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Toxicology Letters Jun 2024Increasing epidemiological evidence has shown that PM exposure is significantly associated with the occurrence of osteoporosis. It has been well demonstrated that PM...
Increasing epidemiological evidence has shown that PM exposure is significantly associated with the occurrence of osteoporosis. It has been well demonstrated that PM exposure enhanced the differentiation and function of osteoclasts by indirectly causing chronic inflammation, while the mechanism in osteoblasts remains unclear. In our study, toxic effects were evaluated by direct exposure of 20-80μg/ml PM to MC3T3-E1 cells and BMSCs. The results showed that PM exposure did not affect cell viability via proliferation and apoptosis, but significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Sp7 and other biomarkers Alp and Ocn decreased after PM exposure. RNA-seq revealed TGF-β signaling was involved in PM exposure inhibited osteoblast differentiation, which led to P-Smad1/5 and P-Smad2 reduction in the nucleus by increasing the ubiquitination and degradation of Smad4. At last, the inflammation response increased in MC3T3-E1 cells with PM exposure. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Mmp9 increased in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells treated with the conditional medium collected from MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to PM. Overall, these results indicated that PM exposure inhibits osteoblast differentiation and concurrently increases the maturation of osteoclasts. Our study provides in-depth mechanistic insights into the direct impact of PM exposure on osteoblast, which would indicate the unrecognized role of PM on osteoporosis.
PubMed: 38914176
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.06.010 -
Nanoscale Jun 2024Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties and bio-stability, is considered a promising alternative to traditional metal-based...
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties and bio-stability, is considered a promising alternative to traditional metal-based implants. However, the inferior bactericidal activity and the limited angiogenic and osteogenic properties of PEEK remain the three major obstacles to osseointegration . To overcome these obstacles, in this work, a versatile heterostructured nanocoating was conceived and equipped on PEEK. This nanocoating was designed to endow PEEK with the ability of photo-activated pathogen disinfection, along with enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis, effectively addressing the triple-barrier challenge towards osseointegration. The crafted nanocoating, encompassing diverse nutritional metal elements (Fe, Mg, and Sr) and a fusion peptide adept at promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis, was seamlessly decorated onto PEEK. The engineered implant exhibited an antibacterial activity of over 94% upon near-infrared illumination by virtue of the photothermal conversion of the polyphenol nanocoating. Simultaneously, the decorated hierarchical nanocoatings synergistically promoted cellular adhesion and proliferation and up-regulated angiogenesis-/osteogenesis-associated cytokine expression in endothelial/osteoblast cells, resulting in superior angiogenic differentiation and osteoinductive capability . Moreover, an assay in a rabbit femoral defect model revealed that the decorated implant can achieve ameliorative osseointegrative fixation. Collectively, this work offers a practical and instructive clinical strategy to address the triple-barrier challenge associated with PEEK-based implants.
PubMed: 38913123
DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01453g -
International Journal of Biomaterials 2024Periodontitis therapy employing nanomaterials with submicron sizes holds promise for enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating periodontal cell proliferation. This study...
INTRODUCTION
Periodontitis therapy employing nanomaterials with submicron sizes holds promise for enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating periodontal cell proliferation. This study aims to assess the potential of nanoparticle-based rice husk liquid smoke (-RHLS) in an animal model of periodontitis by evaluating the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-k (RANK), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-k ligand (RANKL).
METHODS
Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were inoculated with 10 CFU/ml of in the sulcus mandibular incisor region to create periodontitis and subsequently treated with n-RHLS while the control with saline. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the mandibular incisor to assess OPG, RANK, and RANKL expression 2 and 7 days after treatment.
RESULTS
OPG expression exhibited a significant increase at both 2 and 7 days, while RANKL expression decreased notably after 7 days of treatment using n-RHLS ( < 0.05). In contrast, RANK expression did not show significant differences compared to the control groups ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Nanostructured liquid smoke derived from rice husk nanoparticles (-RHLS) demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis, especially on OPG/RANK/RANKL expression, by modulating OPG and RANKL expression to support periodontal tissue health.
PubMed: 38912518
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5015893 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration and Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study...
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration and Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated the upregulation of circFgfr2 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of circFgfr2 in DFCs osteogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the subcellular localization of circFgfr2 in DFCs using fluorescence hybridization. investigations demonstrated that circFgfr2 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By integrating the outcomes of bioinformatics analyses, dual luciferase reporter experiments, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, we identified circFgfr2 as a sponge for miR-133a-3p, a key regulator of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, miR-133a-3p suppressed osteogenic differentiation by targeting DLX3 and RUNX2 in DFCs. We validated that circFgfr2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs through the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 axis. To further investigate the therapeutic potential of circFgfr2 in bone regeneration, we conducted experiments and histological analyses. Overall, these results confirmed the crucial role of circFgfr2 in promoting osteogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the circFgfr2/miR-133a-3p/DLX3 pathway acts as a cascade, thereby identifying circFgfr2 as a promising molecular target for bone tissue engineering.
PubMed: 38912473
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32498 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2024The reconstitution of form and function after maxillofacial tumor resection or traumatic bony defects is a challenge when considering reconstructive options. The...
INTRODUCTION
The reconstitution of form and function after maxillofacial tumor resection or traumatic bony defects is a challenge when considering reconstructive options. The reconstructive options will depend upon whether the tissues to be replaced included bone alone or both bone and soft tissue (composite resection).
METHODOLOGY
This study was carried out on nine patients who with benign tumors or cysts of the mandible that required segmental resection. Mandibular reconstruction using mandibular transport distraction osteogenesis was performed for all the cases. Depending on whether the condyle was spared or sacrificed, the type of mandibular transport distractor either fixed on the remnant condyle-ramus unit or had a condylar component replacing the resected condyles. Depending on the location of the defect, transport distraction was carried our anterior to posterior or posterior to anterior.
RESULTS
A total of nine cases of benign mandibular pathologies were operated. Segmental resection with condylar preservation was carried out in seven cases, segmental resection with condylar resection was carried out in two cases. In cases with condylar resection, the reconstruction plate of the distractor device had a condylar component. Anterior to posterior transport distraction was carried out in seven cases, and posterior to anterior transport distraction carried out in two cases. The amount of distracted bone ranged from 38 to 46 mm.
CONCLUSION
Mandibular transport distraction osteogenesis offers a modality of reconstruction where the patient's native host bone is osteotomized and gradually distracted to induce the formation of regenerated osseous structure and soft tissue. Being cost-effective, not requiring a steep learning curve/long operative time, and not technically demanding as vascularized bone grafts/flaps, it is feasible in the Indian setup as a practical reconstructive option for benign jaw tumors.
PubMed: 38911433
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01923-6 -
Cureus May 2024Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical objectives in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis are to establish joint movement, prevent relapse, and achieve normal growth and development. Here, we present an operated case ofsurgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia; however, the patient came back after three years due to unsatisfactory results and underwent bilateral coronoidectomy and gap arthroplasty. Bones were osteotomized at the LeFort I level and the maxillary segment was down-fractured and mobilized to bring into occlusion with the mandible. In the present case, the lower pharyngeal airway changed from 5 mm pre-treatment to 10 mm post-treatment, and the facial angle was changed from 73 to 84 post-treatment. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway is done with a high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea and facial deformity is mandatory in the management of TMJ ankylosis.
PubMed: 38910750
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60857 -
Cureus May 2024Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is generally characterised by a complex aetiology, with several contributing causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases,...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is generally characterised by a complex aetiology, with several contributing causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, and congenital anomalies. This case report describes a three-year-old female suffering from traumatic temporomandibular ankylosis with retrognathia, severe mouth-opening restriction, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present case highlights the difficulties with TMJ ankylosis, especially when access to healthcare is sought out late and delayed diagnosis is prevalent. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis and awake fiberoptic intubation were used in the surgical and anaesthetic management of this case, with the otorhinolaryngology team on standby to perform a tracheostomy if required, highlighting the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in such cases. Patients with TMJ ankylosis have significant life-altering changes, including psychological stress, chewing difficulty, speech difficulties, facial distortion, and speech impediment. When OSA progresses, it also presents more health risks. For the purpose of treating TMJ ankylosis, avoiding serious problems, and enhancing patient well-being, prompt diagnosis and therapy are crucial. In order to optimise patient results, this case study highlights the need for knowledge and research in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis as well as the requirement of medical professionals working together in a synergistic way.
PubMed: 38910731
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60828 -
Cureus May 2024Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare inherited skeletal disease, characterized by bone fragility and low bone density. There are several types of OI, varying in...
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare inherited skeletal disease, characterized by bone fragility and low bone density. There are several types of OI, varying in severity from benign to severe. We report a case of type II OI, which is a lethal form according to the Sillence classification. At birth, the newborn presented immediate respiratory distress. Postnatal examination and bone radiography confirmed the diagnosis of OI type IIA. The genetic analysis was done along with genetic counseling. Death occurred on day nine of life due to respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia.
PubMed: 38910652
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60945 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Jun 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive osteoarthropathy in the elderly. Osteoclast activation plays a crucial role in the occurrence of subchondral bone loss in...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive osteoarthropathy in the elderly. Osteoclast activation plays a crucial role in the occurrence of subchondral bone loss in early OA. However, the specific mechanism of osteoclast differentiation in OA remains unclear. In our study, gene expression profiles related to OA disease progression and osteoclast activation were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. GEO2R and Funrich analysis tools were employed to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses demonstrated that chemical carcinogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and response to oxidative stress were mainly involved in osteoclast differentiation in OA subchondral bone. Furthermore, fourteen DEGs that are associated with oxidative stress were identified. The first ranked differential gene, heme oxygenase 1 (), was selected for further validation. Related results showed that osteoclast activation in the pathogenesis of OA subchondral bone is accompanied by the downregulation of . Carnosol was revealed to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by targeting and upregulating the expression of antioxidant protein in vitro. Meanwhile, carnosol was found to alleviate the severity of OA by inhibiting the activation of subchondral osteoclasts in vivo. Our research indicated that the activation of osteoclasts due to subchondral bone redox dysplasia may serve as a significant pathway for the advancement of OA. Targeting in subchondral osteoclasts may offer novel insights for the treatment of early OA.
Topics: Heme Oxygenase-1; Osteoarthritis; Osteoclasts; Humans; Animals; Oxidative Stress; Cell Differentiation; Osteogenesis; Male; Mice; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38910496
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300303 -
Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024Multiple genetic and environmental etiologies contribute to the pathogenesis of cleft palate, which is the most common of the inherited disorders of the craniofacial...
Multiple genetic and environmental etiologies contribute to the pathogenesis of cleft palate, which is the most common of the inherited disorders of the craniofacial complex. Insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation and patterning in the palate during embryogenesis are limited and needed for the development of innovative diagnostics and cures. This study used the mouse model with a consistent phenotype of cleft secondary palate to investigate the role of in the process of palatal osteogenesis. Although prior research has identified the upregulation of Wnt pathway modulators and in palate mesenchyme, limitations of spatial resolution and technology restricted a more robust analysis. Here, data from single-nucleus transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility assays validated by in situ highly multiplex targeted single-cell spatial profiling technology suggest a distinct relationship between and osteogenic populations. Loss of results in spatially restricted osteogenic domains bounded by , which normally interfaces with in the mesenchyme. Moreover, the loss of leads to a disruption in the normal osteodifferentiaion of palatal osteogenic mesenchymal cells. These results suggest that Pax9-dependent Wnt signaling modulators influence osteogenic programming during palate formation, potentially contributing to the observed cleft palate phenotype.
PubMed: 38910391
DOI: 10.1177/00220345241256600