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The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2022We report a case of an 80-year-old Korean man with chronic cerebral paragonimiasis who presented with progressive memory impairment. He suffered from pulmonary...
We report a case of an 80-year-old Korean man with chronic cerebral paragonimiasis who presented with progressive memory impairment. He suffered from pulmonary paragonimiasis 60 years ago and has been experiencing epilepsy since the age of 45. He began experiencing memory and cognitive deterioration 3 years ago. He visited the neuropsychiatric department of our hospital to check his symptoms and health from a year ago. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging study revealed calcifications and cystic lesions encompassing the right temporo-occipital region. Encephalomalatic changes were also observed in the right occipital and temporal areas. The anti-Paragonimus specific IgG antibodies in his serum showed a strong positive response. The neuropsychological test results showed a Global Deterioration Scale of 4 and a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale of 1. The chronic cerebral paragonimiasis lesions in the patient's right temporo-occipital region might induce the dementic change.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Dementia
PubMed: 36320112
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.353 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2022Paragonimiasis is a food-borne infection caused by several species of the Paragonimus fluke. Clinical manifestations can mimic tuberculosis and contribute to diagnostic...
Paragonimiasis is a food-borne infection caused by several species of the Paragonimus fluke. Clinical manifestations can mimic tuberculosis and contribute to diagnostic delay. We report a cluster of paragonimiasis in a community in Ecuador, where active surveillance was set up after detection of the first 2 cases.
Topics: Animals; Delayed Diagnosis; Ecuador; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 36148987
DOI: 10.3201/eid2810.220927 -
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India Sep 2022Paragonimiasis is a crustacean-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by lung fluke or Paragonimus. Several endemic foci of paragonimiasis have been discovered in Northeastern...
Paragonimiasis is a crustacean-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by lung fluke or Paragonimus. Several endemic foci of paragonimiasis have been discovered in Northeastern India. Chronic pulmonary infection with Paragonimus is characterized by hemoptysis, which is usually mistaken for Tuberculosis (TB). Paragonimiasis is acquired by eating raw, undercooked, or pickled crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of Paragonimus. Infection can usually be confirmed by finding Paragonimus eggs in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. We present a rare case of paragonimiasis masquerading as hypereosinophilia, asthma, and intracerebral hemorrhage for the last three years. Paragonimiasis is a rare cause of hemoptysis outside endemic regions. A strong index of suspicion is required to diagnose paragonimiasis outside the endemic areas. Diagnosis is usually delayed because of similarity of presentation to TB. Our patient was symptomatic with hemoptysis for three years. He gave history of eating raw crayfish and crabs while on leave to his native village in Nagaland. Diagnosis was confirmed on microscopy by detection of Paragonimus ova in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Symptoms resolved on treatment with praziquantel (25 mg/kg TDS for three days). Patient became symptom-free after a week of treatment.
PubMed: 36147403
DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.10.007 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2022Paragonimus kellicotti is a zoonotic lung fluke infection, the agent of North American paragonimiasis, and an excellent model for other Paragonimus infections. The...
Paragonimus kellicotti is a zoonotic lung fluke infection, the agent of North American paragonimiasis, and an excellent model for other Paragonimus infections. The excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) released by parasites and presented at the parasite-host interface are frequently proposed to be useful targets for drugs and/or vaccines In vitro culture conditions may alter ESP compared to those produced in vivo. In order to investigate ESPs produced in vivo we took advantage of the fact that adult P. kellicotti reproduce in the lungs of experimentally infected gerbils in tissue cysts. We performed a mass-spectrometric analysis of adult P. kellicotti soluble somatic protein (SSPs) extracts, excreted/secreted proteins (ESPs) produced by adult worms during in vitro culture, and lung cyst fluid proteins (CFPs) from experimentally infected gerbils. We identified 2,137 P. kellicotti proteins that were present in at least two of three biological replicates and supported by at least two peptides. Among those were 1,914 proteins found in SSP, 947 in ESP and 37 in CFP. In silico analysis predicted that only 141 of the total 2,137 proteins were secreted via classical or non-classical pathways. The most abundant functional categories in SSP were storage and oxidative metabolism. The most abundant categories in ESP were proteins related to metabolism and signal transduction. The 37 parasite-related proteins in CFP belonged to 11 functional categories. The largest groups were proteins with unknown function, cytoskeletal proteins and proteasome machinery. 29 of these 37 proteins were shared among all three sample types. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares in vitro and in vivo ESP for any Paragonimus species. This study has provided new insights into ESPs of food-borne trematodes that are produced and released in vivo. Proteins released at the host-parasite interface may help the parasite evade host immunity and may represent new targets for novel treatments or diagnostic tests for paragonimiasis.
Topics: Animals; Cysts; Gerbillinae; Lung; Lung Diseases; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Proteomics
PubMed: 35976975
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010679 -
Parasitology Sep 2022Human autochthonous infections with the trematode are increasingly being reported in North America, but the true prevalence and geographic distribution are unknown.... (Review)
Review
Human autochthonous infections with the trematode are increasingly being reported in North America, but the true prevalence and geographic distribution are unknown. Ingestion of raw crayfish is reported in most human cases, typically in the context of alcohol intoxication. Risk of infection varies depending on what part of the crayfish is ingested as metacercariae of (>50% mature to adults) localize to the heart and pericardium of the crayfish. Reported human cases have manifested primarily in otherwise healthy young adults presenting with severe eosinophilic pneumonia, pleuritis, systemic symptoms, dermatologic lesions and cerebral involvement. However, it is likely that many infections go unreported due to lack of awareness, mild illness or the absence of rapid commercially available diagnostic tests. Promising advances have been made related to novel diagnostic targets. Conservation of these antigen targets among at least four species could make these antigens viable for diagnostic testing of specifically as well as other species, but additional studies and funding investments are required. Public and physician awareness may have improved due to targeted education campaigns, but ongoing activities to raise awareness are needed, particularly in areas where cases have not been frequently reported to date.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Humans; Metacercariae; North America; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 35965058
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182021001359 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Abscess; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Abdomen
PubMed: 35963684
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.07.108 -
Surgical Infections Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Brain Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 35917510
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.230 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022An 11-year-old girl presented with frequent chest pain, fever, and a cough that she had had for more than 13 months, as well as pleural effusion and large pericardial...
An 11-year-old girl presented with frequent chest pain, fever, and a cough that she had had for more than 13 months, as well as pleural effusion and large pericardial effusion. She was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis and received anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6 months. Within the past year, she also underwent two more thoracotomies and a thoracoscopic partial pericardiectomy. The final diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis was established once it was known that she had eosinophilia, always drank stream water, and tested positive for antibodies against . Since antiparasitic praziquantel therapy was effective, paragonimiasis should be considered as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.
PubMed: 35911838
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.896824 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2022The most common site of paragonimiasis is in the lungs. The migratory route passes through the duodenal wall, peritoneum, and diaphragm to the lungs; thus, the thoracic...
BACKGROUND
The most common site of paragonimiasis is in the lungs. The migratory route passes through the duodenal wall, peritoneum, and diaphragm to the lungs; thus, the thoracic cavity and central nervous system, as well as the liver, intestine, and abdominal cavity may be involved. Here, we present a case of intraperitoneal paragonimiasis without other organ involvement, mimicking tuberculous peritonitis.
CASE SUMMARY
A 57-year-old man presented with recurrent abdominal pain for 4 wk. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Laboratory findings showed complete blood counts within the normal range without eosinophilia. Multiple reactive lymph nodes and diffuse peritoneal infiltration were noted on abdominal computed tomography (CT). There were no abnormalities on chest CT or colonoscopy. Intraoperative findings of diagnostic laparoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis included multiple small whitish nodules and an abscess in the peritoneum. Pathological reports confirmed the presence of numerous eggs of (). A postoperative serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed positivity. Persistent and repetitive history-taking led him to retrospectively recall the consumption of freshwater crab. After 3 d of treatment with praziquantel (1800 mg; 25 mg/kg), he recovered from all symptoms.
CONCLUSION
In patients who require diagnostic laparoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis, repetitive history-taking and preoperative serologic antibody tests against may be helpful in diagnosing intraperitoneal paragonimiasis without other organ involvement.
PubMed: 35812672
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i16.5359 -
Acta Tropica Sep 2022Paragonimiasis, which is caused by Paragonimus, is considered to be a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. The pathogenicity of Paragonimus...
Paragonimiasis, which is caused by Paragonimus, is considered to be a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. The pathogenicity of Paragonimus mainly manifests as mechanical damage and immunotoxicity caused by adult worms and larvae. However, microbiota associated with Paragonimus and potential disturbance of host microbiota after infection are unknown. Paragonimus proliferus is a rare species, and its successful infection rate in experimental rats is 100%. In the current study, we compared the microbial community in lung tissues, small intestine contents, and fecal samples from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with and without P. proliferus infection. To determine the impact of P. proliferus on the microbial community in rats, we identified the microbiota in adult worms of P. proliferus via high-throughput sequencing. Results showed dramatic differences in the composition of microbiota in lung tissues between infected and uninfected rats. Paragonimus metacercariae introduced both environmental and gut microbes into the lung tissues of rats. Many potentially pathogenic microbes were also found in the lung of infected rats. Paragonimus infection increased the chances of potentially pathogenic microbiota invading and colonizing the lungs. However, for the purpose of long-term parasitism, there might be a complex interrelationship between Paragonimus and microorganisms. Our study might shed lights on the understanding of the pathogenicity of Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Metacercariae; Microbiota; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 35779592
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106578