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Poultry Science Jun 2024Migratory wild birds can carry various pathogens, such as influenza A virus, which can spread to globally and cause disease outbreaks and epidemics. Continuous...
Migratory wild birds can carry various pathogens, such as influenza A virus, which can spread to globally and cause disease outbreaks and epidemics. Continuous epidemiological surveillance of migratory wild birds is of great significance for the early warning, prevention, and control of epidemics. To investigate the pathogen infection status of migratory wild birds in eastern China, fecal samples were collected from wetlands to conduct pathogen surveillance. The results showed that duck orthoreovirus (DRV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) nucleic acid were detected positive in the fecal samples collected from wild ducks, egrets, and swan. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified viral genes reveals that the isolates were closely related to the prevalent strains in the regions involved in East Asian-Australasian (EAA) migratory flyway. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified viral genes confirmed that they were closely related to circulating strains in the regions involved in the EAA migration pathway. The findings of this study have expanded the host range of the orthoreovirus and parvovirus, and revealed possible virus transmission between wild migratory birds and poultry.
PubMed: 38909506
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103940 -
Transplantation Proceedings Jun 2024Kidney transplant recipients are vulnerable to infections, especially cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. It is recommended that clinicians plan their prophylaxis and...
BACKGROUND
Kidney transplant recipients are vulnerable to infections, especially cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. It is recommended that clinicians plan their prophylaxis and therapeutic regimens based on viral load testing.
OBJECTIVE
CMV viral load monitoring testing provides useful information for identifying virologic response and possible antiviral resistance. Due to the paucity of medical literature on guiding viral therapy in cases of CMV tissue disease with nondetectable serum viral load, we intend to provide physicians with evidence on how to guide medical therapy in these cases.
CASE REPORT
A 49-year-old Hispanic male recipient of a kidney transplant from a cadaver donor presented to the emergency department with anorexia, asthenia, diarrhea, weight loss, and supraclavicular and mediastinal adenomegalies at 2 months post-transplantation. Both patients were serum IgG- and IgM-positive for CMV, which classified them as intermediate risk for developing CMV disease or tissue-invasive disease (donor-positive/recipient-positive [D+/R+]). The patient was induced with basiliximab and methylprednisolone and received maintenance therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed due to suspicion for BK virus, B19 parvovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and CMV, with an undetectable viral load for all. A biopsy specimen taken from the gastrointestinal tract confirmed CMV infection, which was corroborated through immunocytochemistry.
CONCLUSIONS
Histopathologic testing is a possible option for patients with CMV tissue disease symptoms but no detectable serum viral load. Clinical observation is fundamental when viral monitoring is difficult.
PubMed: 38908954
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.05.005 -
Biomolecular NMR Assignments Jun 2024Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus,...
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus, treatment options are limited. The minor capsid protein of B19V has a unique N terminus, named VP1u, which is essential for infection. The VP1u encodes a receptor binding domain (RBD), necessary for host cell entry, and a phospholipase A2 (PLA) domain, crucial for endosomal escape during cellular trafficking. Both domains are indispensable for infection, making the RBD a plausible drug target for inhibitors against B19V, as it is located on the exterior surface of the virus. To date, no experimental structural information has been available for the VP1u component for any Parvovirus. Here we report the backbone NMR resonance assignments for the RBD of B19V and demonstrate it forms a stable structure. The backbone chemical shifts are in good agreement with a structure predicted by AlphaFold, validating that the RBD contains three helices connected by tight turns. This RBD construct can now be used for further NMR studies, including assignment of full-length VP1u, determination of protein-protein interaction interfaces, and development of B19 antivirals specific to the RBD domain.
PubMed: 38904726
DOI: 10.1007/s12104-024-10181-7 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Jun 2024From April 2023 to May 2024, an unusual epidemic of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections occurred in France. The number of B19V IgM-positive serologies was four times higher...
From April 2023 to May 2024, an unusual epidemic of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections occurred in France. The number of B19V IgM-positive serologies was four times higher than in the previous epidemic in 2019. Clinical data from emergency networks corroborated this observation. Morbidity and mortality consequences were observed in children through all data sources. In adults, the increase was only observed in laboratory-confirmed data. Physicians and decisionmakers should be informed in order to better prevent, diagnose and manage at-risk patients.
Topics: Humans; France; Parvovirus B19, Human; Disease Outbreaks; Adult; Female; Male; Child; Parvoviridae Infections; Immunoglobulin M; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Middle Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Erythema Infectiosum; Young Adult; Infant; Aged
PubMed: 38904112
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.25.2400339 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Jun 2024
PubMed: 38901439
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00373-6 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jun 2024Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses.
BACKGROUND
Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses.
OBJECTIVES
Assess the frequency of subclinical EqPV-H infection in hospitalized horses and to study viral transmission by investigating potential shedding routes.
ANIMALS
One hundred sixteen equids, that presented to the University Equine Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna between February 2021 and March 2022, for causes other than hepatopathy.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, samples (serum, feces, nasal, and buccal swabs) of hospitalized horses were collected. Sera were screened for the presence of anti-EqPV-H antibodies by a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay. Quantitative PCR was used for the detection of EqPV-H DNA in the samples and a nested PCR was used for further validation.
RESULTS
Seroprevalence was 10.3% (12/116) and viremia occurred in 12.9% (15/116) of the serologically positive horses. The detected viral load in serum varied from non-quantifiable amount to 1.3 × 10 genome equivalents per milliliter of serum. A low viral load of EqPV-H DNA was detected in 2 nasal swabs and 1 fecal sample.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
EqPV-H DNA was detected in nasal secretions and feces of viremic horses, which could pose a risk to naive hospitalized horses. It is advisable to screen hospitalized horses that are potential donors of blood or plasma to reduce the risk of iatrogenic EqPV-H transmission.
PubMed: 38899610
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17129 -
Research Square Jun 2024Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus,...
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that is the causative agent of several diseases in infants and adults. Due to a lack of antivirals against this virus, treatment options are limited. The minor capsid protein of B19V has a unique N terminus, named VP1u, which is essential for infection. The VP1u encodes a receptor binding domain (RBD), necessary for host cell entry, and a phospholipase A2 (PLA) domain, crucial for endosomal escape during cellular trafficking. Both domains are indispensable for infection, making the RBD a plausible drug target for inhibitors against B19V, as it is located on the exterior surface of the virus. To date, no experimental structural information has been available for the VP1u component for any Parvovirus. Here we report the backbone NMR resonance assignments for the RBD of B19V and demonstrate it forms a stable structure. The backbone chemical shifts are in good agreement with a structure predicted by AlphaFold, validating that the RBD contains three helices connected by tight turns. This RBD construct can now be used for further NMR studies, including assignment of full-length VP1u, determination of protein-protein interaction interfaces, and development of B19 antivirals specific to the RBD domain. BMRB submission code: 52440.
PubMed: 38883784
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4441481/v1 -
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and... 2024Transplacental infections are frequent, especially in developing countries, where limited screening is performed to find infectious agents in the pregnant population. We...
INTRODUCTION
Transplacental infections are frequent, especially in developing countries, where limited screening is performed to find infectious agents in the pregnant population. We aim to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and seroinfection of antibodies against , parvovirus B19, , and HIV in pregnant women who attended the Motupe Health Center in Lambayeque, Peru during July-August 2018.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 179 pregnant women interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. ELISA was used to determine antibodies to and parvovirus B19. The detection of syphilis and HIV was conducted using immunochromatography, while the detection of hepatitis B was conducted using FTA-ABS and immunofluorescence, respectively.
RESULTS
Of 179 pregnant women, syphilis and HIV infections routinely included in the screening of pregnant women presented a seroinfection of 2.2 and 0.6%, respectively. Toxoplasmosis seroinfection was 25.1%, while IgM antiparvovirus B19 was 40.8%, revealing that pregnant women had an active infection at the time of study.
CONCLUSION
The level of seroinfection of toxoplasmosis reveals the risk to which pregnant women who participated in the study are exposed. The high seroinfection of parvovirus B19 could explain the cases of spontaneous abortion and levels of anemia in newborn that have been reported in Motupe, Lambayeque, Peru. However, future causality studies are necessary to determine the significance of these findings.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Peru; Treponema pallidum; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Syphilis; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Toxoplasmosis; HIV Infections; Toxoplasma; Young Adult; Parvovirus B19, Human; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antibodies, Viral; Adolescent; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 38883209
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8844325 -
The Journal of the Association of... Apr 2024Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive hematological disorder caused by uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells,...
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive hematological disorder caused by uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages leading to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm. The clinical course is characterized by high-grade fever, cytopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction. HLH is classified as either primary/familial or secondary, the latter being most often triggered by infections, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders. Viral infections are commonly known to cause HLH with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza virus, adenovirus, and parvovirus being most often implicated. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has infrequently been reported to cause HLH with less than five cases being reported in the literature. We report a case of a young man who presented with hepatitis E-associated HLH.
Topics: Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Male; Hepatitis E; Adult; Acute Disease
PubMed: 38881088
DOI: 10.59556/japi.72.0499 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2024Short-beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) is a new disease caused by a genetic variant of goose parvovirus in ducks that results in enormous economic losses for the...
Short-beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) is a new disease caused by a genetic variant of goose parvovirus in ducks that results in enormous economic losses for the waterfowl industry. Currently, there is no commercial vaccine for this disease, so it is urgent to develop a safer and more effective vaccine to prevent this disease. In this study, we optimized the production conditions to enhance the expression of the recombinant VP2 protein and identified the optimal conditions for subsequent large-scale expression. Furthermore, the protein underwent purification via nickel column affinity chromatography, followed by concentration using ultrafiltration tube. Subsequently, it was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the NGPV recombinant VP2 protein assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) resembling those of the original virus. Finally, the ISA 78-VG adjuvant was mixed with the NGPV-VP2 VLPs to be prepared as a subunit vaccine. Furthermore, both agar gel precipitation test (AGP) and serum neutralization test demonstrated that NGPV VLP subunit vaccine could induce the increase of NGPV antibody in breeding ducks. The ducklings were also challenged with the NGPV, and the results showed that the maternal antibody level could provide sufficient protection to the ducklings. These results indicated that the use of the NGPV VLP subunit vaccine based on the baculovirus expression system could facilitate the large-scale development of a reliable vaccine in the future.
PubMed: 38880314
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106751