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Thoracic Cancer Apr 2022Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and...
BACKGROUND
Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and surgery (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy). To date, there have been no large-scale nationwide epidemiological studies regarding pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy. This study examined the epidemiology of pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy in a Japanese nationwide administrative database.
METHODS
We evaluated Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data of 24 173 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy and received a diagnosis of pleurisy between April 2014 and March 2020. In addition to pleurisy diagnoses, the patients' clinical information, including age, sex, smoking status (pack-years), dyspnea grade, length of in-hospital stay, and comorbidities, were extracted from the dataset.
RESULTS
This study included data from 1699 patients. The most frequent causes of pleurisy were neoplastic diseases (55.9%; malignant mesothelioma 22.5%, lung cancer 15.7%, lymphoma 2.5%), followed by infectious diseases (24.0%; tuberculosis 16.2%, parapneumonic pleural effusion 3.6%, empyema 3.5%, nontuberculous mycobacteriosis 0.5%), collagen vascular diseases (2.8%; rheumatoid arthritis 1.3%, immunoglobulin G4-related diseases 0.7%, systemic lupus erythematosus 0.3%), and paragonimiasis (0.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Neoplastic diseases, including malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, were frequently and accurately diagnosed as pleurisy via surgical pleural biopsy. The next leading cause was infectious diseases such as mycobacterial infections. Physicians should consider performing surgical biopsy in light of the knowledge regarding the etiology of pleurisy when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made via needle pleural biopsy.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
PubMed: 35243795
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14368 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Dec 2021To investigate the populations of freshwater crabs, the intermediate host of and infections in freshwater crabs in the Minjiang River basin along the middle section of...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the populations of freshwater crabs, the intermediate host of and infections in freshwater crabs in the Minjiang River basin along the middle section of Wuyi Mountain, so as to provide baseline data for parasitic disease control and research and expansion of the parasite resource bank.
METHODS
From November 2020 to April 2021, freshwater crabs were sampled from streams and ditches neighboring residential areas in Jianning County and its neighboring Ninghua, Shaowu, Jiangle and Shunchang counties. The crab species was identified based on the morphological features of the terminal segment of the first abdominal appendage of male crabs, and infections were detected in freshwater crabs. The metacercariae were isolated, and the types of metacercariae were identified based on the metacercaria size, cystic wall thickness, and the excretory bladder and intestinal tract morphology. In addition, the prevalence, intensity and index of metacercaria infections were calculated in freshwater crabs.
RESULTS
There were seven crab species found in Jianning County and six neighboring water systems along the Minjiang River basin, including , , , , , , , and there were metacercariae of three species detected in these crabs, including , and , with a prevalence rate of 43.6% (125/287). The infection rates of , and were 57.1% (48/84), 26.2% (22/84) and 61.8% (21/34) in , and the infection rates of and were 52.6% (51/97) and 30.9% (30/97) in , while the rate of infection was 6.9% (5/72) in , which is the first record of infections in . Mixed and infections were predominantly found in freshwater crabs sampled from Jianning County, where the rate of infections was 70.4% (76/108), with 15.3 metacercariae identified in each crab with infections and 1.9 metacercariae found in each gram of crabs with infections, and the index of metacercariae infections was 20.5. In addition, , and metacercariae were found in freshwater crabs sampled from Jianning-neighboring counties, where the rate of infections was 52.3% (56/107), with 9.8 metacercariae identified in each crab with infections and 0.9 metacercariae found in each gram of crabs with infections, and the index of metacercariae infections was 4.6.
CONCLUSIONS
There are multiple freshwater crab species and infection is high in freshwater crabs in Jianning County and its neighboring Minjiang River basin, which is a high-risk natural focus for infections.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Fresh Water; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rivers
PubMed: 35128889
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021154 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2022Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Japan; Mustelidae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Raccoon Dogs
PubMed: 35110459
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0573 -
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases... Jan 2022infection is endemic in countries along the Mekong River and certain of its tributaries in the lower Mekong basin, especially in Lao People's Democratic Republic and...
infection is endemic in countries along the Mekong River and certain of its tributaries in the lower Mekong basin, especially in Lao People's Democratic Republic and Cambodia. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is crucial before treatment and epidemiological surveys before and/or after an intervention, such as a mass drug administration. A newly developed immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi, based on antiparasite antibody detection in human sera, was evaluated. The schistosomiasis mekongiICT (ICT) strip was developed using somatic antigen from adult . In total, 209 serum samples were examined, including 14 from parasitologically proven schistosomiasis mekongi patients, 30 from schistosomiasis japonica patients, other parasitosis ( = 135), and healthy volunteers ( = 30) from areas not endemic for . Eleven schistosomiasis mekongi samples were positive according to the ICT, whereas all healthy control samples were negative. Crossreactions with paragonimiasis heterotremus, sparganosis, trichinellosis, and taeniasis saginata samples were observed at 2.4% (4/165). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 78.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.2-95.3), 97.6% (95% CI 93.9-99.3), 73.3% (95% CI 44.9-92.2), 98.2% (95% CI 94.7-99.6), and 96.1% (95% CI 92.1-98.4), respectively. The ICT kit might be useful to assess the prevalence of disease before establishing transmission control and mass deworming campaigns in countries in the Mekong River subregion.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunoassay; Laos; Prevalence; Schistosoma; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 34981973
DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0053 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2022Mainly affecting poorer populations in remote (sub)tropical areas, paragonimiasis is considered one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases by the World Health...
BACKGROUND
Mainly affecting poorer populations in remote (sub)tropical areas, paragonimiasis is considered one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. It is usually acquired by consuming undercooked freshwater crustaceans and primarily affects the lungs, but may ectopically migrate to other organs to produce a multisystemic clinical presentation. This study details what appears to be the first documented case in South America and particularly in Colombia of cerebral paragonimiasis and infection by the crab Moreirocarcinus emarginatus.
CASE PRESENTATION
After consuming this crab, a 32-year-old Colombian male developed dyspnea and headache. A chest X-ray revealed tension pneumothorax (TPT) and a thoracoscopic lung biopsy bronchiolitis, eosinophilia, and granulomatous reaction due to Paragonimus parasites.
RESULTS
Brain tomography and MRI also showed a configuration typical of Paragonimus parasites, namely a predominantly cystic area near the left cuneus with diffusion restriction, a hemosiderin halo, and linear enhancement characteristic of the tunnel sign, indicating an adult worm moving in the brain.
CONCLUSIONS
Cerebral paragonimiasis can occur in the Colombian population and Moreirocarcinus emarginatus can be its cause. In rural areas, education about raw crab consumption would be beneficial, and physicians addressing lung-related complaints should bear paragonimiasis in mind and ask about raw crab consumption.
Topics: Animals; Colombia; Humans; Liver; Lung; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 34974180
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102253 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Oct 2021Following isolation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) from two hunting dogs in Oita prefecture, Japan, we investigated the PRV antigen distribution in the tissues of the...
Following isolation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) from two hunting dogs in Oita prefecture, Japan, we investigated the PRV antigen distribution in the tissues of the infected animals. At necropsy, PRV-associated lesions included facial oedema, tonsillar and meningeal congestion, blotchy haemorrhages on the pericardium and mitral valves, and incomplete splenic contraction in one dog, with less prominent findings in the other dog. Multiple pulmonary nodules were seen in both cases, caused by the diploid form of Paragonimus westermani lung flukes, as confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing analyses. Histological examination revealed that the PRV infection was associated with lesions of non-suppurative encephalitis in the brainstem. PRV antigen was detected in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, submucosal and myenteric plexuses, and mononuclear cells, mainly in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen tissues. There was evidence of PRV dissemination to the brain via the trigeminal or olfactory routes, in addition to possible spread to lymphoid organs via infected mononuclear cells.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Coinfection; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Herpesvirus 1, Suid; Japan; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Pseudorabies; Working Dogs
PubMed: 34686277
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.08.004 -
Genomics & Informatics Sep 2021Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis,...
Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis, and other parasites. Although S. libertina has ecological, commercial, and clinical importance, its whole-genome has not been reported yet. Here, we revealed the genome of S. libertina through de novo assembly. We assembled the whole-genome of S. libertina and determined its transcriptome for the first time using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. According to the k-mer analysis, the genome size of S. libertina was estimated to be 3.04 Gb. Using RepeatMasker, a total of 53.68% of repeats were identified in the genome assembly. Genome data of S. libertina reported in this study will be useful for identification and conservation of S. libertina in East Asia.
PubMed: 34638179
DOI: 10.5808/gi.21039 -
Parasitology International Feb 2022We found juveniles of Paragonimus in the urinary bladder of a Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus formosus) captured in Kyoto. These were molecularly identified as Paragonimus...
We found juveniles of Paragonimus in the urinary bladder of a Japanese toad (Bufo japonicus formosus) captured in Kyoto. These were molecularly identified as Paragonimus skrjabini miyazakii Kamo, Nishida, Hatsushika et Tomimura 1961. This is the first report of P. s. miyazakii found in anuran hosts in Japan, indicating that anurans can be paratenic hosts of P. s. miyazakii, as is also the case for Paragonimus skrjabini skrjabini in China. This finding suggests that definitive hosts of P. s. miyazakii can be infected by eating not only crabs or mammal paratenic hosts, but also anurans.
Topics: Animals; Bufonidae; Japan; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 34597760
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102474 -
IDCases 2021Cerebral paragonimiasis is rare and is usually seen in younger patients. This is a case of a 19-year-old male presenting as a hemorrhagic stroke with headache and...
Cerebral paragonimiasis is rare and is usually seen in younger patients. This is a case of a 19-year-old male presenting as a hemorrhagic stroke with headache and blurred vision. He was found to have cystic thick-walled spaces with focal linear tracking towards the pleural space on computed tomography of the chest. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis with 4% eosinophils. Serological testing confirmed the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. He was treated with praziquantel, corticosteroid taper and anti-epileptic medication and discharged home in stable condition. CNS paragonimiasis is treatable, has a fairly good prognosis but can often be missed. In a young person presenting with an acute hemorrhagic stroke, the possibility of paragonimiasis should be kept on the differential diagnosis.
PubMed: 34589413
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01287 -
Biomedicines Sep 2021Parasites cause numerous health issues in humans, eventually leading to significant social and economic damage; however, the mechanisms of parasite-mediated pathogenesis...
Parasites cause numerous health issues in humans, eventually leading to significant social and economic damage; however, the mechanisms of parasite-mediated pathogenesis are not well understood. Nevertheless, it is clearly evidenced that cancerogenic fluke-induced chronic inflammations and cancer are closely associated with oxidative stress. (1) Methods: The infection's genotoxic potential was assessed in a rat model of simultaneous pulmonary and hepatic paragonimiasis by the alkaline version of single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Statistical analysis of comet parameters was based on the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. (2) Results: A clear and statistically significant increase in DNA damage was detected in the helminth-exposed group versus the control rats and the tissue areas adjacent to the parasite capsule versus remote ones; however, differences in DNA damage patterns between different tissues were not statistically significant. Infection resulted in up to 40% cells with DNA damage and an increased genetic damage index. (3) Conclusions: The data obtained contribute to understanding the pathogenesis mechanisms of paragonimiasis, suggesting oxidative stress as the most likely reason for DNA breaks; these findings allow us to consider as a potentially cancerogenic species, and they are important for the monitoring and treatment of paragonimiasis.
PubMed: 34572365
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091180