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American Journal of Clinical Oncology Feb 2012To evaluate the pathologic complete response (CR) rate and safety of paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX), cisplatin, and concurrent radiation for patients with esophageal cancer.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the pathologic complete response (CR) rate and safety of paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX), cisplatin, and concurrent radiation for patients with esophageal cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction with no evidence of distant metastasis received PPX (50 mg/m(2)/wk) and cisplatin (25 mg/m(2)/wk) for 6 weeks with 50.4 Gy concurrent radiation. Six to eight weeks after completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients underwent surgical resection.
RESULTS
Forty patients were enrolled, 37 patients with adenocarcinoma and 3 patients with squamous cell cancer. The treatment-related grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities included esophagitis (7%), nausea (7%), and fatigue (5%). Three patients with clinical endoscopic CR (2 with squamous cell cancer) refused surgery. Twelve of the remaining 37 patients (32%) had a pathologic CR. The 12 patients with pathologic CR all had adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSION
PPX, cisplatin, and concurrent radiation are well tolerated, easily administered regimen for esophageal cancer with a low incidence of significant esophagitis and a high pathologic CR rate consistent with the preclinical data of PPX and radiation.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Cisplatin; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Drug Administration Schedule; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagitis; Esophagogastric Junction; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Paclitaxel; Polyglutamic Acid; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21297434
DOI: 10.1097/COC.0b013e318201a126 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine Oct 2010The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, highly water-soluble poly(L-γ-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel nanoconjugate (PGG-PTX) that would improve the...
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, highly water-soluble poly(L-γ-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel nanoconjugate (PGG-PTX) that would improve the therapeutic index of paclitaxel (PTX). PGG-PTX is a modification of poly(L-glutamic acid)- paclitaxel conjugate (PGA-PTX) in which an additional glutamic acid has been added to each glutamic side chain in the polymer. PGG-PTX has higher water-solubility and faster dissolution than PGA-PTX. Unlike PGA-PTX, PGG-PTX self-assembles into nanoparticles, whose size remains in the range of 12-15 nm over the concentration range from 25 to 2,000 μg/mL in saline. Its critical micellar concentration in saline was found to be ~25 μg/mL. The potency of PGG-PTX when tested in vitro against the human lung cancer H460 cell line was comparable to other known polymer-PTX conjugates. However, PGG-PTX possesses lower toxicity compared with PGA-PTX in mice. The maximum tolerated dose of PGG-PTX was found to be 350 mg PTX/kg, which is 2.2-fold higher than the maximum tolerated dose of 160 mg PTX/kg reported for the PGA-PTX. This result indicates that PGG-PTX was substantially less toxic in vivo than PGA-PTX.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Nude; Nanoconjugates; Nanomedicine; Paclitaxel; Particle Size; Polyglutamic Acid; Proteins; Solubility
PubMed: 21042550
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S13482 -
Methods and Findings in Experimental... 2010A-3309, Abobotulinumtoxin A, Adalimumab, AIDSVAX gp120 B/E, ALVAC E120TMG, Atorvastatin calcium; Bepridil, Bevacizumab; Candesartan cilexetil, Capecitabine, Cetuximab,...
A-3309, Abobotulinumtoxin A, Adalimumab, AIDSVAX gp120 B/E, ALVAC E120TMG, Atorvastatin calcium; Bepridil, Bevacizumab; Candesartan cilexetil, Capecitabine, Cetuximab, Clopidogrel; Dapagliflozin, Dasatinib, Denosumab, Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, Diacetylmorphine, Diannexin, Docetaxel, Dutasteride; Entecavir, Eplerenone, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Everolimus, Ezetimibe; Fesoterodine fumarate, Flagellin.HuM2e, Fluzone; Glimepiride/rosiglitazone maleate; Hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel bioconjugate; IDX-184, Imatinib mesylate, Infliximab, Insulin glargine, Irbesartan; JX-594; Landiolol, Latrunculin B, Levocetirizine dihydrochloride, Liraglutide, Lyprinol; Metformin, Metronidazole/tetracycline hydrochloride/bismuth biskalcitrate, Mipomersen sodium, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Nalfurafine hydrochloride, Nilotinib hydrochloride monohydrate; Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Paclitaxel poliglumex, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Perospirone hydrochloride, Pimavanserin tartrate, Pirfenidone, Pitavastatin calcium, Prasterone, Prasugrel, Pregabalin, Ranelic acid distrontium salt, Ranibizumab, Remimazolam, Risedronate, Rosuvastatin calcium; Silodosin, Silybin phosphatidylcholine complex, Sirolimus-eluting stent, Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, Sorafenib, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Tamsulosin hydrochloride, Technosphere/insulin, Telmisartan, Temsirolimus, Teriparatide, Thymalfasin, Ticagrelor, Toltedorine-XR, Tramadol-XR, Triphosadenine, Trospium-XR; Val8-GLP-1(7-37)OH, Valsartan, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Varenicline tartrate, Velaglucerase alfa; Zoledronic acid monohydrate.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 20852754
DOI: 10.1358/mf.2010.32.6.1538165 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Apr 2010A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of paclitaxel in rat plasma was developed and validated...
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of paclitaxel in rat plasma after intravenous administration of poly(L-glutamic acid)-alanine-paclitaxel conjugate.
A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of paclitaxel in rat plasma was developed and validated using docetaxel as an internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether was used to extract the drug and the internal standard from plasma. The separation of paclitaxel was performed on a C(18) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water:formic acid (65:35:0.1, v/v/v) over 5min. The assay was based on the selected reaction monitoring transitions at m/z of the precursor-product ion transitions m/z 854.2-->286.1 for paclitaxel and 808.3-->527.2 for internal standard. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5ng/mL based on 100microL of plasma. Intra- and inter-day assay variations were less than 15%, and the accuracy values were between 95.4 and 105.4%. The extraction recoveries ranged from 96.7 to 103.7% across the calibration curve range. The method was successfully applied to measurement of low concentrations of paclitaxel or regenerated paclitaxel in plasma after intravenous administration of a single dose (10mg/kg) of a poly(l-glutamic acid)-alanine-paclitaxel conjugate to rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Stability; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Paclitaxel; Polyglutamic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 20036092
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.030 -
Anti-cancer Drugs Apr 2010Taxanes remain the only agents to extend survival in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, but their impact on the natural history of this disease is modest....
A phase II study of paclitaxel poliglumex in combination with transdermal estradiol for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel chemotherapy.
Taxanes remain the only agents to extend survival in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, but their impact on the natural history of this disease is modest. We sought to test the hypothesis that increased delivery of taxane chemotherapy to the tumor through the use of a macromolecular polymer-drug conjugate of paclitaxel modulated by estradiol could extend the utility of this class of drugs. Patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate who progressed despite standard hormonal therapy and after docetaxel-containing chemotherapy were treated with transdermal estradiol (0.2 mg/24 h) for 4 weeks followed by the same dose of transdermal estradiol and paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX; 150 mg/m intravenous) every 28 days. The primary objective was to determine the level of activity of the regimen measured using a fraction of patients who experienced a confirmed decline in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 50% or more. A two-stage phase II study designed to identify a response rate of > or =25% required three responders among 21 patients in the first stage. Twenty-one patients who received a median of two earlier chemotherapy regimens were enrolled in the trial between March 2007 and May 2008. During the estradiol-only treatment phase, no patient had a PSA decline in excess of 50% and lesser PSA declines that ranged from 8.8 to 34.1% were seen in five patients. No patients achieved a > or =50% PSA decline following the addition of PPX and there were no responses in measurable disease. The median time to progression was 4 weeks. In conclusion, this regimen of low-dose transdermal estradiol induction followed by PPX does not have activity in taxane pretreated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Docetaxel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Orchiectomy; Paclitaxel; Polyglutamic Acid; Prostatic Neoplasms; Taxoids
PubMed: 20016365
DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3283355211 -
Methods and Findings in Experimental... Apr 2009(+)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride, [(123)I]-BZA, 9-Aminocamptothecin; Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Adalimumab, Adefovir dipivoxil, Alemtuzumab, Alvocidib hydrochloride,...
(+)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride, [(123)I]-BZA, 9-Aminocamptothecin; Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Adalimumab, Adefovir dipivoxil, Alemtuzumab, Alvocidib hydrochloride, Ambrisentan, Amsilarotene, Anacetrapib, Anakinra, Apricitabine, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Atazanavir sulfate, Atazanavir/ritonavir, Atrasentan, Azacitidine; Banoxantrone, Bazedoxifene acetate, Bevacizumab, Bexarotene, Biphasic insulin aspart, Bortezomib, Bosentan, Bromfenac; Cachectin, Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, Canakinumab, Carfilzomib, CAT-354, CCX-282, Certolizumab pegol, Cetuximab, Choline fenofibrate, Clevudine, Clofarabine, CNTO-328, Corifollitropin alfa, Crofelemer; Daptomycin, Darbepoetin alfa, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Decitabine, Deferasirox, Denosumab, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Emtricitabine, Enfuvirtide, Entecavir, Epoetin zeta, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Eszopiclone, Etravirine, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe, Ezetimibe/simvastatin; Farglitazar, Febuxostat, Fosamprenavir calcium, FX-06; Gabapentin enacarbil, Gefitinib; HIVIS DNA; Imatinib mesylate, INCB- 18424, Indacaterol, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Insulin detemir; JNJ-26854165; Lacosamide, Landiolol, Laromustine, Lenalidomide, Liposomal doxorubicin, L-NAME, Lopinavir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Lumiracoxib; Maraviroc, Mepolizumab, Methoxy polyethylene glycol- epoetin-beta, Miglustat, MK-0493, MVA-CMDR, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Natalizumab, Nepafenac, Neratinib, Neridronic acid, Nesiritide, Nilotinib hydrochloride monohydrate; Olmesartan medoxomil, Omacetaxine mepesuccinate, Omalizumab; Paclitaxel poliglumex, Palifermin, Patupilone, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Peginterferon alfa-2b/ ribavirin, Pemetrexed disodium, PHA-848125, Pitavastatin calcium, Posaconazole, Povidone-iodine liposome complex, Prasugrel, Pregabalin, Prucalopride; Raltegravir potassium, Retigabine, Revaprazan hydrochloride, rhFSH, Rilpivirine, Rivaroxaban, Romidepsin, Rosuvastatin calcium, RWJ-676070; SAR-109659, Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, Sorafenib, Stavudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Telaprevir, Telbivudine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz, Teriparatide, Tigecycline, Tiotropium bromide, Tipifarnib, Tipranavir, Tocilizumab, Trifluridine/TPI; UP-780; Vandetanib, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Vatalanib succinate, Vitespen, Vorinostat; Yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan; Zoledronic acid monohydrate.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 19536362
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Lung Cancer Mar 2009Antitubulin agents are among the most active drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. The taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel are highly active and frequently... (Review)
Review
Antitubulin agents are among the most active drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. The taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel are highly active and frequently used for adjuvant therapy after resection of localized disease and in combination with radiation for locally advanced disease and treatment of patients with advanced disease. Despite their benefits, these drugs have significant problems, including toxicity and limited efficacy. Recently, new taxane formulations and novel antitubulin agents have been developed. In some cases, these drugs have reduced toxicity with preserved efficacy. In other cases, these agents have potentially unique activity and have now advanced to late-stage trials. This review evaluates 2 novel paclitaxel formulations, albumin-bound paclitaxel and paclitaxel poliglumex. New antimicrotubulin agents, including the epothilones, colchicine-binding antivascular agents, and vinca alkaloids, are also discussed.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bibenzyls; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Epothilones; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Paclitaxel; Polyglutamic Acid; Tubulin Modulators; Vinblastine; Vinorelbine
PubMed: 19362944
DOI: 10.3816/CLC.2009.s.005 -
Methods and Findings in Experimental... Oct 2008Gateways to clinical trials is a guide to the most recent trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the...
Gateways to clinical trials is a guide to the most recent trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity(R), the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: (+)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride, (S)-Tenatoprazole sodium salt monohydrate 19-28z, Acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate, ADV-TK, AE-37, Aflibercept, Albinterferon alfa-2b, Aliskiren fumarate, Asenapine maleate, Axitinib; Bavituximab, Becatecarin, beta-1,3/1,6-Glucan, Bevacizumab, Bremelanotide; Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, Casopitant mesylate, Catumaxomab, CDX-110, Cediranib, CMD-193, Cositecan; Darinaparsin, Denosumab, DP-b99, Duloxetine hydrochloride; E75, Ecogramostim, Elacytarabine, EMD-273063, EndoTAG-1, Enzastaurin hydrochloride, Eplerenone, Eribulin mesilate, Esomeprazole magnesium, Etravirine, Everolimus, Ezetimibe; Faropenem daloxate, Febuxostat, Fenretinide; Ghrelin (human); I-131 ch-TNT-1/B, I-131-3F8, Iclaprim, Iguratimod, Iloperidone, Imatinib mesylate, Inalimarev/Falimarev, Indacaterol, Ipilimumab, Iratumumab, Ispinesib mesylate, Ixabepilone; Lapatinib ditosylate, Laquinimod sodium, Larotaxel dehydrate, Linezolid, LOR-2040; Mapatumumab, MKC-1, Motesanib diphosphate, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; NK-012; Olanzapine pamoate, Oncolytic HSV, Ortataxel; Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Paclitaxel poliglumex, Paliperidone palmitate, Panitumumab, Patupilone, PCV-9, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Pertuzumab, Picoplatin, Pimavanserin tartrate, Pimecrolimus, Plerixafor hydrochloride, PM-02734, Poly I:CLC, PR1, Prasugrel, Pregabalin, Progesterone caproate, Prucalopride, Pumosetrag hydrochloride; RAV-12, RB-006, RB-007, Recombinant human erythropoietin alfa, Rimonabant, Romidepsin; SAR-109659, Satraplatin, Sodium butyrate; Tadalafil, Talampanel, Tanespimycin, Tarenflurbil, Tariquidar, Taurine, Tecovirimat, Telatinib, Telavancin hydrochloride, Telcagepant, Terameprocol, Tesofensine, Tetrodotoxin, Tezampanel, Tipifarnib, TPI-287, Tremelimumab; Valspodar, Vatalanib succinate, VCL-CB01, vCP1452, Vorinostat; XL-228; Ziprasidone hydrochloride.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 19088949
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Jul 2009Paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX, also called Xyotax or CT-2103) is a water soluble macromolecular drug conjugate that links paclitaxel with a biodegradable polymer,...
BACKGROUND
Paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX, also called Xyotax or CT-2103) is a water soluble macromolecular drug conjugate that links paclitaxel with a biodegradable polymer, poly-L-glutamic acid. The recommended phase II dose of PPX every 3 week is 235 mg/m(2) administered over a 10-min infusion without premedication. This study was designed to determine the MTD and pharmacology of PPX administered weekly to patients with solid malignancies.
METHODS
The starting dose of weekly PPX was 20 mg/m(2). Each cycle consists of 6 weekly treatments with pharmacokinetics of PPX (the conjugated paclitaxel) and unconjugated paclitaxel obtained after the first and sixth dose. Three to six patients were enrolled at each dose level. Toxicity and response were assessed by the NCI Common Toxicity criteria version 2 and RECIST criteria, respectively.
RESULTS
Twenty-six patients were treated with PPX at the following dose levels: 20 mg/m(2) (five patients), 40 mg/m(2) (four patients), 60 mg/m(2) (four patients), 70 mg/m(2) (eight patients) and 80 mg/m(2) (five patients). Dose-limiting toxicities, consisting of grade 3 neutropenia, occurred in the 80 mg/m(2) cohort during cycle 1. Therefore, the dose recommended for phase II studies was 70 mg/m(2). In this cohort, a single dose-limiting event, consisting of diarrhea, was seen. Neuropathy and fatigue were the most common toxicities. No objective responses were noted. Pharmacokinetics was dose-proportional, and the degree of neutropenia related to drug exposure, but not to peak plasma concentration. There was no significant accumulation of conjugated or unconjugated paclitaxel with this dosing schedule.
CONCLUSIONS
The recommended dose of PPX for subsequent disease-directed studies is 70 mg/m(2) weekly.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Paclitaxel; Polyglutamic Acid; Prognosis; Salvage Therapy; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19034451
DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0869-5 -
Gynecologic Oncology Dec 2008To estimate the anti-tumor activity and toxicity of paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX) in patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal...
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the anti-tumor activity and toxicity of paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX) in patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC) in second or third line treatment.
METHOD
Twenty-five patients received PPX at 235 mg/m(2) every 21 days (Cohort 1). At a planned analysis following first stage accrual, the dose was reduced to 175 mg/m(2) Cohort 2) for additional accrual to 78 patients. RECIST and CTC toxicity criteria were used.
RESULTS
Patients received PPX in the second line (15%) and third line (85%) setting. In cohort 2, 25 out of 47 determined cases (53%) were platinum resistant and 17 out of 43 determined cases (40%) were taxane-resistant. The overall response rates for cohort 2 were 0/49 (0%) CR, 8/49 (16%) PR, and 20/49 (41%) SD. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months (95% CI 1.48-4.8 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 15.4 months. The most frequent grade III or IV toxicities in cohort 2 were: neutropenia (24%/20%), constitutional (8%/0%), gastrointestinal (6%/0%), and neuropathy (24%/0%).
CONCLUSION
PPX at 175 mg/m(2) every 21 days has a modest activity of limited duration when given as second or third line therapy in patients with epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer. The incidence of neuropathy using this dose in recurrent ovarian cancer is higher than predicted from studies in other tumors with PPX. The Gynecology Oncology Group (GOG) is currently exploring its use at 135 mg/m(2) every 28 days in a randomized trial evaluating maintenance chemotherapy in first remission.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cohort Studies; Disease-Free Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms; Paclitaxel; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Polyglutamic Acid
PubMed: 18829087
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.049