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Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.) Jun 2024Somatosensory game interventions have been used to rehabilitate hospitalized older adults. However, their application in prefrail older adults in the community is poorly...
BACKGROUND
Somatosensory game interventions have been used to rehabilitate hospitalized older adults. However, their application in prefrail older adults in the community is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective intervention strategies and exercise diversification.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore the experiences of prefrail Chinese older adults engaging in somatosensory gaming interventions and thus develop tailored intervention frameworks and support strategies.
METHODS
We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 prefrail older adults who participated in a 12-week sensory game intervention study from August to September 2022. The interviews were analyzed using Nvivo 11.0 software following Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method.
RESULTS
Somatosensory game intervention experiences were classified into four main themes and 11 subthemes: health intervention effects (enhanced limb muscle strength, improved reaction capacity, alleviated negative emotions), positive experiences (enhanced self-achievement, increased exercise motivation, elevated social engagement), negative experiences (frustration from unmet score expectations, initial discomfort), and intervention requirements (sustained interventions, technical support, personalized content).
CONCLUSION
The findings have implications for somatosensory game interventions targeting prefrail older adults in the community.
PubMed: 38940496
DOI: 10.1111/phn.13366 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Jun 2024Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease that remains undetected until it acutely ruptures. Due to lack of effective pharmaceutic therapies, it is... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease that remains undetected until it acutely ruptures. Due to lack of effective pharmaceutic therapies, it is urgent to explore new prevention and treatment strategies. Metabolic reprogramming is a cellular process through which cells change their metabolic patterns to meet material and energy requirements, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Recently, the regulatory role of metabolic reprogramming in cardiovascular diseases, especially AAA, has attracted significant attention. This review article focuses on the research progress regarding the effects of metabolic reprogramming of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages on the occurrence and development of AAA, especially their roles in major pathological processes such as VSMCs apoptosis and phenotype transformation, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. The aim is to provide new clues for the mechanism research and clinical treatment of AAA from the perspective of metabolism.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Humans; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Animals; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Macrophages; Oxidative Stress; Apoptosis; Lipid Metabolism; Cellular Reprogramming; Metabolic Reprogramming
PubMed: 38939940
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024This case report details the identification of a novel likely pathogenic splicing variant in the TTN gene, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), in a 42-year-old...
This case report details the identification of a novel likely pathogenic splicing variant in the TTN gene, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), in a 42-year-old male patient presenting with early-onset heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. DCM is a nonischemic heart condition characterized by left biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction, with approximately one-third of cases being familial and often linked to genetic mutations. The TTN gene, encoding the largest human protein essential for muscle contraction and sarcomere structure, is implicated in about 25% of DCM cases through mutations, especially truncating variants. Our investigation revealed a previously unreported G > C mutation at the splice acceptor site in intron 356 of TTN, confirmed by Sanger sequencing and not found in population databases, suggesting a novel contribution to the understanding of DCM etiology. The case emphasizes the critical role of the TTN gene in cardiac function and the genetic complexity underlying DCM. A comprehensive literature review highlighted the prevalence and significance of splice variants in the TTN gene, particularly those affecting the titin A-band, which is known for its role in muscle contraction and stability. This variant's identification underscores the importance of genetic screening in patients with DCM, offering insights into the disease's familial transmission and potential therapeutic targets. Our findings contribute to the expanding knowledge of genetic factors in DCM, demonstrating the necessity of integrating genetic diagnostics in cardiovascular medicine. This case supports the growing evidence linking splicing mutations in specific regions of the TTN gene to DCM development and underscores the importance of genetic counseling and testing in managing heart disease.
PubMed: 38938651
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1387063 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jun 2024Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagortricha) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of...
Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagortricha) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of the subfamily Atelinae, capable of suspensory postures and "tail assisted" brachiation. That taxon's decreased reliance on suspension is reflected in the skeletal anatomy of the upper limb which is less derived relative to more frequently suspensory atelines (Ateles, Brachyteles) but is in many ways (i.e., phalangeal curvature, enlarged joint surfaces, elongated diaphyses) intermediate between highly suspensory and quadrupedal anthropoids. Although it has been suggested that muscle may have morphogenetic primacy with respect to bone this has not been explicitly tested. The present study employs analyses of Lagothrix upper limb muscle fiber length, relative physiological cross-sectional area and relative muscle mass to test whether muscular adaptations for suspensory postures and locomotion in Lagothrix precede adaptive refinements in the skeletal tissues or appear more gradually in conjunction with related skeletal adaptations. Results demonstrate that Lagothrix upper limb musculature is most like committed quadrupeds but that limited aspects of the relative distribution of segmental muscle mass may approach suspensory hylobatids consistent with only a limited adaptive response in musculature prior to bone. Results specific to the shoulder were inconclusive owing to under-representation of quadrupedal shoulder musculature and future work should be focused more specifically on the adaptive and functional morphology of the muscular anatomy and microstructure of the scapulothoracic joint complex.
PubMed: 38938152
DOI: 10.1002/ar.25514 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024Skeletal muscle growth is an important economic trait for meat production, with notable differences between Tibetan pigs (TIBPs, a slow-growing breed) and Large White...
OBJECTIVE
Skeletal muscle growth is an important economic trait for meat production, with notable differences between Tibetan pigs (TIBPs, a slow-growing breed) and Large White pigs (LWPs, a fast-growing breed). However, the genetic underpinnings of this disparity remain unclear.
METHODS
In the current study, we integrated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) from 60-day-old embryonic muscle tissue, along with whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) displaying absolute allele frequency differences (ΔAF) of 0.5 or more between the TIBP and LWP breeds, to unravel the genetic factors influencing skeletal muscle growth.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed 3499 DEGs and 628 DEPs with SNPs having a ΔAF equal to or greater than 0.5. Further functional analysis identified 145 DEGs and 23 DEPs involved in biological processes related to skeletal muscle development, and 22 DEGs and 3 DEPs implicated in the mTOR signaling pathway, which is known for positively regulating protein synthesis. Among these genes, several DEGs and DEPs, enriched with TIPB-specific SNPs in regulatory or/and coding regions, showed marked ΔAF between the TIBP and LWP breeds, including MYF5, MYOF, ASB2, PDE9A, SDC1, PDGFRA, MYOM2, ACVR1, ZIC3, COL11A1, TGFBR1, EDNRA, TGFB2, PDE4D, PGAM2, GRK2, SCN4B, CACNA1S, MYL4, IGF1, and FOXO1. Additionally, genes such as CAPN3, MYOM2, and PGAM2, identified as both DEPs and DEGs related to skeletal muscle development, contained multiple TIBP-specific and LWP-predominant SNPs in regulatory and/or coding regions, underscoring significant ΔAF differences between the two breeds.
CONCLUSION
s: This comprehensive investigation of SNPs in DEGs and DEPs identified a significant number of SNPs and genes related to skeletal muscle development during the prenatal stage. These findings not only shed light on potential causal genes for muscle divergence between the TIBP and LWP breeds but also offer valuable insights for pig breeding strategies aimed at enhancing meat production.
PubMed: 38938033
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0135 -
BMC Geriatrics Jun 2024No study has compared 30-day and 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes between old-age patients with and those without sarcopenia.
PURPOSE
No study has compared 30-day and 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes between old-age patients with and those without sarcopenia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We categorize elderly patients receiving major surgery into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative sarcopenia that were matched at a 1:4 ratio through propensity score matching (PSM). We analyzed 30-day or 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes and mortality in patients with and without sarcopenia receiving major surgery.
RESULTS
Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the patients with preoperative sarcopenia were at significantly higher risk of 30-day postoperative mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]. = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]. = 1.03-1.52) and 30-day major complications such as postoperative pneumonia (aOR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00-1.40), postoperative bleeding (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.04-4.57), septicemia (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.03-1.66), and overall complications (aOR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.00-1.46). In addition, surgical patients with sarcopenia were at significantly higher risk of 90-day postoperative mortality (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.29-1.74) and 90-day major complications such as pneumonia (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.10-1.47), postoperative bleeding (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.04-3.48), septicemia (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.28-1.82), and overall complications (aOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.08-1.42).
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for 30-day and 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes such as pneumonia, postoperative bleeding, and septicemia and increases 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality among patients receiving major surgery. No study has compared 30-day and 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes between patients with and those without sarcopenia. We conducted a propensity score?matched (PSM) population-based cohort study to investigate the adverse postoperative outcomes and mortality in patients undergoing major elective surgery with preoperative sarcopenia versus those without preoperative sarcopenia. We demonstrated that sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for 30-day and 90-day adverse postoperative outcomes, such as postoperative pneumonia, bleeding, septicemia, and mortality after major surgery. Therefore, surgeons and anesthesiologists should attempt to correct preoperative sarcopenia, swallowing function, and respiratory muscle training before elective surgery to reduce postoperative complications that contribute to the decrease in surgical mortality.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Male; Aged; Female; Postoperative Complications; Aged, 80 and over; Propensity Score; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38937671
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05066-2 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jun 20243-Methylhistidine (3-MeHis) is increasingly used as an indicator of muscle protein breakdown. The development of a sensitive, simple, and non-invasive method for...
3-Methylhistidine (3-MeHis) is increasingly used as an indicator of muscle protein breakdown. The development of a sensitive, simple, and non-invasive method for 3-MeHis assay is important in clinical practice. Herein, a sensitive, simple, and non-invasive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) method was proposed for the quantitation of 3-MeHis in urine by using an iridium(III) solvent complex ([Ir(dfppy)(DMSO)Cl], dfppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine, Ir-DMSO) as a signal reagent. The photoluminescence (PL) and ECL responses of Ir-DMSO to 3-MeHis were studied. The ECL intensity of Ir-DMSO was enhanced in the presence of 3-MeHis because of the coordination recognition between Ir-DMSO and the imidazole group of 3-MeHis. Based on the enhancement of ECL intensity, 3-MeHis can be sensitively detected in the range of 5 to 25 μM. The detection limit was 0.4 μM. This is the first report of an ECL method for the quantitation of 3-MeHis. Further, to investigate the feasibility of the Ir-DMSO-based ECL method in practical applications, the developed ECL method was applied for 3-MeHis assay in urine samples of 28 healthy volunteers and 2 patients. The urine samples from patients hospitalized with obesity and kidney disease and healthy individuals were distinguished by the ECL responses of Ir-DMSO. The proposed ECL method based on the coordination recognition between iridium(III) solvent complex and the imidazole group of 3-MeHis allows inexpensive, fast, non-invasive, and sensitive detection of 3-MeHis in urine, which is promising for assessing large volumes of patients for routine analysis in clinical practices.
PubMed: 38937290
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05402-w -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Jun 2024Weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic...
Weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists is coming closer to the magnitudes achieved with surgery. However, with greater weight loss there is concern about potential side effects on muscle quantity (mass), health and function. There is heterogeneity in the reported effects of GLP-1-based therapies on lean mass changes in clinical trials: in some studies, reductions in lean mass range between 40% and 60% as a proportion of total weight lost, while other studies show lean mass reductions of approximately 15% or less of total weight lost. There are several potential reasons underlying this heterogeneity, including population, drug-specific/molecular, and comorbidity effects. Furthermore, changes in lean mass may not always reflect changes in muscle mass as the former measure includes not only muscle but also organs, bone, fluids, and water in fat tissue. Based on contemporary evidence with the addition of magnetic resonance imaging-based studies, skeletal muscle changes with GLP-1RA treatments appear to be adaptive: reductions in muscle volume seem to be commensurate with what is expected given ageing, disease status, and weight loss achieved, and the improvement in insulin sensitivity and muscle fat infiltration likely contributes to an adaptive process with improved muscle quality, lowering the probability for loss in strength and function. Nevertheless, factors such as older age and severity of disease may influence the selection of appropriate candidates for these therapies due to risk of sarcopenia. To further improve muscle health during weight loss, several pharmacological treatments to maintain or improve muscle mass designed in combination with GLP-1-based therapies are under development. Future research on GLP-1-based and other therapies designed for weight loss should focus on more accurate and meaningful assessments of muscle mass, composition, as well as function, mobility or strength, to better define their impact on muscle health for the substantial number of patients who will likely be taking these medications well into the future.
PubMed: 38937282
DOI: 10.1111/dom.15728 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2024Three-dimensional (3D) organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized in vitro tissue modeling, offering a unique opportunity to...
BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized in vitro tissue modeling, offering a unique opportunity to replicate physiological tissue organization and functionality. This study investigates the impact of radiation on skeletal muscle response using an innovative in vitro human 3D skeletal muscle organoids (hSMOs) model derived from hPSCs.
METHODS
The hSMOs model was established through a differentiation protocol faithfully recapitulating embryonic myogenesis and maturation via paraxial mesodermal differentiation of hPSCs. Key skeletal muscle characteristics were confirmed using immunofluorescent staining and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the hSMOs were exposed to a clinically relevant dose of 2 Gy of radiation, and their response was analyzed using immunofluorescent staining and RNA-seq.
RESULTS
The hSMO model faithfully recapitulated embryonic myogenesis and maturation, maintaining key skeletal muscle characteristics. Following exposure to 2 Gy of radiation, histopathological analysis revealed deficits in hSMOs expansion, differentiation, and repair response across various cell types at early (30 min) and intermediate (18 h) time points post-radiation. Immunofluorescent staining targeting γH2AX and 53BP1 demonstrated elevated levels of foci per cell, particularly in PAX7 cells, during early and intermediate time points, with a distinct kinetic pattern showing a decrease at 72 h. RNA-seq data provided comprehensive insights into the DNA damage response within the hSMOs.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight deficits in expansion, differentiation, and repair response in hSMOs following radiation exposure, enhancing our understanding of radiation effects on skeletal muscle and contributing to strategies for mitigating radiation-induced damage in this context.
PubMed: 38936620
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119792 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Yeast β-glucan (BYG) possesses extremely low solubility that has limited its applications. In this study, we hydrolyzed BYG using snail enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed...
Yeast β-glucan (BYG) possesses extremely low solubility that has limited its applications. In this study, we hydrolyzed BYG using snail enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed yeast β-glucan (HBYG) with desirable water solubility and hypoglycemic activity. On the basis of HBYG, HBYG‑chromium(III) complex (HBYG-Cr) was synthesized. The molecular weight of the complex was 4.41 × 10 Da, and the content of trivalent chromium was 8.95 %. The hydroxyl groups of HBYG participated in the coordination and formed the chromium complex. The space conformations of HBYG exhibited remarkable changes after complex formation. HBYG-Cr existed mainly in an amorphous state and presented good dispersibility, and the surface was uneven. The hypoglycemic activity of HBYG-Cr was studied in db/db and C57 mice. The results showed that HBYG-Cr had good hypoglycemic activity. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the liver, kidney, pancreas, and skeletal muscle in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the diabetic model group. The sub-acute toxicity of HBYG-Cr was studied in KM mice and the results indicated that the complex did not cause adverse reactions or toxic side effects. This study broadened the application of yeast β-glucan and provided an important reference for the development of hypoglycemic functional foods and drugs.
PubMed: 38936582
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133425