-
Biomedical Chromatography : BMC Mar 2024This study seeks to investigate the therapeutic effects of Si Miao San (SMS) on hyperuricemia and its underlying mechanisms, particularly focusing on the role of...
This study seeks to investigate the therapeutic effects of Si Miao San (SMS) on hyperuricemia and its underlying mechanisms, particularly focusing on the role of intestinal flora. The key components of SMS were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To establish a rat model of hyperuricemia, an intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate was performed, followed by oral administration of various concentrations of SMS. The study evaluated the status of hyperuricemia, renal pathology, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and intestinal flora. Utilizing HPLC, we identified five active components of SMS. Following SMS intervention, there was a significant reduction in serum levels of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, accompanied by an increase in urine UA levels in rats with hyperuricemia. Distinct pathological injuries were evident in the renal tissues of hyperuricemic rats, and these were partially alleviated following SMS intervention. Moreover, SMS exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in XO activity both in the serum and hepatic tissues. Notably, SMS contributed to an enhancement in the diversity of intestinal flora in hyperuricemic rats. The intervention of SMS resulted in a reduction in the abundance of certain bacterial species, including Parabacteroides johnsonii, Corynebacterium urealyticum, and Burkholderiales bacterium. This suggests that SMS may exert anti-hyperuricemia effects, potentially by modulating the composition of intestinal flora.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Hyperuricemia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney; Uric Acid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Xanthine Oxidase
PubMed: 38118432
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5807 -
Microbiology Spectrum Sep 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in developing and...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in developing and treating acute pancreatitis by affecting the host's metabolism. In this study, we followed 20 AP patients to generate longitudinal gut microbiota profiles and activity during disease (before treatment, on the third day of treatment, and 1 month after discharge). We analyzed species composition and metabolic pathways' changes across the treatment phase, severity, and etiology. The diversity of the gut microbiome of patients with AP did not show much variation with treatment. In contrast, the metabolic functions of the gut microbiota, such as the essential chemical reactions that produce energy and maintain life, were partially reinstated after treatment. The severe AP (SAP) patients contained less beneficial bacteria (i.e., , and ) and weaker sugar degradation function than mild AP patients before treatment. Moreover, etiology was one of the drivers of gut microbiome composition and explained the 3.54% variation in species' relative abundance. The relative abundance of pathways related to lipid synthesis was higher in the gut of hyperlipidemia AP patients than in biliary AP patients. The composition and functional profiles of the gut microbiota reflect the severity and etiology of AP. Otherwise, we also identified bacterial species associated with SAP, i.e., sp 57_20 and , which have the potential to identify the SAP at an early stage. IMPORTANCE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in the development and treatment of acute pancreatitis by affecting the host's metabolism. However, fewer studies acquired metagenomic sequencing data to associate species to functions intuitively and performed longitudinal analysis to explore how gut microbiota influences the development of AP. We followed 20 AP patients to generate longitudinal gut microbiota profiles and activity during disease and studied the differences in intestinal flora under different severities and etiologies. We have two findings. First, the gut microbiota profile has the potential to identify the severity and etiology of AP at an early stage. Second, gut microbiota likely acts synergistically in the development of AP. This study provides a reference for characterizing the driver flora of severe AP to identify the severity of acute pancreatitis at an early stage.
PubMed: 37698429
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00829-23 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Sep 2023The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. Abnormal intestinal bacterial profiles and low bacterial diversity appear to play important roles in the... (Review)
Review
The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. Abnormal intestinal bacterial profiles and low bacterial diversity appear to play important roles in the pathophysiology of IBS. This narrative review was designed to present recent observations made relating to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which implicate possible roles of 11 intestinal bacteria in the pathophysiology of IBS. The intestinal abundances of nine of these bacteria increased after FMT in patients with IBS, and these increases were inversely correlated with IBS symptoms and fatigue severity. These bacteria were Alistipes spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium biforme, Holdemanella biformis, Prevotella spp., Bacteroides stercoris, Parabacteroides johnsonii, Bacteroides zoogleoformans, and Lactobacillus spp. The intestinal abundances of two bacteria were decreased in patients with IBS after FMT and were correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms and fatigue (Streptococcus thermophilus and Coprobacillus cateniformis). Ten of these bacteria are anaerobic and one (Streptococcus thermophilus) is facultative anaerobic. Several of these bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, which is used as an energy source by large intestine epithelial cells. Moreover, it modulates the immune response and hypersensitivity of the large intestine and decreases intestinal cell permeability and intestinal motility. These bacteria could be used as probiotics to improve these conditions. Protein-rich diets could increase the intestinal abundance of Alistipes, and plant-rich diet could increase the intestinal abundance of Prevotella spp., and consequently improve IBS and fatigue.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Butyrates; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 37246923
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14621 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2023A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00274 was isolated from swine faeces. An 16S rRNA gene...
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00274 was isolated from swine faeces. An 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB00274 belonged to the genus Parabacteroides, with the highest similarity to Parabacteroides johnsonii (P. johnsonii) DSM 18315 (sequence similarity of 94.9%). The genome size of strain AGMB00274 was 4,308,683 bp, with a DNA G+C content of 42.5 mol%. The biochemical analysis of strain AGMB00274 showed that it was positive for gelatin hydrolysis and α-fucosidase, but negative for the acid production from D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, salicin, glycerol, D-cellobiose, D-mannose, D-melezitose, D-sorbitol, D-trehalose, and negative for α-arabinosidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase. The dominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were anteiso-C (23.2%), iso-C (16.6%), C ω9c (16.4%), summed feature 11 (iso-C 3-OH and/or C DMA) (12.5%), and C (11.3%). The major respiratory quinones of strain AGMB00274 were MK-9 (55.4%) and MK-10 (44.6%). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on phylogenetic, genetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, as a novel species of the genus Parabacteroides, strain AGMB00274 was proposed with the name Parabacteroides faecalis sp. nov. The type strain used was AGMB00274 (= KCTC 25286 = GDMCC 1.2742).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine; Vitamin K 2; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 36725751
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03190-7 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Aug 2022The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host's health. Parabacteroides spp., core members of the human gut microbiota, have an average abundance of 1.27% in... (Review)
Review
The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host's health. Parabacteroides spp., core members of the human gut microbiota, have an average abundance of 1.27% in humans of 12 populations. Parabacteroides have recently been reported to have a close relationship with host health (e.g. metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity). Parabacteroides have the physiological characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and secreting short chain fatty acids. However, antimicrobial resistance of Parabacteroides to antibiotics (such as clindamycin, moxifloxacin and cefoxitin) should not be ignored. In this review, we primarily focus on Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides johnsonii and Parabacteroides merdae and discuss their relationships with host disease, diet and the prevention or induction of diseases. Pa. distasonis and Pa. goldsteinii may be viewed as potential next generation probiotic candidates due to their protective effects on inflammation and obesity in mice. We also discuss the potential therapeutic application of Parabacteroides spp. in maintaining host-intestine homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Mice; Obesity; Probiotics
PubMed: 35945336
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac072 -
MSystems Jun 2022Menopause is a pivotal period during which loss of ovarian hormones increases cardiometabolic risk and may also influence the gut microbiome. However, the...
Menopause Is Associated with an Altered Gut Microbiome and Estrobolome, with Implications for Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
Menopause is a pivotal period during which loss of ovarian hormones increases cardiometabolic risk and may also influence the gut microbiome. However, the menopause-microbiome relationship has not been examined in a large study, and its implications for cardiometabolic disease are unknown. In the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population with high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on stool from 2,300 participants (295 premenopausal women, 1,027 postmenopausal women, and 978 men), and serum metabolomics was available on a subset. Postmenopausal women trended toward lower gut microbiome diversity and altered overall composition compared to premenopausal women, while differing less from men, in models adjusted for age and other demographic/behavioral covariates. Differentially abundant taxa for post- versus premenopausal women included sp. strain , Prevotella marshii, and Sutterella wadsworthensis (enriched in postmenopause) and Escherichia coli spp., sp. strain , Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium lactatifermentans, Parabacteroides johnsonii, and Veillonella seminalis (depleted in postmenopause); these taxa similarly differed between men and women. Postmenopausal women had higher abundance of the microbial sulfate transport system and decreased abundance of microbial β-glucuronidase; these functions correlated with serum progestin metabolites, suggesting involvement of postmenopausal gut microbes in sex hormone retention. In postmenopausal women, menopause-related microbiome alterations were associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles. In summary, in a large U.S. Hispanic/Latino population, menopause is associated with a gut microbiome more similar to that of men, perhaps related to the common condition of a low estrogen/progesterone state. Future work should examine similarity of results in other racial/ethnic groups. The menopausal transition, marked by declining ovarian hormones, is recognized as a pivotal period of cardiometabolic risk. Gut microbiota metabolically interact with sex hormones, but large population studies associating menopause with the gut microbiome are lacking. Our results from a large study of Hispanic/Latino women and men suggest that the postmenopausal gut microbiome in women is slightly more similar to the gut microbiome in men and that menopause depletes specific gut pathogens and decreases the hormone-related metabolic potential of the gut microbiome. At the same time, gut microbes may participate in sex hormone reactivation and retention in postmenopausal women. Menopause-related gut microbiome changes were associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women, indicating that the gut microbiome contributes to changes in cardiometabolic health during menopause.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Public Health; Menopause; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Hispanic or Latino; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 35675542
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00273-22 -
MSystems Apr 2022Accumulating evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may play a role in cardiovascular problems like coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, target steering the gut... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may play a role in cardiovascular problems like coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, target steering the gut microbiota/metabolome via probiotic administration could be a promising way to protect against CAD. A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the added benefits and mechanism of the probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8, in alleviating CAD when given together with a conventional regimen. Sixty patients with CAD were randomly divided into a probiotic group ( = 36; received Probio-M8, atorvastatin, and metoprolol) and placebo group ( = 24; placebo, atorvastatin, and metoprolol). Conventional treatment significantly improved the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores of the placebo group after the intervention. However, the probiotic group achieved even better SAQ scores at day 180 compared with the placebo group ( < 0.0001). Moreover, Probio-M8 treatment was more conducive to alleviating depression and anxiety in patients ( < 0.0001 versus the placebo group, day 180), with significantly lower serum levels of interleukin-6 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( < 0.005 and < 0.001, respectively). In-depth metagenomic analysis showed that, at day 180, significantly more species-level genome bins (SGBs) of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Butyricicoccus porcorum were detected in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group, while the abundances of SGBs representing Flavonifractor plautii and Parabacteroides johnsonii decreased significantly among the Probio-M8 receivers ( < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly more microbial bioactive metabolites (e.g., methylxanthine and malonate) but less trimethylamine-N-oxide and proatherogenic amino acids were detected in the probiotic group than placebo group during/after intervention ( < 0.05). Collectively, we showed that coadministering Probio-M8 synergized with a conventional regimen to improve the clinical efficacy in CAD management. The mechanism of the added benefits was likely achieved via probiotic-driven modulation of the host's gut microbiota and metabolome, consequently improving the microbial metabolic potential and serum metabolite profile. This study highlighted the significance of regulating the gut-heart/-brain axes in CAD treatment. Despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies and drug treatments (e.g., statins) for coronary artery disease (CAD), CAD-related mortality and morbidity remain high. Active bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the heart implicate that probiotic application could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CAD. This study hypothesized that coadministration of atorvastatin and probiotics could synergistically protect against CAD. Our results demonstrated that coadministering Probio-M8 with a conventional regimen offered added benefits to patients with CAD compared with conventional treatment alone. Our findings have provided a wide and integrative view of the pathogenesis and novel management options for CAD and CAD-related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Atorvastatin; Bifidobacterium animalis; Brain; Coronary Artery Disease; Metoprolol
PubMed: 35343796
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00100-22 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Feb 2020Alopecia areata is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease with an unknown etiopathogenesis. Gut microbiota has been revealed as a key modulator of systemic immunity.
BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease with an unknown etiopathogenesis. Gut microbiota has been revealed as a key modulator of systemic immunity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether patients affected by alopecia universalis present differences in gut bacteria composition compared with healthy controls and investigate possible bacterial biomarkers of the disease.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved 15 patients affected by alopecia universalis and 15 controls. Gut microbiome of the study subjects was analysed by sequencing the 16SrRNA of stool samples. We searched for bacterial biomarkers of alopecia universalis using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFse) tool.
RESULTS
In total, 30 study subjects (46.6% female; mean [SD] age, 40.1 [9.8] years) were enrolled. Neither alpha (Shannon diversity index 5.31 ± 0.43 vs. 5.03 ± 0.43, P 0.1) or beta diversity (ADONIS P value: 0.35) of gut microbiota showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls. In patients affected with alopecia, we found an enriched presence (LDA SCORE > 2) of Holdemania filiformis, Erysipelotrichacea, Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides johnsonii, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, Bacteroides eggerthii and Parabacteroides distasonis. A predictive model based on the number of bacterial counts of Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridiales vadin BB60 group correctly predicted disease status in 80% of patients (AUC 0.804 (0.633-0.976), P 0.004).
CONCLUSION
Alopecia universalis does not seem to affect broadly gut microbiota structure. Bacterial biomarkers found associated with the disease (Holdemania filiformis, Erysipelotrichacea, Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides johnsonii, Eggerthellaceae, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, Bacteroides eggerthii and Parabacteroides distasonis) should be further studied as they could be involved in its pathophysiology or be used as diagnostic tools.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia Areata; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 31419351
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15885 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Apr 2019Cellulases play a significant role in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. In the human gut, anaerobic bacteria are essential to the well-being of the host by...
Cellulases play a significant role in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. In the human gut, anaerobic bacteria are essential to the well-being of the host by producing these essential enzymes that convert plant polymers into simple sugars that can then be further metabolized by the host. Here, we report the 2.08 Å resolution structure of HLB5, a chemically verified cellulase that was identified previously from an anaerobic gut bacterium and that has no structural cellulase homologues in PDB nor possesses any conserved region typical for glycosidases. We anticipate that the information presented here will facilitate the identification of additional cellulases for which no homologues have been identified to date and enhance our understanding how these novel cellulases bind and hydrolyze their substrates.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroidetes; Binding Sites; Cellulase; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrolysis; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 30687968
DOI: 10.1002/pro.3582 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2019A polyphasic taxonomic approach was applied to characterize an anaerobic bacterial strain, 426-9, that was isolated from human faeces. The strain was...
A polyphasic taxonomic approach was applied to characterize an anaerobic bacterial strain, 426-9, that was isolated from human faeces. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-pigmented and rod-shaped. Strain 426-9 grew anaerobically at 20-45 °C (optimally at 37-40 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 6.0-8.0). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, seven amino phospholipids and three phospholipids. The major fatty acids of strain 426-9 were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the predominant respiratory quinones were menaquinones MK-9 and MK-10. End-products of glucose fermentation were acetate, propionate, iso-butyrate and iso-pentanoate. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 426-9 was a member of the genus Parabacteroides. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain 426-9 to the type species of the genus, Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503, was 91.0 %. Within the genus Parabacteroides, strain 426-9 was phylogenetically closely related to Parabacteroides johnsonii M-165 (96.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The draft genome of strain 426-9 comprised 5.15 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 45.9 mol%. A total of 4088 genes were predicted and, of those, 3744 were annotated. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterization, strain 426-9 represents a novel species within the genus Parabacteroides, for which the name Parabacteroides acidifaciens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 426-9 (=CGMCC 1.13558=NBRC 113433).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Fermentation; Humans; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 30652964
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003230