-
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Mar 2024<b>Background and Objective:</b> White turmeric essential oil (WTEO) is known to have high commercial value since it has been used to improve immunological...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> White turmeric essential oil (WTEO) is known to have high commercial value since it has been used to improve immunological function, increase blood circulation, ease toxin clearance and stimulate digestion. However, there is no standard to regulate the specific characteristics of white turmeric essential oil. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop an analytical technique for WTEO authentication from vegetable oils, namely palm oil (PO), coconut oil (VCO) and soybean oil (SO), using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics, as well as GC-MS spectroscopy. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The WTEO was obtained by hydrodistillation method. Pure WTEO and vegetable oils were scanned in the MIR region (4000-650 cm<sup>1</sup>) of FTIR spectroscopy and the spectra were further analyzed using chemometrics. <b>Results:</b> The extraction yielded 0.103% v/w WTEO, a dark purple color with a specific pungent odor. Discriminant analysis separated pure WTEO and adulterated WTEO with 100% accuracy at wave numbers 4000-650 cm<sup>1</sup>. The best PLS regressions to quantify SO, VCO, PO and concentration in WTEO were at wave numbers 4000-1100, 1400-1050 and 2100-650 cm<sup>1</sup>, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The FTIR and chemometrics combination effectively authenticates white turmeric essential oil from any possible adulterants, such as vegetable oil.
Topics: Curcuma; Oils, Volatile; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Chemometrics; Plant Oils; Food Contamination
PubMed: 38686738
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.160.167 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The mechanisms by which alcohol, alcoholic beverages, and their de-alcoholized derivatives affect animal physiology, metabolism, and gut microbiota have not yet been... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The mechanisms by which alcohol, alcoholic beverages, and their de-alcoholized derivatives affect animal physiology, metabolism, and gut microbiota have not yet been clarified. The polyphenol, monosaccharide, amino acid, and organic acid contents of four common alcoholic beverages (Chinese Baijiu, beer, Chinese Huangjiu, and wine) and their de-alcoholized counterparts were analyzed. The research further explored how these alcoholic beverages and their non-alcoholic versions affect obesity and gut microbiota, using a high-fat diet bee model created with 2% palm oil (PO). The results showed that wine, possessing the highest polyphenol content, and its de-alcoholized form, particularly when diluted five-fold (WDX5), markedly improved the health markers of PO-fed bees, including weight, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in blood lymphocytes. WDX5 treatment notably increased the presence of beneficial microbes such as , , and , while decreasing abundance. Moreover, WDX5 was found to closely resemble sucrose water (SUC) in terms of gut microbial function, significantly boosting short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide metabolism, and associated enzymatic pathways, thereby favorably affecting metabolic regulation and gut microbiota stability in bees.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet, High-Fat; Alcoholic Beverages; Polyphenols
PubMed: 38675513
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081693 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2024The hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is a very important material, due to the significant concentration of pentoses present in its composition and that...
The hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is a very important material, due to the significant concentration of pentoses present in its composition and that can be used sustainably in biotechnological processes such as the production of fumaric acid. Research efforts are currently being promoted for the proper disposal and valorization of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from oil palm. In this work, seventeen Rhizopus species were evaluated in a fermentation medium with EFB hydrolyzate, without detoxification, as a carbon source for fumaric acid production. Rhizopus circicans 1475 and Rhizopus 3271 achieved productions of 5.65 g.L and 5.25 g.L of fumaric acid at 30 °C, 120 rpm for 96 h, respectively. The percentage of consumed sugars, mainly pentoses, was 24.88% and 34.02% for R. circicans 1475 and R 3271, respectively. Soy peptone and ammonium sulfate were evaluated as nitrogen sources, where soy peptone stimulated the formation of biomass pellets while ammonium sulfate produced mycelia and clamps.
Topics: Rhizopus; Fermentation; Fumarates; Culture Media; Biomass; Fruit; Hydrolysis; Palm Oil; Arecaceae
PubMed: 38671219
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01322-0 -
PeerJ 2024This study investigated the potential of using steam-exploded oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a renewable feedstock for producing fumaric acid (FA), a food... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study investigated the potential of using steam-exploded oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a renewable feedstock for producing fumaric acid (FA), a food additive widely used for flavor and preservation, through a separate hydrolysis and fermentation process using the fungal isolate K20. The efficiency of FA production by free and immobilized cells was compared. The maximum FA concentration (3.25 g/L), with 0.034 g/L/h productivity, was observed after incubation with the free cells for 96 h. Furthermore, the production was scaled up in a 3-L air-lift fermenter using oil palm EFB-derived glucose as the substrate. The FA concentration, yield, and productivity from 100 g/L initial oil palm EFB-derived glucose were 44 g/L, 0.39 g/g, and 0.41 g/L/h, respectively. The potential for scaling up the fermentation process indicates favorable results, which could have significant implications for industrial applications.
Topics: Fermentation; Fumarates; Cells, Immobilized; Palm Oil; Fruit; Arecaceae; Plant Oils; Hydrolysis; Glucose
PubMed: 38666083
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17282 -
Journal of Food Science Jun 2024In this paper, the compatibility, phase behavior, and crystallization properties of the binary blends of palm kernel stearin (PKS) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) were...
In this paper, the compatibility, phase behavior, and crystallization properties of the binary blends of palm kernel stearin (PKS) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) were investigated by analyzing the solid fat content (SFC), thermal properties, polymorphism, and microstructure, with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for the blending of oils. The results showed that the PKS content primarily determined the SFC trend of the binary blends. However, the binary blends demonstrated poor miscibility and eutectic behavior was predominantly observed in the system, particularly at higher temperatures. Only α and β' forms appeared in this blended system. Simultaneously, the addition of PKS elevated the liquid phase transition temperature of the binary blends, considerably significantly increased their crystallization rate when the addition of PKS was more than 20% and increased the density and size of the fat crystals. Finally, the mixing design optimization method was used to get the most suitable ratio of the binary blends in the refrigerated cream system with PKS:AMF to be 0.914:0.086. The cream prepared with the above binary blends was indeed superior in overrun and firmness and had high stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Some fats with special advantages are often limited in their wide application because of their poor crystallization ability. In this paper, the crystallization ability of fats is improved, and their application scenarios are increased through the combination of fats, so as to provide reference for the production of special fats for food.
Topics: Crystallization; Milk; Animals; Palm Oil; Food Handling; Fats; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 38660921
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17028 -
Heliyon Apr 2024In this study, the effects of various surfactants on the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) fraction and biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) were...
In this study, the effects of various surfactants on the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) fraction and biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated. A cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80; TW80) were found to adsorb onto the particulate matter from POME, markedly reducing the soluble COD, unlike an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). The mechanism underlying this phenomenon might be the adsolubilization of oil on particulate matter induced by the adsorbed surfactants. In terms of biogas production, 0.1 % w/v SDS and CTAB dramatically reduced the biogas yield, while 0.1 % w/v TW80 did not have this negative effect. A synergistic effect was observed when TW80 (0.1 % w/v) was combined with FeSO (400 mg/L), resulting in a 17 % greater biogas yield than that achieved with treatments using TW80 or FeSO alone. Moreover, the combination of TW80 and FeSO increased the biogas production rate. Surprisingly, the water-soluble iron fraction remained consistent across all treatments, suggesting that the adsorption of TW80 on particulate matter may limit micelle formation. Importantly, the proportion of methane in the generated biogas remained stable in all the treatments. Microbial community analysis revealed that the introduction of TW80 and FeSO had no discernible impact on the microbial community of the system. Pretreatment with TW80 and an iron supplement significantly enhanced biogas production and reduced the retention time of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system while maintaining the biogas quality and microbial community stability.
PubMed: 38660277
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29617 -
Plant Cell Reports Apr 2024GWAS identified six loci at 25 kb downstream of WAK2, a crucial gene for cell wall and callus formation, enabling development of a SNP marker for enhanced callus...
GWAS identified six loci at 25 kb downstream of WAK2, a crucial gene for cell wall and callus formation, enabling development of a SNP marker for enhanced callus induction potential. Efficient callus induction is vital for successful oil palm tissue culture, yet identifying genomic loci and markers for early detection of genotypes with high potential of callus induction remains unclear. In this study, immature male inflorescences from 198 oil palm accessions (dura, tenera and pisifera) were used as explants for tissue culture. Callus induction rates were collected at one-, two- and three-months after inoculation (C1, C2 and C3) as phenotypes. Resequencing generated 11,475,258 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genotypes. GWAS was then performed, and correlation analysis revealed a positive association of C1 with both C2 (R = 0.81) and C3 (R = 0.50), indicating that C1 could be used as the major phenotype for callus induction rate. Therefore, only significant SNPs (P ≤ 0.05) in C1 were identified to develop markers for screening individuals with high potential of callus induction. Among 21 significant SNPs in C1, LD block analysis revealed six SNPs on chromosome 12 (Chr12) potentially linked to callus formation. Subsequently, 13 SNP markers were identified from these loci and electrophoresis results showed that marker C-12 at locus Chr12_12704856 can be used effectively to distinguish the GG allele, which showed the highest probability (69%) of callus induction. Furthermore, a rapid SNP variant detection method without electrophoresis was established via qPCR-based melting curve analysis. Our findings facilitated marker-assisted selection for specific palms with high potential of callus induction using immature male inflorescence as explant, aiding ortet palm selection in oil palm tissue culture.
Topics: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Arecaceae; Genome-Wide Association Study; Tissue Culture Techniques; Phenotype; Genotype; Genetic Loci; Linkage Disequilibrium; Quantitative Trait Loci
PubMed: 38652306
DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03221-y -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing Oct 2023The energy crisis triggers the use of energy sources that are renewable, such as biomass made from lignocellulosic materials, to produce various chemical compounds for...
The energy crisis triggers the use of energy sources that are renewable, such as biomass made from lignocellulosic materials, to produce various chemical compounds for food ingredients and biofuel. The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into products with added value involves the activity of microorganisms, such as yeasts. For the conversion, microorganisms must be able to use various sugars in lignocellulosic biomass, including pentose sugars, especially xylose. This study aims to isolate xylose-utilizing yeasts and analyze their fermentation activity to produce xylitol and ethanol, as well as their ability to grow in liquid hydrolysate produced from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Nineteen yeast isolates could grow on solid and liquid media using solely xylose as a carbon source. All isolates can grow in a xylose medium with incubation at 30 °C, 37 °C, 42 °C, and 45 °C. Six isolates, namely SLI (1), SL3, SL6, SL7, R5, and OPT4B, were chosen based on their considerable growth and high xylose consumption rate in a medium with 50 g/L xylose with incubation at 30 °C for 48 h. Four isolates tested, namely SLI (1), SL6, SL7, and R5, can produce xylitol in media containing xylose carbon sources. The concentration of xylitol produced was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results ranged from 5.0 to 6.0 g/L. Five isolates tested, namely SLI (1), SL6, SL3, R5, and OPT4B, can produce ethanol. The ethanol content produced was determined using gas chromatography (GC), with concentrations ranging from 0.85 to 1.34 g/L. Three isolates, namely SL1(1), R5, and SL6, were able to produce xylitol and ethanol from xylose as carbon sources and were also able to grow on liquid hydrolyzate from pretreated oil palm trunk waste with the subcritical water method. The three isolates were further analyzed using the 18S rDNA sequence to identify the species and confirm their phylogenetic position. Identification based on DNA sequence analysis revealed that isolates SL1(1) and R5 were Pichia kudriavzevii, while isolate SL6 was Candida xylopsoci. The yeast strains isolated from this study could potentially be used for the bioconversion process of lignocellulosic biomass waste to produce value-added derivative products.
PubMed: 38647966
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00691-y -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing Oct 2023A method to more easily separate vascular bundles and parenchyma was investigated for the purpose of proposing a sustainable and advanced utilization of oil palm trunk...
A method to more easily separate vascular bundles and parenchyma was investigated for the purpose of proposing a sustainable and advanced utilization of oil palm trunk (OPT). In addition, particleboard made from vascular bundles was produced as one of the effective ways to utilize the obtained vascular bundles. The following results were obtained. A Zephyr rolling equipment was used for separation, and it was found that the vascular bundles could be easily separated with the veneer in a dry state. SEM observations showed that the vascular bundles could be separated while maintaining the tissue structure. However, some parenchyma remained on the surface of the vascular bundles. The presence of starch was also confirmed within the parenchyma. Particleboard was produced using the separated vascular bundles. The MOR and MOE of the three-layered particleboards with long vascular bundles obtained by Zephyr treatment were about 74.2 MPa and 7.3 GPa, respectively, which are much higher than those of previous wood materials made from OPTs. These results may be the result of extracting the potential of vascular bundles.
PubMed: 38647899
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00688-7 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Large-scale cement production generates significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the breakdown of limestone, contributing to environmental pollution. Clean production... (Review)
Review
Large-scale cement production generates significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the breakdown of limestone, contributing to environmental pollution. Clean production of eco-friendly three-dimensional geopolymers can be used as environmentally friendly building materials. Replacing Portland cement with eco-friendly materials correlates with reduced energy consumption, costs, and negative environmental impact. In addition, geopolymer cement has above-average physical and chemical properties, which in many cases exceed conventional Portland cement. The literature review summarizes the latest research in the production of geopolymers following the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development goals. Examples of upcycling of construction waste, industrial waste (fly ash, silica fume, slag, tailing), demolition waste, agriculture solid waste (rice husk, palm oil), and mining waste into functional geopolymer materials will be discussed. Additionally, the review focused on innovative applications and physicochemical properties of functional geopolymer materials.
PubMed: 38641100
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172579