, this study suggests that Hp and SAA are proposed as promising biomarkers for detecting naturally occurring M. bovis infection in calves.
Topics: Animals; Haptoglobins; Cattle; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Mycoplasma bovis; Mycoplasma Infections; Cattle Diseases; Biomarkers; Pakistan; Lung; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38604328
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107215 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Jul 2024Mycoplasma genitalium is a major contributor to persistent/recurrent urethritis cases. However, there are limited published studies on recent trends of...
Should We Be Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium on Initial Presentation? Trends in Persistent/Recurrent Urethritis Among Men Presenting for Care in STD Clinics, 2015-2019, STD Surveillance Network.
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma genitalium is a major contributor to persistent/recurrent urethritis cases. However, there are limited published studies on recent trends of persistent/recurrent urethritis.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted of men presenting with symptomatic urethritis in 16 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics from 2015 to 2019. Poisson regression was used to assess trends in the annual proportions of urethritis episodes with follow-up (FU) characterized with persistent/recurrent urethritis symptoms. Results were also stratified by results of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (NG) testing and treatment prescribed.
RESULTS
There were 99,897 urethritis episodes, from 67,546 unique men. The proportion of episodes with persistent/recurrent symptomatic FU visits increased 50.8% over a 4-year period (annual percentage change [APC], 11.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5-16.3). Similar trends were observed in nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis episodes (APC, 12.7%; 95% CI, 6.8-18.9) but increases among those positive for NG (APC, 12.1%; 95% CI, -2.3 to -28.5) or for CT (APC, 7.3%; 95% CI, -6.7 to 23.5) were not statistically significant. Among episodes who received azithromycin as first-line treatment, increases in the proportion of persistent/recurrent FU visits were observed (APC, 12.6%; 95% CI, 8.6-16.7). For episodes where first-line treatment was doxycycline, no significant increases were detected (APC, 4.3%; 95% CI, -0.3 to 9.2).
CONCLUSIONS
We found an increase in the proportion of urethritis episodes with persistent or recurrent symptoms over time. Given these observed trends in episodes negative for NG or CT, an etiology not detectable by routine diagnostics was a likely factor in increased persistence, suggesting patients with urethritis may benefit from diagnostic testing for M. genitalium during an initial symptomatic presentation.
Topics: Humans; Urethritis; Male; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Recurrence; Gonorrhea; Young Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Middle Aged; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Azithromycin; Adolescent; Doxycycline
PubMed: 38602771
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001975 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jul 2024Data on people suspected with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from August 2022 to December 2023 in southern China were analyzed. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the...
Data on people suspected with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from August 2022 to December 2023 in southern China were analyzed. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive detection rates of respiratory pathogens increased to 56.9%. Influenza A virus (IAV) emerged as the predominant prevalence pathogen (52.1%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp: 21.2%), and SARS-CoV-2 (11.6%). Mp, IAV, and Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection were the primary etiologies of ARIs patients under age 18, accounting for 49.4%, 48.6%, and 21.7%, respectively. Mp, HRV, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Adenovirus (ADV) contributed to ARIs cases in virtually every month in this group, with Mp being particularly notable for its consistent presence and high co-infection rate (31.0%). IAV was predominant in the 19 to 59 age group (88.6%), SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for most of ARIs in the elderly group (82.5%). This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of respiratory pathogens post COVID-19 era.
Topics: Humans; China; Respiratory Tract Infections; Middle Aged; Adult; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; COVID-19; Young Adult; Infant; Aged; Male; Female; Coinfection; SARS-CoV-2; Infant, Newborn; Prevalence; Influenza A virus; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Aged, 80 and over; Acute Disease
PubMed: 38598951
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116293 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2024Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a public health problem. Real-time PCR assays are the most sensitive test for screening and diagnosis of these infections. The...
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a public health problem. Real-time PCR assays are the most sensitive test for screening and diagnosis of these infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new CT/NG/TV/MG Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) kit (Vircell) for the detection of , , and for the diagnosis of sexual transmitted infections using the Allplex STI Essential Assay (Seegene) as the reference's method. A total of 497 samples from different anatomical sites (endocervical, urethral, rectal, pharyngeal and urine) were analysed from October 2022 to February 2023. A total of 108 (21.73 %) and 106 (21.33 %) positive samples were found for any of the assays used. The most commonly detected pathogen was (52 samples; 10.46 %), and the least commonly detected was (three samples; 0.60 %). The anatomical site with the highest prevalence of micro-organisms was a non-urogenital site, the pharynx (26 positive samples; 5.23 %). Using the Allplex STI Essential Assay (Seegene) as the reference method, the diagnosis performance showed that the average specificity of CT/NG/TV/MG RT-PCR Kit (Vircell) was 99.84 % and the sensitivity was 99.53 %. The overall concordance was k=0.98 (CI95 %; 0.96-1). In conclusion, the CT/NG/TV/MG RT-PCR Kit (Vircell) assay shows a good sensitivity and specificity and constitutes a promising and additional alternative to routine procedures for distinct types of clinical specimen in diagnosis STI.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Chlamydia trachomatis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Trichomonas vaginalis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Chlamydia Infections; Gonorrhea
PubMed: 38591530
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001797 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2024Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and...
OBJECTIVE
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and the persistence of the infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most frequent mutations associated with azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance in our geographical area.
METHODS
A prospective study from May 2019 to May 2023 was performed. MG-positive samples were collected. Real-time PCRs (AllplexTM MG-AziR Assay and AllplexTM MG-MoxiR Assay, Seegene) were performed in MG positive samples to detect mutations in 23S rRNA V domain and parC gene.
RESULTS
A 37.1% of samples presented resistance determinants to azithromycin and the most common mutation detected was A2059G (57.9%). Resistance to moxifloxacin was studied in 72 azithromycin-resistant samples and 36.1% showed mutations, being G248T the most prevalent (73.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The resistance to different lines of treat ment suggests the need for a targeted therapy and the performing of a test of cure afterwards.
Topics: Mycoplasma genitalium; Moxifloxacin; Azithromycin; Spain; Humans; Prospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Mutation; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Adult; DNA Topoisomerase IV
PubMed: 38591493
DOI: 10.37201/req/015.2024 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP),...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), which have poor survival rates and often require intensive medical resource utilization. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 526 children with MPP admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to February 2023 and randomly divided the data into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 4:1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent risk factors for SMPP. Age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze are independent risk factors for SMPP in children. Then, we built an online dynamic nomogram ( https://ertongyiyuanliexiantu.shinyapps.io/SMPP/ ) based on the 11 independent risk factors. The C-index, ROC curve, DCA curve and calibration curve were used to assess the performance of the nomogram, which all showed that the dynamic nomogram has excellent clinical value. Based on age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze, the first dynamic nomogram for accurately predicting SMPP was successfully established.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies; Coinfection; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pleural Effusion; Fever; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38589453
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58784-3 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jul 2024The aim of this study is to describe the typical microbial spectrum and the influence of distinct vaginal infections on preterm birth in pregnancies affected by cervical...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to describe the typical microbial spectrum and the influence of distinct vaginal infections on preterm birth in pregnancies affected by cervical incompetence.
METHODS
327 patients were admitted because of asymptomatic shortening of the cervix in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Clinical data such as age, cervical length, gestational age at admission and at delivery and vaginal microbiologic findings were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The spectrum of germs in the vagina revealed seven different distinct species; the most common bacteria were Ureaplasma spp. and E. coli. In 327 included patients, 217 revealed a bacterial colonization, 110 did not. Most common bacteria in women with preterm birth before 34 weeks were Ureaplasma spp., while E. coli was most common in women undergoing preterm birth after 34 weeks. Nevertheless, the rates of occurrence of these bacterial taxa were not significantly different between who underwent preterm birth to those who did not.
CONCLUSIONS
This study gives an overview over the vaginal bacterial colonization in pregnant women with cervical incompetence. The clinical relevance of vaginal bacterial colonization remains unclear.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Vagina; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Uterine Cervical Incompetence; Ureaplasma; Escherichia coli; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Retrospective Studies; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Gestational Age
PubMed: 38578544
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07397-2 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Jul 2024There is a high prevalence and incidence rate of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy in adolescent girls and young women in Africa. The...
OBJECTIVE
There is a high prevalence and incidence rate of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy in adolescent girls and young women in Africa. The association between STIs and pregnancy outcomes in a hyperepidemic HIV setting has not been well described.
METHODS
Pregnant women, HIV-1 negative and <28 weeks' gestation at three primary health clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were enrolled from February 2017 to March 2018. Vaginal swabs collected at the first and later antenatal visits were stored and retrospectively tested for HSV-2, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the end of the study. The association between STIs detected at first and later antenatal visits and pregnancy outcome was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age and treatment received for symptomatic STIs.
RESULTS
Testing positive Mycoplasma genitalium at the first antenatal visit was significantly associated with low birth weight (odds ratio [OR] 5.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-15.98). Testing positive for T. vaginalis at the repeat visit was significantly associated with preterm births (OR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.11-5.03), low birth weight (OR 2.56; 1.16-5.63) and a composite adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.09-4.08). Testing positive for HSV-2 at the repeat visit was also likely associated with experiencing a preterm birth or any adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 3.39; 95% CI: 0.86-13.3) (P = 0.096).
CONCLUSIONS
Among predominantly asymptomatic STIs, M. genitalium detected at baseline visit was significantly associated with low birth weight, while T. vaginalis detected at the repeat visit in later pregnancy was significantly associated with preterm birth. Further research is warranted to study the impact of etiological testing of STIs at more than one antenatal visit and empirical treatment on pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; South Africa; Adult; Pregnancy Outcome; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Young Adult; Premature Birth; Adolescent; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Chlamydia Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Herpes Genitalis; Prevalence; Logistic Models; Trichomonas vaginalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Prenatal Care; Trichomonas Vaginitis
PubMed: 38573181
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15529 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases May 2024During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from...
During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal samples. In almost half (6 of 13) of samples tested, we found known A2063G mutations (macrolide resistance) and a novel C2353T variant on the 23S rRNA gene.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; Vietnam; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Mutation; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38573165
DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231632 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Portugal; Tertiary Care Centers; Female; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Male; Adult; Time Factors; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38570090
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.03.028