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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Intraocular Pressure; Humans; Eplerenone; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Spironolactone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
PubMed: 38953137
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3151_23 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Administration, Oral; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Rifampin; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Propranolol; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
PubMed: 38953136
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3022_23 -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Jul 2024Dicarboxylate metallosurfactants (AASM), synthesized by mixing N-dodecyl aminomalonate, -aspartate and -glutamate with CaCl2, MnCl2 and CdCl2, were characterized by XRD,...
Dicarboxylate metallosurfactants (AASM), synthesized by mixing N-dodecyl aminomalonate, -aspartate and -glutamate with CaCl2, MnCl2 and CdCl2, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. Layered structures, formed by metallosurfactants, were evidenced from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. Solvent-spread monolayer of AASM in combination with soyphosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) were studied using Langmuir surface balance. With increasing mole fraction of AASM mean molecular area increased and passed through maxima at ~60 mol% of AASMs, indicating molecular packing reorganization. Systems with 20 and 60 mol% AASM exhibited positive deviations from ideal behavior signifying repulsive interaction between the AASM and SPC, while synergistic interactions were established from the negative deviation at other combinations. Dynamic surface elasticity increased with increasing surface pressure signifying formation of rigid monolayer. Transition of monolayer from gaseous to liquid expanded to liquid condensed state was established by Brewster angle microscopic studies. Stability of the hybrid vesicles, formed by AASM+SPC+CHOL, was established by monitoring their size, zeta potential and polydispersity index values over 100 days. Size and spherical morphology of hybrid vesicles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopic studies. Biocompatibility of the hybrid vesicles were established by cytotoxicity studies revealing their possible applications in drug delivery and imaging.
PubMed: 38953124
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400284 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2024The dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines to form amide bonds is typically catalysed by homogeneous transition metal catalysts at high temperatures ranging...
The dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines to form amide bonds is typically catalysed by homogeneous transition metal catalysts at high temperatures ranging from 130-140 °C. In our pursuit of an efficient and recyclable photocatalyst capable of conducting this transformation at room temperature, we report herein a COF-mediated dehydrogenative synthesis. The TTT-DHTD COF was strategically designed to incorporate a high density of functional units, specifically dithiophenedione, to trap photogenerated electrons and effectively facilitate hydrogen atom abstraction reactions. The photoactive TTT-DHTD COF, synthesized using solvothermal methods showed high crystallinity and moderate surface area, providing an ideal platform for heterogeneous amide synthesis. Light absorption by the COF across the entire visible range, narrow band gap, and valence band position make it well-suited for the efficient generation of excitons necessary for targeted dehydrogenation. Utilizing red light irradiation and employing extremely low loading of the COF, we have successfully prepared a wide range of amides, including challenging secondary amides, in good to excellent yields. The substrate's functional group tolerance, very mild reaction conditions, and the catalyst's significant recyclability represent substantial advancements over prior methodologies.
PubMed: 38953116
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410300 -
RSC Advances Jun 2024The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for wastewater treatment in continuous operation is a major challenge. To address this, the present study demonstrates the...
Non-derivatizing solvent assisted waste-derived cellulose/ MOF composite porous matrix for efficient metal ion removal: comprehensive analysis of batch and continuous packed-bed column sorption studies.
The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for wastewater treatment in continuous operation is a major challenge. To address this, the present study demonstrates the eco-friendly and economic synthesis of Ca-MOF immobilized cellulose beads (Ca-MOF-CB) derived from paper waste. The synthesized Ca-MOF-CB were characterized using standard analytical techniques. Batch sorption studies were performed to check the effect of cellulose composition (wt%), Ca-MOF loading, contact time, and initial metal ion (Pb, Cd, and Cu) concentration. Ca-MOF-CB beads exhibited outstanding equilibrium sorption capacities for Pb, Cd, and Cu, with estimated values of 281.22 ± 7.8, 104.01 ± 10.58, and 114.21 ± 9.68 mg g, respectively. Different non-linear isotherms and kinetic models were applied which confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic reactions for the physisorption of Pb, Cd, and Cu. Based on the highest equilibrium sorption capacity for Pb ion, in-depth parametric column studies were conducted in an indigenously developed packed-bed column set-up. The effect of packed-bed height (10 and 20 cm), inlet flow rate (5 and 10 mL min), and inlet Pb ion concentration (200, 300, and 500 mg L) were studied. The breakthrough curves obtained at different operating conditions were fitted with the empirical models the bed depth service time (BDST), Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Yan to estimate the column design parameters. In order to determine the financial implications at large-scale industrial operations, an affordable synthesis cost of 1 kg of Ca-MOF-CB was estimated. Conclusively, the present study showed the feasibility of the developed Ca-MOF-CB for the continuous removal of metal ions at an industrial scale.
PubMed: 38953057
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02566k -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Mast cell (MC) degranulation is a key process in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses. Aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)-derived endogenous sulfur dioxide...
OBJECTIVES
Mast cell (MC) degranulation is a key process in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses. Aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)-derived endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO) is an important regulator of MC function. However, the mechanism underlying its role in MC degranulation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which endogenous SO controlled MC degranulation.
METHODS
HMC-1 and Rat basophilic leukemia cell MC line (RBL-2H3) were used in the cell experiments. SO content was detected by fluorescent probe. MC degranulation represented by the release rate of MC β-hexosaminidase was determined using a colorimetric assay. Sulfenylation of galectin-9 (Gal-9) in MCs and purified protein was detected using a biotin switch assay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the exact sulfenylation sites of Gal-9 by SO. Animal models of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and hypoxia-driven pulmonary vascular remodeling were used to investigate the effect of SO on mast cell activation . Site-directed mutation of Gal-9 was conducted to confirm the exact site of SO and support the significance of SO/Gal-9 signal axis in the regulation of MC degranulation.
RESULTS
Degranulation was increased in AAT1-knockdowned MCs, and SO supplementation reversed the increase in MC degranulation. Furthermore, deficiency of endogenous SO contributed to IgE-mediated degranulation Besides, SO inhibited IgE-mediated and hypoxia-driven MC degranulation . Mechanistically, LC-MS/MS analysis and site-directed mutation results showed that SO sulfenylated Gal-9 at cysteine 74. Sulfenylation of the 74 cysteine of Gal-9 protein was required in the SO-inhibited MC degranulation under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
CONCLUSION
These findings elucidated that SO inhibited MC degranulation via sulfenylating Gal-9 under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which might provide a novel treatment approach for MC activation-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cell Degranulation; Mast Cells; Cysteine; Rats; Sulfur Dioxide; Humans; Galectins; Mice; Male; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Cell Line
PubMed: 38953022
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369326 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024More than 350,000 chemicals make up the chemical universe that surrounds us every day. The impact of this vast array of compounds on our health is still poorly...
INTRODUCTION
More than 350,000 chemicals make up the chemical universe that surrounds us every day. The impact of this vast array of compounds on our health is still poorly understood. Manufacturers are required to carry out toxicological studies, for example on the reproductive or nervous systems, before putting a new substance on the market. However, toxicological safety does not exclude effects resulting from chronic exposure to low doses or effects on other potentially affected organ systems. This is the case for the microbiome-immune interaction, which is not yet included in any safety studies.
METHODS
A high-throughput in vitro model was used to elucidate the potential effects of environmental chemicals and chemical mixtures on microbiome-immune interactions. Therefore, a simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) consisting of eight bacterial species was cultured in a bioreactor that partially mimics intestinal conditions. The bacteria were continuously exposed to mixtures of representative and widely distributed environmental chemicals, i.e. bisphenols (BPX) and/or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at concentrations of 22 µM and 4 µM, respectively. Furthermore, changes in the immunostimulatory potential of exposed microbes were investigated using a co-culture system with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
RESULTS
The exposure to BPX, PFAS or their mixture did not influence the community structure and the riboflavin production of SIHUMIx . However, it altered the potential of the consortium to stimulate human immune cells: in particular, activation of CD8 MAIT cells was affected by the exposure to BPX- and PFAS mixtures-treated bacteria.
DISCUSSION
The present study provides a model to investigate how environmental chemicals can indirectly affect immune cells via exposed microbes. It contributes to the much-needed knowledge on the effects of EDCs on an organ system that has been little explored in this context, especially from the perspective of cumulative exposure.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Phenols; Benzhydryl Compounds; Fluorocarbons; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Coculture Techniques; Environmental Pollutants; Bacteria
PubMed: 38953021
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298971 -
Research (Washington, D.C.) 2024Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy. However, high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response, leading to tumor...
Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy. However, high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response, leading to tumor self-protection, immunosuppression, metastasis, and recurrence. To address this issue, we reported a multifunctional photothermal nanoplatform to achieve mild hyperthermia photothermal therapy (mild PTT) based on cisplatin (DDP) and a ferrocene metal-organic framework (MOF-Fc) nanocomposite, which can specifically enhance ferroptosis-triggered oxidative stress levels and synchronously amplify mild hyperthermia PTT-mediated anticancer responses. Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic results verify the superiority of mild PTT with DDP/MOF-Fc@HA. The combination of DDP and MOF-Fc exhibits Fenton catalytic activity and glutathione depletion capacity, magnifying mild hyperthermia effects via the radical oxygen species (ROS)-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-HSP silencing pathway, with important implications for clinical hyperthermia therapy.
PubMed: 38952997
DOI: 10.34133/research.0397 -
PeerJ 2024Andrographolide (Andro), an extract of (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae), possesses diverse biologically active properties. However, the precise mechanisms and...
BACKGROUND
Andrographolide (Andro), an extract of (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae), possesses diverse biologically active properties. However, the precise mechanisms and effects of Andro on pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear.
METHODS
The cytotoxic potential of Andro and underlying mechanism towards PC cells was investigated through experiments and a xenograft mouse model. PC cells were first subjected to varying concentrations of Andro. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed using flow cytometry and DCFH-DA staining. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot was applied to evaluate the expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3, DJ-1, LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62. To further elucidate the involvement of ROS accumulation and autophagy, we employed N-acetylcysteine as a scavenger of ROS and 3-Methyladenine as an inhibitor of autophagy.
RESULTS
Andro demonstrated potent anti-proliferative effects on PC cells and induced apoptosis, both and . The cytotoxicity of Andro on PC cells was counteracted by DJ-1 overexpression. The reduction in DJ-1 expression caused by Andro led to ROS accumulation, subsequently inhibiting the growth of PC cells. Furthermore, Andro stimulated cytoprotective autophagy, thus weakening the antitumor effect. Pharmacological blockade of autophagy further enhanced the antitumor efficacy of Andro.
CONCLUSION
Our study indicated that ROS accumulation induced by the DJ-1 reduction played a key role in Andro-mediated PC cell inhibition. Furthermore, the protective autophagy induced by the Andro in PC cells is a mechanism that needs to be addressed in future studies.
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Diterpenes; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Autophagy; Protein Deglycase DJ-1; Animals; Humans; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Apoptosis; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Mice, Nude
PubMed: 38952980
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17619 -
PeerJ 2024This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can...
BACKGROUND
This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can provide a novel means of supporting the growth of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to improve biomass yield and acetification rate, and thereby promote more efficient and sustainable vinegar production. Moreover, the promising potential of LS and luffa sponge coated with κ-carrageenan (LSK) means they may represent effective alternatives for the co-production of industrially valuable bioproducts, for example bacterial cellulose (BC) and acetic acid.
METHODS
LS and LSK were employed as adsorbents for UMCC 2951 in a submerged semi-continuous acetification process. Experiments were conducted under reciprocal shaking at 1 Hz and a temperature of 32 °C. The performance of the two systems (LS-AAB and LSK-AAB respectively) was evaluated based on cell dry weight (CDW), acetification rate, and BC biofilm formation.
RESULTS
The use of LS significantly increased the biomass yield during acetification, achieving a CDW of 3.34 mg/L versus the 0.91 mg/L obtained with planktonic cells. Coating LS with κ-carrageenan further enhanced yield, with a CDW of 4.45 mg/L. Acetification rates were also higher in the LSK-AAB system, reaching 3.33 ± 0.05 g/L d as opposed to 2.45 ± 0.05 g/L d for LS-AAB and 1.13 ± 0.05 g/L d for planktonic cells. Additionally, BC biofilm formation during the second operational cycle was more pronounced in the LSK-AAB system (37.0 ± 3.0 mg/L, as opposed to 25.0 ± 2.0 mg/L in LS-AAB).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that LS significantly improves the efficiency of the acetification process, particularly when enhanced with κ-carrageenan. The increased biomass yield, accelerated acetification, and enhanced BC biofilm formation highlight the potential of the LS-AAB system, and especially the LSK-AAB variant, in sustainable and effective vinegar production. These systems offer a promising approach for small-scale, semi-continuous acetification processes that aligns with eco-friendly practices and caters to specialized market needs. Finally, this innovative method facilitates the dual production of acetic acid and bacterial cellulose, with potential applications in biotechnological fields.
Topics: Carrageenan; Acetobacter; Biomass; Acetic Acid; Luffa; Adsorption; Cellulose; Biofilms
PubMed: 38952965
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17650