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American Journal of Botany May 2023Staminodes are commonly studied in hermaphroditic flowers, in which a fraction of the androecium evolves into infertile structures, but few studies have addressed the...
PREMISE
Staminodes are commonly studied in hermaphroditic flowers, in which a fraction of the androecium evolves into infertile structures, but few studies have addressed the evolution of staminodes as they occur through the loss of stamen function in carpellate flowers. Plants of Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) are monoecious with hermaphroditic flowers with one staminodial whorl, except for the dioecious P. chartacea and P. minima. Dioecious species have carpellate flowers that evolved an additional whorl of staminodes, providing an exceptional opportunity to study a second origin of staminodes in the same flower.
METHODS
Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed the development of carpellate and staminate flowers to determine whether the developmental pathway of the staminodes in hermaphroditic flowers was co-opted during the evolutionary transition to unisexual flowers.
RESULTS
In carpellate flowers, antesepalous staminodes initiate as sterile anthers that develop similar to functioning stamens, but arrest before full development, leaving a rudimentary anther with lateral lobes that correspond to thecae. After antesepalous staminodes arrest, alternisepalous staminodes initiate as structures that correspond with filaments, as they do in staminate and hermaphroditic flowers.
CONCLUSIONS
The second origin of staminodes in carpellate flowers evolved using a different developmental pathway than what had previously evolved in the alternisepalous whorl. The two androecial whorls in the same flowers are serialogous as members of the androecium, but are paralogous as staminodes on the basis of structural and developmental differences.
Topics: Flowers; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 37070618
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16171 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Dental Devices, Home Care; Nails; Nails, Ingrown; Toes
PubMed: 37062460
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.04.012 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Sep 2023The FDA granted accelerated approval for amivantamab-vmjw (hereafter referred to as amivantamab), a bispecific antibody directed against EGFR and mesenchymal-epithelial... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The FDA granted accelerated approval for amivantamab-vmjw (hereafter referred to as amivantamab), a bispecific antibody directed against EGFR and mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor, on May 21, 2021, for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Approval was based on results of an ongoing, multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label, multicohort clinical trial (CHRYSALIS, NCT02609776), demonstrating a substantial overall response rate (ORR) and durable responses, with an ORR of 40% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29-51] and a median response duration of 11.1 months (95% CI: 6.9-not evaluable). Guardant360 CDx was contemporaneously approved as a companion diagnostic for this indication to identify EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in plasma specimens. The most notable safety finding was the high incidence (66%) of infusion-related reactions, which is addressed in both the Dosage and Administration and Warnings and Precautions sections of the product label. Other common adverse reactions (occurring in ≥20% of patients) were rash, paronychia, musculoskeletal pain, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, edema, stomatitis, cough, and constipation. The approval of amivantamab was the first approval of a targeted therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Mutagenesis, Insertional; ErbB Receptors; Exons; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 37022784
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-3713 -
Anticancer Research Apr 2023Osimertinib is a key drug for treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic differences may be... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND/AIM
Osimertinib is a key drug for treating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic differences may be associated to adverse events (AEs) induced by osimertinib. This retrospective observational multicenter study evaluated the association of genotypes, including STAT3 -1697C>G, CYP3A5 6986A>G, and ABCG2 421C>A, with the incidence of osimertinib-induced AEs in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 85 patients treated with osimertinib (Institution A: 33 patients, Institution B: 52 patients) were enrolled in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR, and the incidence of AEs was compared for each genotype.
RESULTS
Paronychia incidence was 59% for the CC genotype, 19% for the CG genotype, and 19% for the GG genotype at STAT3 -1697C>G. A genotype-related trend was observed (Cochran-Armitage test, p=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that the CC genotype at STAT3 -1697C>G and female sex were significant independent factors associated with paronychia [odds ratio (OR)=6.41, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.94-21.20 and OR=3.40, 95%CI=1.03-11.22, respectively]. The incidence of diarrhea was 53% for the CC genotype, 30% for the AC genotype, and 29% for the AA genotype at ABCG2 421C>A, and a genotype-related trend was observed (p=0.048). However, the CC genotype at ABCG2 421C>A was not a significant independent factor associated with diarrhea in multivariate analysis. No significant associations were detected between other polymorphisms and the incidence of AEs.
CONCLUSION
STAT3 -1697C>G may be a novel risk factor for osimertinib-induced paronychia in patients with NSCLC.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aniline Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Diarrhea; ErbB Receptors; Lung Neoplasms; Mutation; Paronychia; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies; STAT3 Transcription Factor; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
PubMed: 36974789
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16331 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2023
Topics: Infant; Humans; Paronychia; Candidiasis, Cutaneous
PubMed: 36958306
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15290 -
Cutis Jan 2023Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors cause numerous cutaneous adverse events (AEs), including papulopustular eruptions, paronychia, acral fissures,...
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors cause numerous cutaneous adverse events (AEs), including papulopustular eruptions, paronychia, acral fissures, xerosis, alopecia, and trichomegaly. Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a cutaneous reaction that has been uncommonly reported in association with EGFR inhibitors, though the optimal management strategy for this condition is unknown. We present 2 cases of SDRIFE secondary to EGFR inhibitor therapy in which the EGFR inhibitor was successfully continued while topical therapy was administered for effective control of symptoms. We also review the literature on EGFR inhibitor-related SDRIFE to assess the range of approaches to treating this condition. Our analysis suggests that the dermatologist is critical in diagnosing and treating this cutaneous AE, which may be supported with skin-directed therapy and may not require discontinuation of cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Exanthema; Drug Eruptions; Skin; Administration, Cutaneous; ErbB Receptors
PubMed: 36947773
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0681 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023All the names in described from South America are investigated. Five names (, subsp. var. , , , and ) are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved at GOET, K, LP,...
All the names in described from South America are investigated. Five names (, subsp. var. , , , and ) are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved at GOET, K, LP, and P. The typification of nine names, first proposed by Chaudhri in 1968 as the "holotype" are corrected according to Art. 9.10 of ICN. Three second-step typifications (Art. 9.17 of ICN) are proposed for , , and . The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: (basionym: subsp. var. ), (Philippi non Gray; Art. 53.1 of ICN), (basionym: subsp. var. ), subsp. (basionym: subsp. ), and subsp. (basionym: subsp. ). A new species () is proposed based on our examination of live plants and herbarium specimens. subsp. var. is synonymized () with . Finally, subsp. is excluded from South America since it was based on misidentified specimens (deposited at MO) of subsp. . A total of 30 species (43 taxa including subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and forms) are recognized, highlighting that for some (, , ) we provisionally accept Chaudhri's infraspecific classification, since the high phenotypic variability of these taxa is quite complicated and further investigations need to solve their taxonomy.
PubMed: 36903924
DOI: 10.3390/plants12051064 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023There are a few reports that focus on radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (CET) therapy exclusively for oral cancer. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the...
There are a few reports that focus on radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (CET) therapy exclusively for oral cancer. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RT and CET therapy for locally advanced (LA) or recurrent/metastatic (R/M) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Seventy-nine patients from 13 hospitals who underwent RT and CET therapy for LA or R/M OSCC between January 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study. Response, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and adverse events were investigated. The completion rate was 62/79 (78.5%). The response rates in patients with LA and R/M OSCC were 69% and 37.8%, respectively. When only completed cases were examined, the response rates were 72.2% and 62.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year OS were 51.5% and 27.8%, respectively (median, 14 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 41.5% and 11.9% (median, 10 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The 1- and 2-year DSS were 61.8% and 33.4%, respectively (median, 17 months), for patients with LA OSCC, and 76.6% and 20.4% (median, 12 months) for patients with R/M OSCC. The most common adverse event was oral mucositis (60.8%), followed by dermatitis, acneiform rash, and paronychia. The completion rate was 85.7% in LA patients and 70.3% in R/M patients. The most common reason for noncompletion was an inadequate radiation dose due to worsening general conditions in R/M patients. Although the standard treatment for LA or R/M oral cancer is concomitant RT with high-dose cisplatin (CCRT) and the efficacy of RT and CET therapy for oral cancer is not considered to be as high as that for other head and neck cancers, it was thought that RT and CET therapy could be possible treatments for patients who cannot use high-dose cisplatin.
Topics: Humans; Cetuximab; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cisplatin; Retrospective Studies; Japan; Mouth Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 36901553
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054545 -
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted... 2022Bowen's disease (BD) is a premalignant condition. Its exact etiology is unknown but chronic arsenic and sun exposure, and human papillomavirus infection is known...
Bowen's disease (BD) is a premalignant condition. Its exact etiology is unknown but chronic arsenic and sun exposure, and human papillomavirus infection is known predisposing factors. Pigmented lesions of BD represent 1.7%-5.5% of all BD cases. BD in the nail unit is challenging due to its varied clinical presentations such as fissure, ulceration, warty lesion, paronychia, onychocryptosis, and nail dystrophy. We present the case of a 43-year-old married, immunocompromised male (HIV), with a CD 4 count of 478, on tenofovir, atazanavir boosted with ritonavir regimen, known diabetic presented with multiple asymptomatic discrete, rounded, hyperpigmented verrucous papules on both surfaces of shaft of penis and scrotum and a single, 4 cm × 3 cm, irregular, smooth surfaced, hyperpigmented plaque, on the base of the penis extending to the upper part of the scrotum of 1-year duration with history of multiple unprotected sexual exposures with unknown female partners. Regional lymphadenopathy and systemic complaints were absent. Biopsy from hyperpigmented verrucous papule and hyperpigmented plaque was consistent with verruca vulgaris and pigmented Bowen's disease, respectively. The patient was lost to follow-up. Ten months later, he presented with longitudinal melanonychia with a subungual hyperpigmented mass protruding beyond the distal nail margin near the lateral nail fold of the right middle finger nail with an absent Hutchinson's sign. Longitudinal excisional biopsy of nail lesion was consistent with BD. He was started on 5-fluorouracil 5% for BD of genitals and podophyllin application for verruca vulgaris with remarkable improvement in both the lesions and there is no recurrence of nail lesion after 9 months of excision.
PubMed: 36743119
DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_2_22 -
Anti-cancer Drugs Jul 2023Osimertinib is recommended as the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults. The most commonly reported adverse events for...
Osimertinib is recommended as the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults. The most commonly reported adverse events for osimertinib are skin effects, diarrhea, nausea, decreased appetite, fatigue, paronychia, and stomatitis. Severe thrombocytopenia is rarely reported. We present a case of severe thrombocytopenia in a 70-year-old NSCLC patient caused by osimertinib combined with sitagliptin. After remission of thrombocytopenia, the patient was well tolerated with osimertinib re-administration in the absence of sitagliptin. We speculated that declined platelet count might be related to the interaction between osimertinib and sitagliptin by acting with a synergistic effect on platelets. Osimertinib rechallenge can be considered after discontinuing drugs that may contribute to platelet decline if possible, and making a careful assessment of complete blood count and risk of bleeding.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Sitagliptin Phosphate; ErbB Receptors; Aniline Compounds; Thrombocytopenia; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Mutation
PubMed: 36729978
DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001443