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BDJ Open Jul 2024To evaluate educational impact of game-based learning (GBL) in orthodontic education.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate educational impact of game-based learning (GBL) in orthodontic education.
METHODS
A systematic search was undertaken across four databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Google Scholar) to identify relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2023. Additionally, the reference lists of identified literature were examined to further search for relevant literature. The last search was performed on 28 January 2024.
RESULTS
Following the article selection process, seven articles were included in this systematic review, comprising four randomized control trials and three questionnaire surveys. Six articles were assessed to have a moderate risk of biases, whereas one research exhibited a low risk of bias. GBL interventions assessed in five articles were designed in digital format, while one study implemented evaluated traditional learning, and another employed a card game format. Two RCTs indicated a greater effectiveness of GBL in enhancing learner performance compared to traditional learning methods, while one article found no significant difference. Across all articles, positive perceptions of GBL were consistently highlighted at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review supports the potential of GBL in orthodontic education. The implementation of GBL is recommended to integrate entertaining and educational elements, fostering learner performance within engaging learning environments. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that the overall quality of evidence is limited, primarily due to the moderate risk of biases identified in six of the included articles. Consequently, further high-quality experimental studies are required to validate the effectiveness of GBL in orthodontic education.
PubMed: 38965234
DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00218-3 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Jul 2024Some clinical characteristics and comorbidities in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are exclusion criteria in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating oral...
BACKGROUND
Some clinical characteristics and comorbidities in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are exclusion criteria in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating oral anticoagulants (OAC). However, these conditions are present also in everyday clinical practice patients. We compared the risk of adverse clinical outcomes between patients with and without RCT exclusion criteria.
METHODS
The Murcia AF Project II was an observational cohort study including AF outpatients starting vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) from July 2016 to June 2018. For the selection of the exclusion criteria, the four pivotal RCTs of direct-acting OAC (DOACs) were used as reference. During 2 years, all ischemic strokes/transient ischemic attacks, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), major bleeds, and all-cause deaths were recorded.
RESULTS
1050 patients (51.5% female, median age 77 years) were included, of whom 368 (35%) met at least one exclusion criterion for RCTs. During follow-up, the incidence rate ratios for major bleeding, MACE and all-cause mortality were higher among patients with exclusion criteria (all p < 0.001). Patients fulfilling at least one exclusion criterion had increased risks of major bleeding (aHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.22-1.81; p < 0.001), MACE (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.09, p = 0.012), and mortality (aHR 3.22, 95% CI 2.32-4.48, p < 0.001), as well as a lower event-free survival (all log-rank p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In this AF cohort taking VKAs, more than one-third had at least one RCT exclusion criteria, which translates into higher risk of major bleeding, MACE, and death. These observations should be considered when translating RCTs results to AF patients for a proper and a more patient-centered management.
PubMed: 38965203
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03701-9 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jul 2024The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the body against invasive pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce... (Review)
Review
The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the body against invasive pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce and protect this vital organ. Current research supports the impact of probiotics on skin health and their ability to alleviate various skin disorders. However, the effectiveness and probable side effects of probiotics in skin care remain a subject of debate, necessitating further investigation and analysis. Hence, this study aims to highlight existing gaps and future needs in the current research on probiotics in skin care and pave the way for future investigations. Therefore, we scrutinized the effects of oral (fermented foods and dietary supplements) and non-oral/topical probiotics on skin care, and the mechanism of probiotics that affect skin health. The results of most studies showed that fermented foods containing probiotics, particularly dairy products, positively impact skin health. The research results regarding the efficacy of probiotic supplements and live strains in treating skin disorders show promising potential. However, safety evaluations are crucial, to identify any potential adverse effects. While research has identified numerous potential mechanisms by which probiotics may influence skin health, a complete understanding of their precise mode of action remains elusive. However, it seems that probiotics can exert their positive effects through the gut-skin and gut-skin-brain axis on the human body. Therefore, following the identification of safe probiotics, additional studies should be carried out to establish optimal dosages, potential side effects, suitable regulatory guidelines, and validation methods.
PubMed: 38965196
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10319-y -
Drugs in R&D Jul 2024Tolebrutinib is a covalent BTK inhibitor designed and selected for potency and CNS exposure to optimize impact on BTK-dependent signaling in CNS-resident cells. We...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Tolebrutinib is a covalent BTK inhibitor designed and selected for potency and CNS exposure to optimize impact on BTK-dependent signaling in CNS-resident cells. We applied a translational approach to evaluate three BTK inhibitors in Phase 3 clinical development in MS with respect to their relative potency to block BTK-dependent signaling and exposure in the CNS METHODS: We used in vitro kinase and cellular activation assays, alongside pharmacokinetic sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the non-human primate cynomolgus to estimate the ability of these candidates (evobrutinib, fenebrutinib, and tolebrutinib) to block BTK-dependent signaling inside the CNS.
RESULTS
In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that tolebrutinib reacted with BTK 65-times faster than evobrutinib, while fenebrutinib, a classical reversible antagonist with a K value of 4.7 nM and slow off-rate (1.54 x 10 s), also had an association rate 1760-fold slower (0.00245 μM * s). Estimates of cellular potency were largely consistent with the in vitro kinase assays, with an estimated IC of 0.7 nM for tolebrutinib against 33.5 nM for evobrutinib and 2.9 nM for fenebrutinib. We then observed that evobrutinib, fenebrutinib, and tolebrutinib achieved similar levels of exposure in non-human primate CSF after oral doses of 10 mg/kg. However, tolebrutinib CSF exposure (4.8 ng/mL) (k CSF=0.40) exceeded the IC90 (the estimated concentration inhibiting 90% of kinase activity) value, while evobrutinib (3.2 ng/mL) (k CSF=0.13) and fenebrutinib (12.9 ng/mL) (kp,uu CSF=0.15) failed to reach the estimated IC values.
CONCLUSIONS
Tolebrutinib was the only candidate of the three that attained relevant CSF exposure in non-human primates.
PubMed: 38965189
DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00468-4 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Jul 2024
Correction to: Mapping trends in preemptive analgesia related to oral surgery with the use of Ibuprofen: a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of bibliometric parameters.
PubMed: 38965185
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-024-01279-2 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2024This study compares the biofilm inhibition effects of denture cleaning tablets, carvacrol, and their combined use against Candida albicans on denture bases produced with...
OBJECTIVES
This study compares the biofilm inhibition effects of denture cleaning tablets, carvacrol, and their combined use against Candida albicans on denture bases produced with different techniques. Additionally, the surface roughness and contact angles of these denture bases were evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Test samples were prepared from four different denture base materials (cold-polymerized, heat-polymerized, CAD/CAM milling, and 3D-printed). The surface roughness and contact angles of the test samples were measured using a profilometer and goniometer, respectively. For the evaluation of biofilm inhibition, samples were divided into 5 subgroups: Corega and carvacrol, separately and combined treatments, positive (inoculated with C. albicans) and negative control (non-inoculated with C. albicans, only medium). Biofilm mass was determined using the crystal violet method. An additional prepared test sample for each subgroup was examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
The surface roughness values of the 3D-printed test samples were found to be statistically higher than the other groups (P < .001). The water contact angle of all test materials was not statistically different from each other (P > .001). Corega and carvacrol, separately and combined, significantly decreased the amount of biofilm on all surfaces (P < .0001). Treatment of corega alone and in combination with carvacrol to the 3D-printed material caused less C. albicans inhibition than the other groups (P < .001; P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
The surface roughness values of all test groups were within the clinically acceptable threshold. Although Corega and carvacrol inhibited C. albicans biofilms, their combined use did not show a synergistic effect.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Carvacrol may be used as one of the disinfectant agents for denture cleaning due to its biofilm inhibition property.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Denture Bases; Cymenes; Surface Properties; Denture Cleansers; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tablets
PubMed: 38965139
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05810-3 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2024The search to optimize the healing and bone repair processes in oral and maxillofacial surgeries reflects the constant evolution in clinical practice, driven by the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The search to optimize the healing and bone repair processes in oral and maxillofacial surgeries reflects the constant evolution in clinical practice, driven by the demand for increasingly satisfactory results and the need to minimize postoperative complications.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of Platelet and Leukocyte Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) in the healing and bone repair process in oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The systematic review protocol for this study included the definition of the research question, the domain of the study, the databases searched, the search strategy, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the types of studies to be included, the measures of effect, the methods for screening, data extraction and analysis, and the approach to data synthesis. Systematic literature searches were carried out on Cochrane databases, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
The strategic search in the databases identified 1,159 studies. After removing the duplicates with the Rayyan© software, 946 articles remained. Of these, 30 met the inclusion criteria. After careful evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were considered highly relevant and included in the systematic review.
CONCLUSION
Platelet and Leukocyte Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) has a positive effect on the healing process and bone repair in oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Wound Healing; Leukocytes; Oral Surgical Procedures; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 38965076
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05817-w -
International Journal of Dermatology Jul 2024Yao syndrome (YAOS) is a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease linked to the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) gene. It is characterized by periodic... (Review)
Review
Yao syndrome (YAOS) is a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease linked to the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) gene. It is characterized by periodic fevers, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, arthritis, and dermatitis, among other symptoms. A sparse literature exists on this disease, and little is known about its dermatological manifestations. A review of available literature was performed to characterize the cutaneous manifestations of Yao syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations were documented in 85.7% of patients, with common characteristic descriptions of erythematous patches and plaques involving the face, trunk, abdomen, and extremities. Based on our review of treatment modalities employed for Yao syndrome, prednisone is an appropriate initial approach, with oral sulfasalazine and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs serving as appropriate secondary options. YAOS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with a dermatitic rash, especially in the context of concurrent articular symptoms, periodic fever, and GI symptoms.
PubMed: 38965064
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17350 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jul 2024Turmeric, derived from , and , a lactic acid bacteria, have been studied for their potential antiobesity effects. To date, the antiobesity effects of turmeric fermented...
Turmeric, derived from , and , a lactic acid bacteria, have been studied for their potential antiobesity effects. To date, the antiobesity effects of turmeric fermented with have not been sufficiently investigated. This study was conducted oral administration of 5% fermented (FT) and unfermented turmeric (UT) in diet over 16 weeks using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that the curcuminoid content of turmeric decreased following fermentation. Furthermore, FT significantly suppressed weight gain and liver and visceral adipose tissue weight and reduced plasma metabolic parameters in both the UT and FT experimental groups. The effects of FT were more noticeable than those of the unfermented form. Moreover, FT downregulated the expression of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammatory-related protein, but upregulated liver β-oxidation protein SIRT 1, PPARα, and PGC-1α in perigonadal adipose tissue. Additionally, FT ameliorated insulin resistance by activating insulin receptor pathway protein expressions in visceral adipose tissues. FT also modulated gut microbiota composition, particularly in two beneficial bacteria, and as well as two short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria: and . Our findings indicate that the modulation effect of FT may be an important pathway for its antiobesity mechanisms.
PubMed: 38965062
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01501 -
International Journal of Oral and... Jul 2024Arthroplasty with discectomy is a proven treatment for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), however there is no consensus on the type of...
Arthroplasty with discectomy is a proven treatment for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), however there is no consensus on the type of interpositional graft that should be used after the disc is removed. While an ideal graft should be easy to obtain and provide an adequate buffer between the articular surfaces, the authors suggest that it should also minimize donor site morbidity. This Technical Note highlights the technique for harvesting and utilizing the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) as an interpositional graft. Three patients were treated with a SMAS graft after TMJ arthroplasty with discectomy. The average pain score decreased from 9/10 preoperatively to 2/10 at 6 weeks postoperatively, while the average maximum incisal opening increased from 31 mm to 36.7 mm. Since these patients were concurrently treated with a facelift, they were asked about their esthetic outcome on a scale of 1-10, with 1 representing extremely dissatisfied and 10 representing extremely satisfied. The average esthetic rating at 6 weeks postoperatively was 9.3/10. The SMAS interpositional graft technique eliminates a second surgical site, improves function, reduces pain, and provides the opportunity for concurrent esthetic facial rejuvenation if desired.
PubMed: 38964993
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.06.004