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Rhinology Jul 2024Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) frequently leads to olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the impact of dupilumab on CRSwNP patients,...
BACKGROUND
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) frequently leads to olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the impact of dupilumab on CRSwNP patients, focusing on olfactory outcomes and potential correlations with other clinical factors.
METHODS
CRSwNP patients eligible for dupilumab therapy received subcutaneous Dupixent® injections every two weeks (300mg/2ml dupilumab). The 12-item Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST-12), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and Nasal Polyp Score (NPS) were assessed at baseline and after one, three, and six months. Patients also completed the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) weekly.
RESULTS
26 CRSwNP patients were included. After one month, dupilumab led to substantial reductions in FeNO, SNOT scores, andNPS, whereas SST-12 scores improved significantly only after three months. A shift toward normosmia occurred, with 81% achieving normosmia after six months, and a drop in anosmia prevalence to 9.5%. Significant negative correlations between olfaction (SST-12) and polyp severity (NPS) at baseline and after six months were found, while no significant correlations were observed between SST-12 and FeNO or SNOT scores. Age did not correlate with olfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Dupilumab demonstrated efficacy in restoring olfaction in CRSwNP patients. Reaching normosmia in over 80% ofpatients after six months of treatment underscores the drug's effectiveness in managing this challenging symptom.
PubMed: 38949841
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin23.476 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jul 2024O-Assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (O-ODHP) could convert abundant shale gas into propylene as an important chemical raw material, meaning O-ODHP has... (Review)
Review
O-Assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (O-ODHP) could convert abundant shale gas into propylene as an important chemical raw material, meaning O-ODHP has practical significance. Thermodynamically, high temperature is beneficial for O-ODHP; however, high reaction temperature always causes the overoxidation of propylene, leading to a decline in its selectivity. In this regard, it is crucial to achieve low temperatures while maintaining high efficiency and selectivity during O-ODHP. The use of catalytic technology provides more opportunities for achieving high-efficiency O-ODHP under mild conditions. Up to now, many kinds of catalytic systems have been elaborately designed, including transition metal oxide catalysts (such as vanadium-based catalysts, molybdenum-based catalysts, ), transition metal-based catalysts (such as Pt nanoclusters), rare earth metal oxide catalysts (especially CeO related catalysts), and non-metallic catalysts (BN, other B-containing catalysts, and C-based catalysts). In this review, we have summarized the development progress of mainstream catalysts in O-ODHP, aiming at providing a clear picture to the catalysis community and advancing this research field further.
PubMed: 38949820
DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01948b -
Nano Letters Jul 2024The simultaneous detection of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and wavelength offers new opportunities for optical multiplexing. However, because of the dispersion of...
The simultaneous detection of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and wavelength offers new opportunities for optical multiplexing. However, because of the dispersion of lens functions for Fourier transformation, the mode conversions at distinct wavelengths cannot be achieved in the same plane. Here we propose an ultracompact achromatic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated OAM mode detector. Specifically, a spatial multiplexed scheme, randomly interleaving the phase distributions for distributing the superposed OAM modes into preset positions at distinct wavelengths, is presented. In addition, such a nanoprinted achromatic OAM detector featuring a microscale size and a short focal length can be integrated onto a CMOS chip. Consequently, the four-bit incident light beams at three discrete wavelengths (633, 532, and 488 nm) can be distinguished with a high degree of accuracy evaluated by the average standardized Euclidean distance of ∼0.75 between the analytical and target results. Our results showcase a miniaturized platform for achieving high-capacity information processing.
PubMed: 38949784
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02063 -
ASAIO Journal (American Society For... Jul 2024Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) devices are increasingly used in treating acute-on-chronic respiratory failure caused by chronic lung diseases. There are...
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) devices are increasingly used in treating acute-on-chronic respiratory failure caused by chronic lung diseases. There are no large studies that investigated safety, efficacy, and the independent association of prognostic variables to survival that could define the role of ECCO2R devices in such patients. This multicenter, multinational, retrospective study investigated the efficacy, safety of a single ECCO2R device (Hemolung) in patients with acute on chronic respiratory failure and identified variables independently associated with intensive care unit (ICU) survival. The primary outcome was improvement in blood gasses with the use of Hemolung. Secondary outcomes included reduction in tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, survival to ICU discharge, and complication profile. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify variables that are independently associated with ICU survival. A total of 62 patients were included. There was a significant improvement in pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) along with a reduction in respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation with Hemolung therapy. The complication profile did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Multivariable analysis identified the duration of Hemolung therapy to be independently associated with survival to ICU discharge (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.040-1.518; p = 0.01).
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Respiratory Insufficiency; Carbon Dioxide; Aged; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Intensive Care Units; Treatment Outcome; Adult; Tidal Volume
PubMed: 38949772
DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000002155 -
Journal of Fluorescence Jul 2024Cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) obtained through TEMPO oxidation was structurally characterized using FT-IR (Fourier Transformed Infrared) and SEM (Scanning Electron...
Cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) obtained through TEMPO oxidation was structurally characterized using FT-IR (Fourier Transformed Infrared) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) spectroscopy. The molecular aggregation and spectroscopic properties of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) in CNFs suspension were investigated using molecular absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The interaction between CNFs particles in the aqueous suspension and the cationic dye compound was examined in comparison to its behavior in deionized water. This interaction led to significant changes in the spectral features of Rh-B, resulting in an increase in the presence of H-dimer and H-aggregate in CNFs suspension. The H-type aggregates of Rh-B in CNFs suspensions were defined by the observation of a blue-shifted absorption band compared to that of the monomer. Even at diluted dye concentrations, the formation of Rh-B's H-aggregate was observed in CNFs suspension. The pronounced aggregation in suspensions originated from the strong interaction between negatively charged carboxylate ions and the dye. The aggregation behavior was discussed with deconvoluted absorption spectra. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies revealed a significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of the dye in CNFs suspension due to H-aggregates. Furthermore, the presence of H-aggregates in the suspensions caused a decrease in the quantum yield of Rh-B compared to that in deionized water.
PubMed: 38949753
DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03824-4 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the feasibility of Vicia faba grown on different fly ash concentrations (0-30%) and dual inoculation with...
Morphological and biochemical responses of Vicia faba (faba beans) grown on fly ash amended soil in the presence of Rhizobium leguminosarum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the feasibility of Vicia faba grown on different fly ash concentrations (0-30%) and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Sampling was done 45 days after sowing to analyse the plant growth parameters, photosynthetic attributes (total chlorophyll and carotenoids content), protein content, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, defensive factors (antioxidant activity and proline content) and damage markers (lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and cell viability). The results revealed that the application of fly ash (FA) alone did not result in any significant improvement in growth, biochemical and physiological parameters. However, dual inoculation showed a synergistic impact on legume growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, and cell viability. Rhizobium, AMF and 10% FA showed maximum enhancement in all attributes mentioned. 20% and 30% fly doses showed a reduction in growth, photosynthesis and antioxidants and caused oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the synergistic or combined interactions between all three variables of the symbiotic relationship (Rhizobium-legume-AMF) boosted plant productivity.
PubMed: 38949734
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34154-4 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024The presence of phenazopyridine in water is an environmental problem that can cause damage to human health and the environment. However, few studies have reported the...
The presence of phenazopyridine in water is an environmental problem that can cause damage to human health and the environment. However, few studies have reported the adsorption of this emerging contaminant from aqueous matrices. Furthermore, existing research explored only conventional modeling to describe the adsorption phenomenon without understanding the behavior at the molecular level. Herein, the statistical physical modeling of phenazopyridine adsorption into graphene oxide is reported. Steric, energetic, and thermodynamic interpretations were used to describe the phenomenon that controls drug adsorption. The equilibrium data were fitted by mono, double, and multi-layer models, considering factors such as the numbers of phenazopyridine molecules by adsorption sites, density of receptor sites, and half saturation concentration. Furthermore, the statistical physical approach also calculated the thermodynamic parameters (free enthalpy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy). The maximum adsorption capacity at the equilibrium was reached at 298 K (510.94 mg g). The results showed the physical meaning of adsorption, indicating that the adsorption occurs in multiple layers. The temperature affected the density of receptor sites and half saturation concentration. At the same time, the adsorbed species assumes different positions on the adsorbent surface as a function of the increase in the temperature. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic functions revealed increased entropy with the temperature and the equilibrium concentration.
PubMed: 38949732
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34115-x -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established therapy used for the treatment of cutaneous skin cancers and other non-infective ailments. There has been recent interest in...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established therapy used for the treatment of cutaneous skin cancers and other non-infective ailments. There has been recent interest in the opportunity to use aPDT (antimicrobial PDT) to treat skin and soft tissue infections. PDT utilizes photosensitizers that infiltrate all cells and "sensitize" them to a given wavelength of light. The photosensitizer is simply highly absorbent to a given wavelength of light and when excited will produce, in the presence of oxygen, damaging oxygen radicals and singlet oxygen. Bacterial cells are comparatively poor at combatting oxidative stress when compared with human cells therefore a degree of selective toxicity can be achieved with aPDT.In this chapter, we outline methodologies for testing aPDT in vitro using standard lab equipment.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Humans; Singlet Oxygen; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38949700
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3981-8_6 -
Neurotoxicity Research Jun 2024Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by the accumulation of glycine (Gly) predominantly in the... (Review)
Review
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism biochemically characterized by the accumulation of glycine (Gly) predominantly in the brain. Affected patients usually manifest with neurological symptoms including hypotonia, seizures, epilepsy, lethargy, and coma, the pathophysiology of which is still not completely understood. Treatment is limited and based on lowering Gly levels aiming to reduce overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Mounting in vitro and in vivo animal and human evidence have recently suggested that excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics disruption induced by Gly are relevant mechanisms involved in the neuropathology of NKH. This brief review gives emphasis to the deleterious effects of Gly in the brain of patients and animal models of NKH that may offer perspectives for the development of novel adjuvant treatments for this disorder.
Topics: Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic; Animals; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Energy Metabolism; Glycine; Brain
PubMed: 38949693
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00711-5 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jul 2024The mechanism of oxidation of phenols by tetrahedral copper(II)-halide complexes was investigated to demonstrate that phenols with an electron-withdrawing substituent...
The mechanism of oxidation of phenols by tetrahedral copper(II)-halide complexes was investigated to demonstrate that phenols with an electron-withdrawing substituent are oxidized a proton-transfer/electron-transfer (PTET) mechanism, whereas phenols with an electron-donating substituent involve a concerted proton/electron transfer (CPET) mechanism. The importance of the tetrahedral geometry of the metal centre as well as the effects of the halide ligands of the substrates were explored.
PubMed: 38949670
DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02483d