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Urology Case Reports Mar 2024This report documents the first case of Raoultella planticola epididymo-orchitis following campylobacter gastroenteritis in a 76-year-old male. Highlighting R....
This report documents the first case of Raoultella planticola epididymo-orchitis following campylobacter gastroenteritis in a 76-year-old male. Highlighting R. planticola's expanded pathogenic potential beyond common urinary tract infections, this case emphasizes its clinical significance in atypical genitourinary presentations, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions like diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Despite intrinsic ampicillin resistance, targeted ciprofloxacin treatment proved effective. This case underscores the necessity for broad diagnostic considerations and tailored antibiotic therapy in managing complex infections, advocating for increased awareness of emerging resistant uropathogens in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38404681
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102684 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024is a zoonotic intracellular bacterium that poses threats to human health and economic security. Intracellular infection is a hallmark of the agent and a primary cause...
is a zoonotic intracellular bacterium that poses threats to human health and economic security. Intracellular infection is a hallmark of the agent and a primary cause of distress, through which the bacterium regulates the host intracellular environment to promote its own colonization and replication, evading host immunity and pharmaceutical killing. Current studies of intracellular processes are typically premised on bacterial phenotype such as intracellular bacterial survival, followed by biochemical or molecular biological approaches to reveal detailed mechanisms. While such processes can deepen the understanding of -host interaction, the insights into host alterations in infection would be easily restricted to known pathways. In the current study, we applied CRISPR Cas9 screen to identify host genes that are most affected by infection on cell viability at the genomic level. As a result of CRISPR screening, we firstly identified that knockout of the negatively selected genes , , , and attenuate the viability of both the host cells and intracellular , suggesting these genes to be potential therapeutic targets for control. In particular, knockout of diminished intracellular survival by altering host cell autophagy. Conversely, knockout of positive screening genes promoted intracellular proliferation of . In summary, we screened host genes at the genomic level throughout infection, identified host genes that are previously not recognized to be involved in infection, and provided targets for intracellular infection control.IMPORTANCE is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects common mammals causing arthritis, myalgia, neuritis, orchitis, or miscarriage and is difficult to cure with antibiotics due to its intracellular parasitism. Therefore, unraveling the mechanism of -host interactions will help controlling infections. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that directs knockout of individual target genes by guided RNA, from which genome-wide gene-knockout cell libraries can be constructed. Upon infection with , the cell library would show differences in viability as a result of the knockout and specific genes could be revealed by genomic DNA sequencing. As a result, genes affecting cell viability during infection were identified. Further testing of gene function may reveal the mechanisms of -host interactions, thereby contributing to clinical therapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Brucella; Brucellosis; Gene Editing; Mammals
PubMed: 38376367
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03383-23 -
Cureus Jan 2024(NS) oil has been used as an ointment for relief from abscesses, nasal ulcers, orchitis, eczema, and swollen joints. The nutritional and biological values of wheat germ...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
(NS) oil has been used as an ointment for relief from abscesses, nasal ulcers, orchitis, eczema, and swollen joints. The nutritional and biological values of wheat germ oil (WGO) are imperative points for testing its wound healing properties in traumatic ulcer. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the ability of NS versus WGO in promoting the healing of induced traumatic ulcer in albino rats clinically and histologically.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, in Ismailia, Egypt, on 60 albino rats with induced labial ulcer according to calculated sample size. All animals were anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 10% ketamine. The ulcer was produced on the labial mucosa corresponding to the midline between the lower two incisors of each rat. After induction of the ulcer, rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment medicament: Group A (negative control group): 15 rats which remained without treatment; Group B (positive control): 15 rats which received daily a topical application of 1 ml of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and lidocaine gel; Group C (NS group): 15 rats which received a daily topical application of 1 mm of NS oil painted by a brush covering the whole area of the ulcer; and Group D (WGO group): 15 rats which received 1 mm of WGO. The ulcers were measured using a digital caliper and were recorded using a digital camera at days 0, 3, 7, and 9, the largest (D) and smallest (d) diameters of the lesion were recorded, and the ulcer area was calculated using the following formula: A=π×D/2×d/2. Tissue samples were taken for histological examination, and the labial mucosa was dissected out and embedded in paraffin wax blocks. The blocks were cut with microtome to obtain sections of 4-5 μm thickness to be stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain. All sections were examined under a light microscope, and the presence of inflammatory cells and collagen tissue remodeling were evaluated.
RESULTS
Within the control group, there are statistically non-significant changes in the mean of the surface area of ulcer when comparing changes in 10 rats who survived till the seventh day and inflammatory cell count when comparing changes in five rats who were sacrificed at the seventhday. There was a significant decrease in surface area and inflammatory cell count in five rats who survived till the ninth day. Within the WGO group only, all survived rats had healed ulcer at the ninth day. There is a significant decrease in inflammatory cell count in five rats who survived till the ninth day.
CONCLUSION
WGO was significantly more effective in the treatment of animal-induced ulcer compared to NS oil or CPC and lidocaine oral gel.
PubMed: 38371095
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52432 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Feb 2024Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. Although the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are the most frequently affected...
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. Although the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are the most frequently affected structures, every tissue can be affected. Ophthalmological involvement occurs in 25 % of cases. We report a clinical case in which the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was revealed by isolated unilateral optic disc edema.
Topics: Humans; Papilledema; Sarcoidosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Lung
PubMed: 38356421
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Feb 2024Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae has been recovered from a wide variety of species, including reptiles, and has been linked to important clinical manifestations in...
Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae has been recovered from a wide variety of species, including reptiles, and has been linked to important clinical manifestations in snakes and lizards. We describe a case of concomitant fibrinonecrotic enteritis and orchitis associated with S. enterica subsp houtenae infection in a short-tailed boa (Boa constrictor amarali). At necropsy, the mucosa of the large intestine was covered by a focally extensive fibrinonecrotic exudate (diphtheritic pseudomembrane). The left testicle was enlarged, firm and diffusely expanded by a thick fibrinous yellow exudate. Polymerase chain reaction and conclusive antigenic testing indicated that the bacteria isolated from the lesions were S. enterica subsp houtenae, and the virulence genes InvA, slyA, stn and spvC were identified. This report reinforces that, although S. enterica subsp houtenae has been isolated from asymptomatic reptiles, it has the potential to cause life-threatening disease in snakes.
Topics: Male; Animals; Salmonella enterica; Boidae; Orchitis; Enteritis; Salmonella
PubMed: 38306731
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.01.002 -
JCI Insight Feb 2024Acute bacterial orchitis (AO) is a prevalent cause of intrascrotal inflammation, often resulting in sub- or infertility. A frequent cause eliciting AO is uropathogenic...
Acute bacterial orchitis (AO) is a prevalent cause of intrascrotal inflammation, often resulting in sub- or infertility. A frequent cause eliciting AO is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a gram negative pathovar, characterized by the expression of various iron acquisition systems to survive in a low-iron environment. On the host side, iron is tightly regulated by iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and -2) and these factors are reported to play a role in testicular and immune cell function; however, their precise role remains unclear. Here, we showed in a mouse model of UPEC-induced orchitis that the absence of IRP1 results in less testicular damage and a reduced immune response. Compared with infected wild-type (WT) mice, testes of UPEC-infected Irp1-/- mice showed impaired ERK signaling. Conversely, IRP2 deletion led to a stronger inflammatory response. Notably, differences in immune cell infiltrations were observed among the different genotypes. In contrast with WT and Irp2-/- mice, no increase in monocytes and neutrophils was detected in testes of Irp1-/- mice upon UPEC infection. Interestingly, in Irp1-/- UPEC-infected testes, we observed an increase in a subpopulation of macrophages (F4/80+CD206+) associated with antiinflammatory and wound-healing activities compared with WT. These findings suggest that IRP1 deletion may protect against UPEC-induced inflammation by modulating ERK signaling and dampening the immune response.
Topics: Male; Humans; Mice; Animals; Iron Regulatory Protein 1; Orchitis; Inflammation; Iron Regulatory Protein 2; Iron
PubMed: 38301068
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175845 -
Stress Biology Feb 2024The male reproductive system has a standard immune response regulatory mechanism, However, a variety of external stimuli, including viruses, bacteria, heat, and...
The male reproductive system has a standard immune response regulatory mechanism, However, a variety of external stimuli, including viruses, bacteria, heat, and medications can damage the testicles and cause orchitis and epididymitis. It has been shown that various RNA viruses are more likely to infect the testis than DNA viruses, inducing orchitis and impairing testicular function. It was found that local injection of the viral RNA analog poly(I:C) into the testes markedly disrupted the structure of the seminiferous tubules, accompanied by apoptosis and inflammation. Poly(I:C) mainly inhibited the expression of testosterone synthesis-associated proteins, STAR and MGARP, and affected the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids and lipids in the testis. This led to the disruption of the metabolite levels in the testis of mice, thus affecting the normal spermatogenesis process. The present study analyzed the acute inflammatory response of the testis to viral infection using a multi-omics approach. It provides insights into how RNA virus infection impairs testicular function and offers a theoretical basis for future studies on immune homeostasis and responses under stress conditions in male reproduction.
PubMed: 38300431
DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00146-6 -
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU May 2024Granulomatous orchitis is a relatively rare clinical testicular lesion. The imaging manifestations and clinical symptoms are similar to those of testicular tumors. In... (Review)
Review
Granulomatous orchitis is a relatively rare clinical testicular lesion. The imaging manifestations and clinical symptoms are similar to those of testicular tumors. In order to improve the understanding of this disease, this article reports the ultrasonographic manifestations of a case of granulomatous orchitis and reviews the relevant literature with.
Topics: Humans; Orchitis; Male; Diagnostic Errors; Granuloma; Diagnosis, Differential; Testis; Ultrasonography; Adult
PubMed: 38288520
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23640 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2024This study compares the rate of selected types of mental illnesses (stress, anxiety, depression) and sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep apnea) according to the status of...
This study compares the rate of selected types of mental illnesses (stress, anxiety, depression) and sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep apnea) according to the status of eight male genital problems. Analyses utilize medical claims data for male employees aged 18 to 64 years of a large corporation, 2017 to 2021. Approximately 1,076 (7.3%) men per year have one or more genital problems. The most common being benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; 3.8%) and then erectile dysfunction (ED; 1.7%). For BPH patients, the rate experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, or a combination of these is 0.96%, 6.2%, 5.3%, and 5.1%, respectively. Corresponding rates for ED are 1.5%, 7.2%, 5.9%, and 7.5%. For BPH patients, the rate experiencing insomnia, sleep apnea, or both is 3.1%, 22.7%, and 2.0%, respectively. Corresponding rates for ED are 1.2%, 20.6%, and 2.2%. Male genital problems positively associate with having one or more mental illnesses (stress, anxiety, depression), except for hydrocele, with ED and penis disorder having the strongest associations. Male genital problems also positively associate with having insomnia and/or sleep apnea, except for infertility and orchitis, with BPH and ED having the strongest associations. The positive associations involving BPH and ED with mental illnesses are each more pronounced in the younger age group (18-49 vs. 50-64). Similar results are seen in the models involving sleep disorders. Thus, comorbid male genital problems, mental illnesses, and sleep disorders exist, with the strength of associations unique to the male genital problem and sometimes modified by age.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Erectile Dysfunction; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep Wake Disorders; Genitalia, Male
PubMed: 38279822
DOI: 10.1177/15579883241228243 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2024In the western North Pacific, prominent granulomatous testes have been detected in many Brucella-infected common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but there...
In the western North Pacific, prominent granulomatous testes have been detected in many Brucella-infected common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but there have been no reports in toothed cetaceans. We found severe orchitis with granulomatous lesions in a rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan in 2011. Histopathological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration of the lesions. DNA from the lesion was analyzed by PCR and it showed molecular biological similarities with those of Brucella-infected common minke whales and Brucella ceti of sequence-type 27 (ST27). These results suggest that the type of Brucella ceti that infected the dolphin was ST27, which may have caused severe orchitis. This study adds to our understanding of Brucella infections in marine mammals.
Topics: Male; Animals; Dolphins; Minke Whale; Orchitis; Japan; Brucellosis; Cetacea; Brucella
PubMed: 38267042
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0270