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Nutrients May 2023Evidence-based dietary advice regarding meats (including beef), requires accurate assessment of beef and other red meat intakes across life stages. Beef intake is...
Evidence-based dietary advice regarding meats (including beef), requires accurate assessment of beef and other red meat intakes across life stages. Beef intake is subject to misclassification due to the use of broad categories such as "red and processed meat". In the current study, intake trends for total beef (i.e., any beef type) and specific beef types (fresh lean, ground, processed) among Americans participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018 ( = 74,461) were characterized and usual intake was assessed using NHANES 2011-2018 ( = 30,679). The usual intake amounts of beef were compared to those of relevant protein food subgroups modeled in the Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern (HDP) reported in the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Total per capita beef consumption declined an average of 12 g ( < 0.0001) for ages 2-18 years and 5.7 g ( = 0.0004) for ages 19-59 years per 2-yr NHANES cycle, over the 18-year timeframe, while remaining unchanged for Americans aged 60+ years. On a per capita basis, Americans aged 2 years and older consumed 42.2 g (1.5 ounces) of total beef per day. Fresh lean beef per capita consumption was 33.4 g (1.2 ounces) per day. Per capita intake was similar across all age groups and below the daily HDP modeled amount of 3.7 ounce equivalents for the "Meats, Poultry, Eggs" (MPE) subgroup, while approximately 75% of beef consumers' intakes of total beef was within HDP modeling. Evidence from intake trends suggests beef is not overconsumed by the majority of Americans but rather within the amounts for MPE and red meat modeled in the HDP of the DGA at the 2000-calorie level.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cattle; United States; Nutrition Surveys; Diet; Energy Intake; Meat; Red Meat; Poultry
PubMed: 37299438
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112475 -
Nutrients May 2023Pregnancy is a vulnerable time where the lives of mother and baby are affected by diet, especially high-risk pregnancies in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)....
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy is a vulnerable time where the lives of mother and baby are affected by diet, especially high-risk pregnancies in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Limited research has examined diet during pregnancy with IBD.
AIMS
Describe and compare the diet quality of pregnant women with and without IBD, and examine associations between dietary intake and guidelines during pregnancy.
METHODS
Three 24 h recalls were utilized to assess the diets of pregnant women with IBD ( = 88) and without IBD ( = 82) during 27-29 weeks of gestation. A customized frequency questionnaire was also administered to measure pre- and probiotic foods.
RESULTS
Zinc intake ( = 0.02), animal protein (g) ( = 0.03), and ounce equivalents of whole grains ( = 0.03) were significantly higher in the healthy control (HC) group than the IBD group. Nutrients of concern with no significant differences between groups included iron (3% IBD and 2% HC met the goals), saturated fat (only 1% of both groups met the goals), choline (23% IBD and 21% HC met the goals), magnesium (38% IBD and 35% HC met the goals), calcium (48% IBD and 60% HC met the goals), and water intake (49% IBD and 48% HC met the goals).
CONCLUSIONS
Most pregnant women in this cohort fell short of the dietary nutrients recommended in pregnancy, especially concerning for women with IBD.
Topics: Animals; Female; Pregnancy; United States; Humans; Pregnant Women; Diet; Eating; Nutritional Status; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 37299427
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112464 -
PloS One 2023The goal of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes is to raise the prices of SSBs to decrease consumption. Price promotions play an important role in the sales of SSBs and...
The goal of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes is to raise the prices of SSBs to decrease consumption. Price promotions play an important role in the sales of SSBs and could potentially be used by manufacturers to weaken the impact of such taxes. The purpose of this study is to determine how price promotions changed after the introduction of the 2017 Oakland SSB tax. A difference-in-differences study design was used to compare changes in prices and the prevalence and amount of price promotions for beverages in Oakland, California, relative to Sacramento, California, using two different datasets. Nielsen Retail Scanner data included price promotions for beverages sold and store audit data included price promotions offered by retailers. Changes were analyzed for SSBs, noncalorically sweetened beverages, and unsweetened beverages. After the implementation of the tax, the prevalence of price promotions for SSBs did not change significantly in Oakland relative to the comparison site of Sacramento. However, the depth of price promotions increased by an estimated 0.35 cents per ounce (P<0.001) based on the Nielsen retail scanner data and by 0.39 cents per ounce (P<0.001) based on the store audit data. This increase in the amount by which SSBs were price promoted following the introduction of the Oakland SSB tax may reflect a strategy by manufacturers to weaken the tax and/or retailers to bolster demand.
Topics: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Sugars; Beverages; Taxes; Commerce
PubMed: 37294798
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285956 -
The American Surgeon Oct 2023Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) remain a leading, preventable cause of death in the United States. The present study evaluated patient demographics, operative...
BACKGROUND
Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) remain a leading, preventable cause of death in the United States. The present study evaluated patient demographics, operative characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and resource utilization between patients with SIGSW and other GSW.
METHODS
The 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients ≥16 years old admitted following gunshot wounds. Patients were categorized as SIGSW if they were injured through self-harm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of SIGSW on outcomes. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality with complications, costs, and length of stay secondarily considered.
RESULTS
Of an estimated 157,795 surviving to hospital admission, 14,670 (9.30%) were SIGSW. Self-inflicted gunshot wounds were more commonly female (18.1 vs 11.3%), insured by Medicare (21.1 vs 5.0%), and white (70.8 vs 22.3%) (all P < .001) compared to non-SIGSW. Psychiatric illness was more prevalent in SIGSW (46.0 vs 6.6%, P < .001). Additionally, SIGSW more frequently underwent neurologic (10.7 vs 2.9%) and facial operations (12.5 vs 3.2%) (both P < .001). After adjustment, SIGSW was associated with greater odds of mortality (AOR: 12.4, 95% CI: 10.4-14.7). Length of stay (β: +1.5 days, 95% CI: .8-2.1) and costs (β: +$3.6 K, 95% CI: 1.4-5.7) were significantly greater in SIGSW.
CONCLUSIONS
Self-inflicted gunshot wounds are associated with increased mortality compared to other GSW, likely due to the increased proportion of injuries in the head and neck region. This lethality, coupled with the high prevalence of psychiatric illness in this population, indicates that efforts must be made to intervene through primary prevention, including enhanced screening and weapon safety considerations for those at risk.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; United States; Adolescent; Firearms; Wounds, Gunshot; Medicare; Self-Injurious Behavior; Hospitalization; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37208921
DOI: 10.1177/00031348231177927 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Mar 2023Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are...
Liver diseases are now the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality profile globally with rising trends due to unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the liver diseases are preventable. Scientific evidences have well supported and documented that almost 90 percent of all major liver diseases are either the manifestations of asymptomatic hepatitis virus infections or poor lifestyle choices leading to accumulation of fat in liver that could be detected even before they present themselves as chronic liver diseases. Understanding liver diseases as a preventable disease and practising necessary preventive measures will help in lowering the risks of various types of liver diseases as well as liver cancer.
PubMed: 37122647
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2225_22 -
Current Cardiology Reports Jun 2023With increased electrocardiogram screening, asymptomatic preexcitation has become more prevalent. Historically, the asymptomatic-symptomatic dichotomy has directed... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
With increased electrocardiogram screening, asymptomatic preexcitation has become more prevalent. Historically, the asymptomatic-symptomatic dichotomy has directed management. This approach warrants scrutiny, as asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is not without risk. Children may be unreliable symptom reporters, have atypical arrhythmia symptoms, yet have years to become symptomatic.
RECENT FINDINGS
In a large WPW study, symptomatic patients were more likely to undergo ablation than asymptomatic patients, yet, except for symptoms, there were no differences in clinical or electrophysiology study (EPS) characteristics. Present data confirm real risk in asymptomatic WPW-sudden death can be the first symptom. Although malignant arrhythmias correlate better with EPS risk stratification than with symptoms, EPS data are imperfect predictors. Unlike adults with WPW, children have yet to prove survivorship. Asymptomatic children must be treated differently than adults. Sudden death risk is low but front-loaded in the young. An aggressive approach to asymptomatic WPW is warranted in this era of highly successful, low-risk catheter ablations.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Death, Sudden; Catheter Ablation; Electrocardiography
PubMed: 37115433
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01879-6 -
European Journal of Nutrition Sep 2023To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose,...
PURPOSE
To assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, and blood pressure.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis used data from 22,687 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) involved in seven cycles (2005-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated by the Multiple Source Method using data from two 24-h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific effect estimates were obtained using logistic and linear regressions adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders.
RESULTS
Compared to non-consumers, female, but not male, habitual consumers of either nuts or seeds had lower odds of having metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97). Both nut intake alone and seed intake alone were inversely associated with high fasting glucose and low HDL-cholesterol in females compared to non-consumers. When restricted to habitual consumers only, the combined intake of nuts and seeds at 6 g/day was associated with the lowest triglycerides and highest HDL-cholesterol in females. Combined consumption of nuts and seeds up to one ounce-equivalent (15 g) per day, but not in higher intake levels, was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol in females.
CONCLUSIONS
Nut and seed consumption, both separately or combined, below 15 g/day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in females but not males.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Female; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys; Nuts; Obesity, Abdominal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Diet; Triglycerides; Seeds; Cholesterol, HDL; Glucose
PubMed: 37115204
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03157-1 -
Nutrients Apr 2023Requirements for iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of infant formula varies by country. Powdered full-term infant formula purchase data from all major physical...
Requirements for iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of infant formula varies by country. Powdered full-term infant formula purchase data from all major physical stores in the US between 2017-2019 were obtained from CIRCANA, Inc. Iron and DHA composition and scoop sizes for each formula were obtained from manufacturers. The equivalent liquid ounces of prepared formula were calculated. Average iron and DHA content were compared between formula types and to both US and European formula composition requirements. These data represent 55.8 billion ounces of formula. The average iron content of all formula purchased was: 1.80 mg/100 kcal. This iron concentration is within the FDA regulations. However, it exceeds the maximum allowable iron concentration of infant formula (Stage 1) set by the European Commission of 1.3 mg/100 kcal. A total of 96% of formula purchased had an iron concentration of >1.3 mg/100 kcal. DHA is not a required ingredient in US formulas. The average DHA content of all formula purchased was: 12.6 mg/100 kcal. This DHA concentration is far below the minimum required DHA concentrations of infant formula (Stage 1) and follow-on formula (Stage 2) set by the European Commission of 20 mg/100 kcal. These are novel insights into the iron and DHA intake of formula-fed infants in the US. As international infant formulas have entered the US market due to the formula shortage, parents and providers need to be aware of regulatory differences in formula nutrient composition.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Infant Formula; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Nutritional Requirements; Milk, Human
PubMed: 37111031
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081812 -
Health Equity 2023To examine racial/ethnic differences in dietary behaviors, diet quality, body mass, and the perceived availability of healthful foods in one's neighborhood among mothers...
Disparities in Perceived Availability of Healthful Foods, Dietary Behaviors, Diet Quality, and Obesity Among Mothers from Low-Income Households: Additional Evidence in the Call for Broader Approaches to Obesity Prevention.
PURPOSE
To examine racial/ethnic differences in dietary behaviors, diet quality, body mass, and the perceived availability of healthful foods in one's neighborhood among mothers from low-income California households.
METHODS
Cross-sectional telephone surveys of mothers from randomly sampled households with incomes ≤185% federal poverty level in 2018 and 2019 using a validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Dietary outcomes were cups of fruits and vegetables, ounces of sugar-sweetened beverages, teaspoons of added sugars, and kilocalories consumed the previous day. Diet quality was assessed by calculating Health Eating Index-2015 scores. Supplemental survey items assessed mothers' weight and height. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated with a BMI of 30 or higher considered obese. Perceived availability of fresh fruits and vegetables and healthy foods in general within one's neighborhood was recorded.
RESULTS
The analytic sample of 9200 mothers was 66.3% Latina, 17.3% white, 12.6% African American, and 3.8% Asian American, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander (AANHPI). African American mothers consumed the fewest cups of fruits and vegetables and the most teaspoons of added sugars, reported poor diet quality, and had the highest obesity rate, 54.7% versus 46.9% for Latinas, 39.9% for whites, and 23.5% for AANHPIs. Accordingly, a greater proportion of African Americans reported limited availability of fresh fruits and vegetables and healthy foods in general in their neighborhood.
CONCLUSION
Findings are interpreted in light of recent calls for broader approaches to address health disparities, including strategies that focus on inequalities in racial/ethnic socioeconomic status and systemic racism.
PubMed: 37096054
DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0127 -
PLOS Global Public Health 2023Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are a promising strategy to decrease SSB consumption, and their inequitable health impacts, while raising revenue to meet social...
BACKGROUND
Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are a promising strategy to decrease SSB consumption, and their inequitable health impacts, while raising revenue to meet social objectives. In 2016, San Francisco passed a one cent per ounce tax on SSBs. This study compared SSB consumption in San Francisco to that in San José, before and after tax implementation in 2018.
METHODS & FINDINGS
A longitudinal panel of adults (n = 1,443) was surveyed from zip codes in San Francisco and San José, CA with higher densities of Black and Latino residents, racial/ethnic groups with higher SSB consumption in California. SSB consumption was measured at baseline (11/17-1/18), one- (11/18-1/19), and two-years (11/19-1/20) after the SSB tax was implemented in January 2018. Average daily SSB consumption (in ounces) was ascertained using the BevQ-15 instrument and modeled as both continuous and binary (high consumption: ≥6 oz (178 ml) versus low consumption: <6 oz) daily beverage intake measures. Weighted generalized linear models (GLMs) estimated difference-in-differences of SSB consumption between cities by including variables for year, city, and their interaction, adjusting for demographics and sampling source. In San Francisco, average SSB consumption in the sample declined by 34.1% (-3.68 oz, p = 0.004) from baseline to 2 years post-tax, versus San José which declined 16.5% by 2 years post-tax (-1.29 oz, p = 0.157), a non-significant difference-in-differences (-17.6%, adjusted AMR = 0.79, p = 0.224). The probability of high SSB intake in San Francisco declined significantly more than in San José from baseline to 2-years post-tax (AOR[interaction] = 0.49, p = 0.031). The difference-in-differences of odds of high consumption, examining the interaction between cities, time and poverty, was far greater (AOR[city*year 2*federal poverty level] = 0.12, p = 0.010) among those living below 200% of the federal poverty level 2-years post-tax.
CONCLUSIONS
Average SSB intake declined significantly in San Francisco post-tax, but the difference in differences between cities over time did not vary significantly. Likelihood of high SSB intake declined significantly more in San Francisco by year 2 and more so among low-income respondents.
PubMed: 36963015
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001219