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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Feb 2024This article provides a comprehensive overview of benign non-odontogenic pathologies. Bone-derived lesions like osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and... (Review)
Review
This article provides a comprehensive overview of benign non-odontogenic pathologies. Bone-derived lesions like osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and osteochondroma are discussed in detail, emphasizing their radiographic features, locations, and treatment strategies. Cartilage-derived lesions such as chondroma, chondroblastoma, and chondromyxoid fibroma are also examined, noting their typical presentation and management approaches. The article then delves into fibroconnective tissue lesions. Mesenchymal and vascular lesions are detailed regarding their clinical and radiographic characteristics and treatment options. Lastly, nerve-derived lesions like schwannoma and neurofibroma are covered, providing insights into their association with diseases like neurofibromatosis and preferred management strategies.
PubMed: 38402139
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.01.007 -
Radiology Case Reports May 2024We report a case of tibial osteochondroma in a 25-year-old female who presented with a palpable calf mass. This mass was associated with a thick cartilaginous cap on...
We report a case of tibial osteochondroma in a 25-year-old female who presented with a palpable calf mass. This mass was associated with a thick cartilaginous cap on cross-sectional imaging, suggesting chondrosarcoma. A CT-guided biopsy was performed, and histology, however, was consistent with osteochondroma. Orthopedic oncology recommended surgical excision due to the potential high sampling error with chondroid lesions. The patient underwent surgical resection, resulting in a final diagnosis of osteochondroma. No post-surgical complications occurred, and a 12-month follow-up showed no evidence of local recurrence. This case highlights the atypical imaging feature of a thick cartilaginous cap in a benign etiology without malignant transformation.
PubMed: 38384709
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.01.039 -
Radiologia 2024Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or...
Cartilaginous tumours are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterised by the presence of a chondroid matrix, with lobular growth and arcuate, ring-like or popcorn-like calcification patterns. MRI shows hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences and a lobulated or septal relief in postcontrast images. In the WHO 2020 classification, chondral tumours are classified as benign, intermediate or malignant. Despite technological advances, they continue to pose a challenge for both the radiologist and the pathologist, being the main difficulty the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, which is why they require a multidisciplinary approach. This paper describes the main changes introduced in the 2020 update, describes the imaging characteristics of the main cartilaginous tumours and provides the radiological keys to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours.
Topics: Humans; Chondrosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Radiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; World Health Organization
PubMed: 38365355
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.05.006 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Feb 2024Multiple osteochondromas is genetic disorder characterized by the formation of multiple benign cartilage-capped bone tumors, named osteochondromas, during skeletal...
BACKGROUND
Multiple osteochondromas is genetic disorder characterized by the formation of multiple benign cartilage-capped bone tumors, named osteochondromas, during skeletal development. The most feared complication is the secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma, a malignant cartilaginous neoplasm that arises from the chondroid cap of pre-existent osteochondromas. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients diagnosed and followed up from 1960 to 2019 to describe the clinical and pathological features of individuals affected by peripheral chondrosarcoma in multiple osteochondromas, to evaluate follow up information and individual outcome and to compare the results with literature. Data, including age, gender, site, histological grade, cartilage cap thickness, surgical treatments, surgical margins, genotype mutational status as well as treatment details were captured from the hospital electronic health records and from Registry of Multiple Osteochondromas. In addition, a complete histological review of all hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections has been performed by expert pathologists.
RESULTS
One hundred five of the screened cases were included in the present study. The age at diagnosis of SPC ranges from 13 to 63, with median age at diagnosis of 34 years. The site most frequently affected by malignant degeneration was the pelvis (46 patients, 44%) with higher incidence in male patients (32 males vs.14 females). The second one was lower limbs (including femur, fibula, or tibia), identified in 35 patients. Histological information - available for 103 patients - showed: 59 patients with grade 1; 40 patients had a grade 2 and 4 patients had a grade 3. The most common surgical treatment was the complete resection, followed by debulking, amputation and partial resection. Most of cases did not have recurrence of the disease. Outcome in disease-free survival highlights that a worse course of the disease was associated with histological grade 2 or 3, and partial resection surgery. In most of analyzed cases (94%) a pathogenic variant was identified.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the present study gives an overview of the secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas, confirming that this disease represents an impacting complication for multiple osteochondromas patients and suggests that malignant transformation can occur also in younger patient, in a not irrelevant number of cases.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary; Retrospective Studies; Chondrosarcoma; Osteochondroma; Disease-Free Survival; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 38351015
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03006-8 -
Asian Journal of Surgery May 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Bone Neoplasms; Ligaments; Osteochondroma; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prostheses and Implants; Scapula
PubMed: 38331606
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.01.169 -
JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques Feb 2024
PubMed: 38323210
DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.09.001 -
Cureus Jan 2024Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that usually occur between the ages of 10 and 30, with no marked gender preference. These lesions result from the separation of...
Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that usually occur between the ages of 10 and 30, with no marked gender preference. These lesions result from the separation of the epiphyseal growth plate and are categorized as growth plate development abnormalities rather than true neoplasms. It is important to note that long-term solitary osteochondromas can evolve into osteosarcomas, with chondrosarcoma being the most common among them. However, the risk of recurrence is considerably reduced if the tumor is completely resected from its original site, with no residual perichondrium or cartilage cap left in place. In this context, a 29-year-old man with osteochondroma in the distal femur was successfully treated with complete resection, showing a favorable evolution.
PubMed: 38318570
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51714 -
The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery 2024The interosseous part of the distal tibia is one of the regions in which osteochondroma can occur. Osteochondroma typically occurs among growing children and causes...
The interosseous part of the distal tibia is one of the regions in which osteochondroma can occur. Osteochondroma typically occurs among growing children and causes gradual ankle deformity by its pressure effect on the fibula. We presented six patients (Five boys and one girl with median age of 13 years old) with distal tibial interosseous osteochondroma. They were treated by a 180̊ fibular osteotomy around its longitudinal axis just proximal and distal to the lesion. All patients were treated without any complication except for one who developed non-union of the site of the fibular osteotomy. In the last follow-up, all the patients were pain-free, and no recurrence was reported. Various methods have been described for resecting interosseous osteochondroma of the distal tibia, with or without fibular osteotomy and with or without acute correction of ankle deformity during resection surgery. Still, there is no consensus over the best method for resecting such lesions.
PubMed: 38318302
DOI: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.73288.3395 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry Jan 2024Small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules known as micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) control post-transcriptional gene regulation. A change in miRNA expression is related...
Small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules known as micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) control post-transcriptional gene regulation. A change in miRNA expression is related to various diseases, including bone tumors. Benign bone tumors are categorized based on matrix production and predominant cell type. Osteochondromas and giant cell tumors are among the most common bone tumors. Interestingly, miRNAs can function as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, thereby determining the fate of a tumor. In the present review, we discuss various bone tumors with regard to their prognosis, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. The association between miRNAs and bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and giant-cell tumors, is also discussed. Moreover, miRNA may play an important role in tumor proliferation, growth, and metastasis. Knowledge of the dysregulation, amplification, and deletion of miRNA can be beneficial for the treatment of various bone cancers. The miRNAs could be beneficial for prognosis, treatment, future drug design, and treatment of resistant cases of bone cancer.
PubMed: 38299295
DOI: 10.2174/0109298673284932231226110754