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Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam,... Jun 2024This study assessed the viability of an anion-exchange microbial fuel cell (MFC) for extracting electricity from palm oil mill effluent (POME), a major pollutant in...
This study assessed the viability of an anion-exchange microbial fuel cell (MFC) for extracting electricity from palm oil mill effluent (POME), a major pollutant in palm-oil producing regions due to increasing demand. The MFC incorporated a tubular membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an air core, featuring a carbon-painted carbon-cloth cathode, an anion exchange membrane (AEM), and a nonwoven graphite fabric (NWGF) anode. An additional carbon brush (CB) anode was placed adjacent to the tubular MEA. The MFC operated under semi-batch conditions with POME replacement every 7 days. Results showed superior performance of the AEM, with the highest power density (P) observed in POME-treated MFCs. Current and power density increased with CB addition; the best chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 73 %, decreasing from 1249 to 332 mg/L with three CBs. The P was 0.18 W/m(-|-) with 1000 mg/L COD and three CBs, dropping to 0.0031 W/m(-|-) without CB and at 410 mg/L COD. Anode resistance, calculated using organic matter supplementation, COD, and anode surface area, decreased with increased COD or surface area, improving electricity production. AEM and CB compatibility synergistically enhanced MFC performance, offering potential for POME wastewater treatment and energy recovery.
PubMed: 38943780
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108770 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024Newly designed and synthesized derivatives of pentaphenylbenzene with methoxy-substituted carbazolyl or diphenylamino moieties were investigated to estimate their...
Newly designed and synthesized derivatives of pentaphenylbenzene with methoxy-substituted carbazolyl or diphenylamino moieties were investigated to estimate their applicability as hole transport materials. Both the compounds exhibit high thermal stability. The intramolecular charge transfer is blocked for the film of the compound containing diphenylamino groups. The intermolecular charge transfer is induced in the film of carbazolyl-containing compound. The derivative of pentaphenylbenzene and diphenylamine exhibits higher hole drift mobility (2.4·10 cm/V·s at the electric field of 5.5·10 V/cm) and by 0.1 eV lower ionization potential than the carbazolyl-containing compound. Both the compounds were utilized as hole-transporting materials in a series of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. With the maximum values of external quantum efficiency of 25.9 % and power efficiency of 43.4 lm/W, OLEDs containing the layers of the synthesized compounds outperformed the device based on TCTA by 4 %, without the change in spectral properties. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed the moderate average roughness of the films of the compound deposited by the thermal vacuum evaporation technique with an arithmetic mean deviation of not more than 0.8 nm. The prominent hole transport characteristics of the compounds make them good candidates for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
PubMed: 38943758
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124713 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jun 2024Low methane production and long retention time are the main dilemmas in current anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS). This work used WAS as only...
Development of oriented multi-enzyme strengthens waste activated sludge disintegration and anaerobic digestion: Performance, components transformation and microbial communities.
Low methane production and long retention time are the main dilemmas in current anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS). This work used WAS as only substrate to prepare oriented multi-enzyme (ME) that directly used for WAS pretreatment. Under the optimal parameters, the highest activities of protease and amylase in ME could respectively reach 16.5 U/g and 580 U/g, and the corresponding methane production attained 197 mLCH/g VS, which was increased by 70.4% compared to blank group. It was found that ME pretreatment could strengthen WAS disintegration and organic matters dissolution, lead to the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was increased from the initial 486 mg/L to 2583 mg/L, and the corresponding volatile suspended solid (VSS) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were reduced by 27% and 73.8%, respectively. The results of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that protein disintegration may be the critical step during the process of WAS hydrolysis with ME, of which the release of tyrosine-like proteins achieved the better biodegradability of WAS, while the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the formation of protein derivatives was the main harmful factor that could extend the lag phase of AD process. Microbial communities analysis further suggested that ME pretreatment facilitated the enrichment of acetogenic bacteria and acetotrophic methanogens, which caused the transition of the methanogenesis pathway from hydrogenotrophic to acetotrophic. This study is expected to furnish valuable insight for ME pretreatment on enhancing WAS disintegration and methane production.
PubMed: 38943750
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121614 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jul 2024
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; Plant Growth Regulators; Arabidopsis
PubMed: 38943686
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16865 -
ChemPlusChem Jun 2024Axial modification of Boron (III) Subphthalocyanine bromide with 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid successfully led to the formation of macrocycle with anchored 4-carboxyphenoxy...
Axial modification of Boron (III) Subphthalocyanine bromide with 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid successfully led to the formation of macrocycle with anchored 4-carboxyphenoxy groups [RsPcPHBA] (R= tBu, H) in the axial position and a new dimer [sPcPHBAsPc] as minor product. Tri-tert-butyl and unsubstituted subphthalocyanines bearing benzoate ([tBusPcBA], [sPcBA]), phenoxy-group ([tBusPcOPh], [sPcOPh])) in the axial position, has been also investigated as control sPcs. All compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, UV-Vis and Mass spectrometry. The electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Singlet oxygen generation was systematically measured for all synthesized [RsPcX] by kinetic method of chemical trap decomposition (DPBF) and by determination of phosphorescence of singlet oxygen species (at 1270 nm). Axially modified subphthalocyanines exhibit high quantum yields of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation (0.47-0.62). The observed exceptional photostability in oxygen-saturated ethanol or toluene solutions and high 1O2 quantum yields allows to use [tBusPcPHBA] as photocatalysts of selective oxidative transformations of organic sulfides to sulfoxides. Loading the catalyst to 9.7·10-2 mol% made it possible to achieve complete conversion of the substrate (TON up to 1700).
PubMed: 38943622
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400319 -
Inorganic Chemistry Jun 2024Zwitterionic thiolate ligands have the potential to introduce novel assembly modes and functions for noble metal clusters. However, their utilization in the synthesis of...
Zwitterionic thiolate ligands have the potential to introduce novel assembly modes and functions for noble metal clusters. However, their utilization in the synthesis of silver clusters remains understudied, particularly for the clusters containing reductive Ag(0) species. In this article, we report the first synthesis of a mixed-valence silver(0/I) cluster protected by zwitterionic Tab as thiolate ligands (Tab = 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate), denoted as [Ag(Tab)](PF)·16CHOH·6EtO (·16CHOH·6EtO), alongside an Ag(I) cluster [Ag(Tab)(PhCOO)(MeCN)(HO)](PF)·11MeCN (·11MeCN). has a distinct hierarchical supratetrahedral structure with a central {Ag} kernel surrounded by four [Ag(Tab)] units. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra demonstrate that has two free electrons, indicating a superatomic core. has a drum-like [Ag(Tab)(PhCOO)(HO)] inner core capped by two tetrahedral-like [Ag(Tab)(PhCOO)(MeCN)] units. can be transformed into after its reaction with NaBH in solution. Antibacterial measurements reveal that has a significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration than that of the cluster. This work not only extends the stabilization of silver(0/I) clusters to neutral thiol ligands but also offers new materials for the development of novel antibacterial materials.
PubMed: 38943593
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01735 -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2024CRISPR/Cas systems are perspective molecular tools for targeted manipulation with genetic materials, such as gene editing, regulation of gene transcription, modification...
CRISPR/Cas systems are perspective molecular tools for targeted manipulation with genetic materials, such as gene editing, regulation of gene transcription, modification of epigenome etc. While CRISPR/Cas systems proved to be highly effective for correcting genetic disorders and treating infectious diseases and cancers in experimental settings, clinical translation of these results is hampered by the lack of efficient CRISPR/Cas delivery vehicles. Modern synthetic nanovehicles based on organic and inorganic polymers have many disadvantages, including toxicity issues, the lack of targeted delivery, and complex and expensive production pipelines. In turn, exosomes are secreted biological nanoparticles that exhibit high biocompatibility, physico-chemical stability, and the ability to cross biological barriers. Early clinical trials found no toxicity associated with exosome injections. In the recent years, exosomes have been considered as perspective delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas systems in vivo. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas stochastic packaging into exosomes for several human cell lines. Here, we show that Cas9 protein is effectively localized into the compartment of intracellular exosome biogenesis, but stochastic packaging of Cas9 into exosomes turns to be very low (~1%). As such, stochastic packaging of Cas9 protein is very ineffective and cannot be used for gene editing purposes. Developing novel tools and technologies for loading CRISPR/Cas systems into exosomes is needed.
Topics: Exosomes; Humans; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Gene Editing; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9
PubMed: 38943588
DOI: No ID Found -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2024Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) establishes latency mainly in B cells and causes lymphomas reminiscent of human gammaherpesvirus diseases in laboratory mice. To study...
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) establishes latency mainly in B cells and causes lymphomas reminiscent of human gammaherpesvirus diseases in laboratory mice. To study the molecular mechanism of virus infection and how the viral determinants control cell and eventually cause tumorigenesis, readily available latently infected cell lines are essential. For in vitro MHV68 latency studies, only two cell culture systems have been available. Gammaherpesviruses are known to infect developing B cells and macrophages, therefore we aimed to expand the MHV68 latently infected cell line repertoire. Here, several latently infected immature B cell and macrophage-like cell line clones were generated. Hygromycin-resistant recombinant MHV68 was isolated from a laboratory-made latent cell line, HE2.1, and propagated to develop stable cell lines that carry the viral genome under hygromycin selection. Subclones of these cells lines were analyzed for viral miRNA expression by TaqMan qPCR and assessed for expression of a lytic viral transcript M3. The cell lines maintain the viral genome as an episome shown by the digestion-circularization PCR assay. Latently infected cell lines generated here do not express viral miRNAs higher than the parental cell line. However, these cell lines may provide an alternative tool to study latency mechanisms and miRNA target identification studies.
Topics: Animals; Mice; MicroRNAs; Virus Latency; Genome, Viral; Hygromycin B; Macrophages; Rhadinovirus; RNA, Viral; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid; Herpesviridae Infections; Cinnamates
PubMed: 38943586
DOI: No ID Found -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2024Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland. Due to its oncostatic effect, it can be considered as an antitumor agent and...
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland. Due to its oncostatic effect, it can be considered as an antitumor agent and used for combination therapy. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, promotes cell death after treatment with agents that induce pro-apoptotic signals. In the present study, the combined effect of MEL and ABT-737 on changes in proliferative and mitotic activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytosolic Ca^(2+) was studied. Moreover, changes in the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax), autophagy markers (LC3A/B (I, II)), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (chaperones BIP and PDI, CHOP) were studied under these conditions. The effect of MEL together with ABT-737 led to an increase in the level of cytosolic Ca^(2+), intracellular production of ROS and a decrease in the membrane potential of mitochondria. The content of Bcl-2 increased, while the level of Bax decreased. Activation of CHOP stimulated autophagy and led to a decrease in the synthesis of chaperones BIP and PDI. It is assumed that melatonin can enhance the effect of other chemotherapeutic agents and can be used in the treatment of tumors.
Topics: Humans; Sulfonamides; Melatonin; Nitrophenols; Piperazines; Biphenyl Compounds; Reactive Oxygen Species; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Apoptosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; THP-1 Cells; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Drug Synergism; Autophagy; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Cell Proliferation; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Calcium; Neoplasm Proteins; Transcription Factor CHOP
PubMed: 38943585
DOI: No ID Found -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2024Current data on the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis fail to fully explain all stages of their development. Interactions between individual genes and...
Current data on the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis fail to fully explain all stages of their development. Interactions between individual genes and signaling pathways are known to play an important role in their functions. However, data on their relationships are insufficient and often contradictory. For the first time, mRNA expression of Notch1, Notch2, Yap1, Tweak (Tnfsf12), Fn14 (Tnfrsf12a), Ang, Vegfa, Cxcl12 (Sdf), Nos2, and Mmp-9 was studied in detail at several stages of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. A factor analysis isolated three factors, which combined highly correlated target genes. The first factor included four genes: Cxcl12 (r = 0.829, p < 0.05), Tweak (r = 0.841, p < 0.05), Notch1 (r = 0.848, p < 0.05), and Yap1 (r = 0.921, p < 0.05). The second factor described the correlation between Mmp-9 (r = 0.791, p < 0.05) and Notch2 (r = 0.836, p < 0.05). The third factor included Ang (r = 0.748, p < 0.05) and Vegfa (r = 0.679, p < 0.05). The Nos2 and Fn14 genes were not included in any of the factors. The gene grouping by mRNA expression levels made it possible to assume a pathogenetic relationship between their products in the development of fibrotic changes due to liver toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Rats; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Rats, Wistar; Male; Receptor, Notch1; RNA, Messenger; Chemokine CXCL12; Cytokine TWEAK; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Gene Expression Regulation; Liver Cirrhosis; Thioacetamide; Receptor, Notch2; Transcription Factors; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
PubMed: 38943584
DOI: No ID Found