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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Ornamental plants often gain relevance not only for their decorative use, but also as a source of phytochemicals with interesting healing properties. Herein, spontaneous...
(L.) DC. and L.: Phytochemical Profile, In Vitro Anti-Denaturation Effects and Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Two Ornamental Plants Traditionally Used as Herbal Remedies.
Ornamental plants often gain relevance not only for their decorative use, but also as a source of phytochemicals with interesting healing properties. Herein, spontaneous (L.) DC. and L., mainly used as ornamental species but also traditionally consumed and used in popular medicine, were investigated. The aerial parts were extracted with methanol trough maceration, and resultant crude extracts were partitioned using solvents with increasing polarity. As previous studies mostly dealt with the phenolic content of these species, the phytochemical investigation mainly focused on nonpolar constituents, detected with GC-MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was also verified, and HPTLC analyses were performed. In order to explore the potential antiarthritic and anti-obesity properties, extracts and their fractions were evaluated for their anti-denaturation effects, with the use of the BSA assay, and for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase. The antioxidant properties and the inhibitory activity on the NO production were verified, as well. Almost all the extracts and fractions demonstrated good inhibitory effects on NO production. The -hexane and dichloromethane fractions from , as well as the -hexane fraction from , were effective in protecting the protein from heat-induced denaturation (IC = 154.0 ± 1.9, 270.8 ± 2.3 and 450.1 ± 15.5 μg/mL, respectively). The dichloromethane fractions from both raw extracts were also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase, with IC values equal to 2.23 ± 0.02 mg/mL (for sample), and 2.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL (. Obtained results support the traditional use of these species for their beneficial health properties and suggest that investigated plant species could be potential sources of novel antiarthritic and anti-obesity agents.
Topics: Antioxidants; Methylene Chloride; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Tropaeolum; Valerianaceae; Pancrelipase; Protein Denaturation; Anti-Obesity Agents
PubMed: 36615228
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010032 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2023The dissolution characteristics of five capsules (Next Generation Enteric [NGE], Vcaps® Enteric [VCE], VCE DUOCAP® [VCE/VCE] system, Hard Gelatin Capsule [HGC] as...
In vitro evaluation of the gastrointestinal delivery of acid-sensitive pancrelipase in a next generation enteric capsule using an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency disease model.
The dissolution characteristics of five capsules (Next Generation Enteric [NGE], Vcaps® Enteric [VCE], VCE DUOCAP® [VCE/VCE] system, Hard Gelatin Capsule [HGC] as negative control, and Creon® 10,000 U as market reference) were evaluated using an in vitro simulation of the stomach and upper intestinal tract with an acidic duodenal incubation (pH 4.5 for the first 10 min, pH 6 for the remaining 17 min) to simulate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Caffeine was a marker of capsule dissolution, and tributyrin to butyrate conversion measured pancrelipase activity. All capsules were filled with pancrelipase; the NGE, VCE, VCE/VCE, and HGC capsules also contained 50 mg caffeine. Caffeine was released first from the HGC capsule, followed by the VCE, NGE, and VCE/VCE capsules. Pancrelipase activity followed this trend and demonstrated a similar activity level over time for the NGE, VCE/VCE, and Creon® capsules. The HGC formulation confirmed gastric degradation of unprotected pancrelipase. NGE capsules provided similar protection to the simple fill formulation as observed for the complex formulation of the Creon® capsule in a setting with increased pepsin activity and may hasten the time needed to go from formula development to first-in-human studies for pH sensitive drugs or those requiring small intestine targeting.
Topics: Humans; Pancrelipase; Capsules; Caffeine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Duodenum; Gelatin
PubMed: 36442722
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122441 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Pancreatin secretion is dramatically decreased over time after weaning, thus affecting the utilization of nutrients in piglets. Therefore, exogenous pancreatin is...
Pancreatin secretion is dramatically decreased over time after weaning, thus affecting the utilization of nutrients in piglets. Therefore, exogenous pancreatin is expected to alleviate this situation. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous pancreatin on the growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption, and intestinal microbiota of piglets. One hundred eighty piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 40 days) were randomly allotted to three treatments (basal diets supplemented with 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg pancreatin) with three replicate pens per treatment and 20 piglets per pen. Compared with the control diet, dietary 500 mg/kg pancreatin significantly increased ( < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat of piglets. Regarding endogenous enzymes, pancrelipase activity in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and small intestinal digesta as well as trypsin activity in the jejunal digesta were increased in piglets fed a diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). Moreover, amylopsin activity was significantly strengthened in the pancreas, duodenal mucosa, and digesta in piglets fed a diet with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). The mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, including oligopeptide transporter-1 (PepT1), excitatory amino acid transporter-1 (EAAC1), cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1), sodium glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), and fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), in the jejunum significantly increased after dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg pancreatin ( < 0.05). An increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in the 500 mg/kg pancreatin-treated group ( < 0.05). The composition of the colonic microbiota modulated by the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin was characterized by an increased relative abundance of ( < 0.05), and the predicted functions revealed that 500 mg/kg pancreatin supplementation enhanced the functional abundance of genetic information processing in colonic microorganisms and environmental information processing. Our findings suggested that the addition of 500 mg/kg pancreatin improved the growth performance of piglets, improved intestinal structure, and modulated the colon microbiota, thereby increasing nutrient digestibility.
PubMed: 36017338
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.906522 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Aug 2022BACKGROUND Major findings of myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy (MIRAGE) syndrome is a rare...
BACKGROUND Major findings of myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy (MIRAGE) syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the SAMD9 gene. It acts as a growth repressor expressed in the endothelial cells. Pathogenic variants in the SAMD9 gene lead to profound growth-restricting activity intrinsic to the protein, which further reduces cellular proliferation and instigates this growth-limiting condition. Gastrointestinal features include chronic diarrhea, severe diaper rash, and colonic dilatation. Until now, there has been no description of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a possible cause of enteropathy in MIRAGE syndrome. CASE REPORT We report a case of MIRAGE syndrome affecting multiple systems in an infant who had severe enteropathy which responded well to porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme supplements despite normal pancreatic fecal elastase level. The infant is being followed up by multidisciplinary teams in our outpatient department. CONCLUSIONS Porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme is beneficial in enteropathy due to MIRAGE syndrome and is worth considering.
Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Animals; Endothelial Cells; Feces; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Pancreatic Elastase; Pancrelipase; Swine
PubMed: 35994417
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.937057 -
Pancreas Apr 2022This study aimed to investigate the effect of early administration of delayed-release high-titer pancrelipase.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the effect of early administration of delayed-release high-titer pancrelipase.
METHODS
The medical records of 120 patients who had undergone pancreatectomy with computed tomography (CT) before and 6 months after surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Delayed-release high-titer pancrelipase were administered daily starting on postoperative day 3, which was defined as the EP group. The postoperative nutritional status and CT attenuation values of the liver were compared between the EP and control groups.
RESULTS
Thirty-three patients (28%) were categorized into the EP group. With regard to the postoperative nutritional status 6 months after surgery, the body mass index, total lymphocyte count, and Onodera's prognostic nutritional index were higher, and controlling nutritional status score was lower in the EP group than that in the control group. The CT attenuation values of the liver were not significantly different. After propensity score matching analysis, body mass index (20.7 vs 19.2, P = 0.049) and Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (47.9 vs 44.2, P = 0.045) were significantly higher, and controlling nutritional status score was significantly lower in the EP group than that in the control group (1 vs 3, P = 0.046).
CONCLUSIONS
The early administration of pancrelipase after pancreatectomy improved nutritional status after pancreatectomy.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Pancreatectomy; Pancrelipase; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35695803
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002035 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Jul 2022Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) can have a high morbidity rate. To minimize morbidity, enteral autonomy is the primary goal in clinical management of patients...
OBJECTIVES
Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) can have a high morbidity rate. To minimize morbidity, enteral autonomy is the primary goal in clinical management of patients with SBS. This is often difficult to achieve because of significant malabsorption. To date, there are limited therapies that improve absorption in patients with SBS. The impact of pancreatic enzyme replacement treatment on enteral absorption has not been studied in this population and was the primary aim of this study.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
This was an interventional study in 11 subjects (6 pediatric subjects ages 4.0-17.9 years, 5 adult subjects 18-75 years) that compared enteral absorption in each subject before and after pancreatic enzyme medication (Creon). Coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) and coefficient of nitrogen absorption (CNA) were used as markers of enteral absorption of fat and protein, respectively.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant mean change in CFA and CNA before and after pancreatic enzyme medication therapy. Six subjects demonstrated an increase in CFA and 8 subjects demonstrated an increase in CNA after the use of pancreatic enzyme medication therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no statistically significant improvement in enteral fat and protein absorption in the cohort as a whole, though several subjects demonstrated an improvement. These results suggest that some patients with SBS may benefit from treatment with pancreatic enzymes. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of pancreatic enzyme therapy on enteral absorption in subjects with SBS and to characterize factors that may predict a positive response.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Middle Aged; Nitrogen; Pancreas; Pancrelipase; Short Bowel Syndrome; Young Adult
PubMed: 35622082
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003465 -
Transplant International : Official... 2022
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Pancreas; Pancrelipase; Reperfusion; Research Design
PubMed: 35497885
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10038 -
Medical Oncology (Northwood, London,... Apr 2022To evaluate omega-3 fatty acid-rich enteral nutrient effects in patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract or pancreatic cancers during chemotherapy. Enteric...
Effects of an enteral nutrient-rich therapy with omega-3 fatty acids in patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer during chemotherapy: a case-control study.
To evaluate omega-3 fatty acid-rich enteral nutrient effects in patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract or pancreatic cancers during chemotherapy. Enteric nutritional supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids (Racol) was administered to aforementioned patients with cancers during chemotherapy. The skeletal muscle mass and blood test data were obtained pre-administration and 28 and 56 days after. Patients with pancreatic cancer were administered the digestive enzyme supplement pancrelipase (LipaCreon) 28 days after the start of Racol administration. The number of chemotherapies skipped due to neutropenia was recorded for 2 months before and after enteral nutrient initiation. In all 39 patients, the skeletal muscle mass increased on day 56 versus baseline (median 17.3 kg vs. 14.8 kg, p < 0.01), number of chemotherapies skipped decreased (mean: 0.65 times/month vs. 1.3 times/month, p = 0.03), and retinol-binding protein (mean: 2.56 mg/dL vs. 2.42 mg/dL, p = 0.05) increased. Patients with pancreatic cancer showed increased blood eicosapentaenoic acid concentration on day 56 versus baseline (median: 48.1 μg/mL vs. 37.0 μg/mL, p = 0.04) and increased skeletal muscle mass (median 16.8 kg vs. 14.4 kg, p = 0.006). Baseline median neutrophil count increased significantly from 2200/μL at baseline to 2500/μL (p = 0.04). Patients with biliary tract cancer during chemotherapy also exhibited increased skeletal muscle mass following omega-3 supplementation (median 17.3 kg vs. 15.8 kg, p = 0.01). In patients undergoing chemotherapy for unresectable or post-recurrence pancreatic and biliary tract cancers, high-omega-3 fatty acid nutrition therapy use improved skeletal muscle maintenance and chemotherapy dosing intensity.
Topics: Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Nutrients; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35478069
DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01625-4 -
Surgical Case Reports Apr 2022Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas are rare. Moreover, pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and postoperative care are not common in pediatric surgery. Herein, we...
BACKGROUND
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas are rare. Moreover, pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and postoperative care are not common in pediatric surgery. Herein, we report a case of PD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after PD and present a literature review.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 10-year-old girl with a suspected liver tumor was referred to our hospital. Echography, enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor coexisted with the solid and cystic parts of the pancreatic head. Since the patient was a young woman and the imaging findings were consistent with that of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs), we diagnosed her with pancreatic SPN. Thereafter, PD was performed, and she was discharged 10 days after the operation. Although her postoperative course was mostly uneventful, she experienced few episodes of abdominal pain and diarrhea before hospital discharge. These symptoms subsequently became more frequent and severe. The patient was urgently readmitted to the hospital for watery steatorrhea and lower abdominal colic pain. Her serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated, and a fatty liver was detected on echography. The patient was diagnosed with steatorrhea, peristaltic pain, and NAFLD after PD. Pancrelipase (containing pancreatic digestive enzymes), antidiarrheal agents, and probiotics were started. Dosage increase of these drugs reduced the defecation frequency and abdominal pain and switched diarrhea to loose stools. However, more lipids in meals or more meals caused diarrhea and abdominal pain. Therefore, the doses of these drugs were further increased, and another antidiarrheal agent, loperamide hydrochloride, was added. Exocrine pancreatic enzymes supplementation and careful follow-up should prevent NAFLD progression after PD. At present, the patient has occasional abdominal pain, but has tangible soft stools once or twice a day. Although echography still shows a mottled fatty liver, her hepatic enzymes are only mildly elevated.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric PD is rare, and residual pancreatic function is usually sufficient, unlike in adult cases. However, we experienced a case of NAFLD after PD for a pediatric pancreatic SPN, in which pancreatic enzyme supplementation effectively improved this condition. Further attention must be paid to worsening of NAFLD that can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
PubMed: 35381910
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01414-9 -
Physiological Reports Apr 2022Viral infections are linked to the progression of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that play pivotal roles in systemic diseases. To confirm this phenomenon,...
Viral infections are linked to the progression of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that play pivotal roles in systemic diseases. To confirm this phenomenon, in the present study, TNF-α level and oxidative stress markers were examined in the liver, kidney, and pancreas of HTLV1-infected male BALB/c mice. To this end, twenty BALB/c mice were divided into HTLV1-infected mice that were inoculated with 1-million HTLV1-infected cells (MT-2), and the control groups. Two months after inoculation, the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and pancreas were collected after deep anesthetization of mice (ketamine, 30 mg/kg). The extracted DNA of mesenteric lymph nodes was obtained to quantify proviral load (PVL) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The levels of lipid peroxidation, total thiol (SH), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were examined in the liver, kidney, and pancreases. Furthermore, histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were evaluated. In liver tissue, the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and blood cell infiltration were significantly increased, and the levels of CAT and SOD were significantly decreased. In the kidney, a reduction in SOD, CAT, and total SH and an increase in MDA and NO were observed. In the pancreas, CAT activity, total SH, and SOD were decreased, and the levels of MDA and NO were enhanced. In terms of TNF-α production, it has been shown that the level of this inflammatory cytokine was increased in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The HTLV1 may have a role in inducing inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress pathways in the tissues.
Topics: Animals; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oxidative Stress; Pancreas; Pancrelipase; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 35373925
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15243