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Physiologia Plantarum 2024During microspore embryogenesis, microspores are induced to develop into haploid embryos. In Brassica napus, microspore embryogenesis is induced by a heat shock (HS),...
The different response of Brassica napus genotypes to microspore embryogenesis induced by heat shock and trichostatin A is not determined by changes in cell wall structure and composition but by different stress tolerance.
During microspore embryogenesis, microspores are induced to develop into haploid embryos. In Brassica napus, microspore embryogenesis is induced by a heat shock (HS), which initially produces embryogenic structures with different cell wall architectures and compositions, and with different potentials to develop into embryos. The B. napus DH4079 and DH12075 genotypes have high and very low embryo yields, respectively. In DH12075, embryo yield is greatly increased by combining HS and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). However, we show that HS + TSA inhibits embryogenesis in the highly embryogenic DH4079 line. To ascertain why TSA has such different effects in these lines, we treated DH4079 and DH12075 microspore cultures with TSA and compared the cell wall structure and composition of the different embryogenic structures in both lines, specifically the in situ levels and distribution of callose, cellulose, arabinogalactan proteins and high and low methyl-esterified pectin. For both lines, HS + TSA led to the formation of cell walls unfavorable for embryogenesis progression, with reduced levels of arabinogalactan proteins, reduced cell adhesion of inner walls and altered pectin composition. Thus, TSA effects on cell walls cannot explain their different embryogenic response to TSA. We also applied TSA to DH4079 cultures at different times and concentrations before HS application, with no negative effects on embryogenic induction. These results indicate that DH4079 microspores are hypersensitive to combined TSA and HS treatments, and open up new hypotheses about the causes of such hypersensitivity.
Topics: Brassica napus; Cell Wall; Hydroxamic Acids; Heat-Shock Response; Genotype; Pollen; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38923567
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14405 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2024Understanding the formation of ice crystals is essential for tailoring the microstructure and physical properties of cryogels. This study investigated the effects and...
Understanding the formation of ice crystals is essential for tailoring the microstructure and physical properties of cryogels. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of pectin molecular weight (Mw) on impacting ice crystal formation. Pectin fractions various Mw (10.13-212.20 kDa) were prepared by hydrothermal method. The solution of high Mw pectin fractions exhibited higher contact angle, lower water freedom, and stronger adsorption of water molecules. The splat experiment and molecular dynamic (MD) results confirmed that higher Mw pectin have stronger ice crystal growth inhibition activity than lower Mw pectin. Furthermore, the pore size distribution of the cryogel increased from 98-203 μm to 105-267 μm as the molecular weight decreased from 212.2 kDa to 121.0 kDa. Additionally, in the higher Mw pectin cryogel, stronger mechanical strength was observed. These findings suggested that changing the molecular weight of pectin has the potential to regulate the ice crystal growth, microstructure and physical properties of frozen products.
PubMed: 38858011
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122312 -
Plant Cell Reports Jun 2024Calcium polypeptide plays a key role during cadmium stress responses in rice, which is involved in increasing peroxidase activity, modulating pectin methylesterase...
Calcium polypeptide plays a key role during cadmium stress responses in rice, which is involved in increasing peroxidase activity, modulating pectin methylesterase activity, and regulating cell wall by reducing malondialdehyde content. Cadmium (Cd) contamination threatens agriculture and human health globally, emphasizing the need for sustainable methods to reduce cadmium toxicity in crops. Calcium polypeptide (CaP) is a highly water-soluble small molecular peptide acknowledged for its potential as an organic fertilizer in promoting plant growth. However, it is still unknown whether CaP has effects on mitigating Cd toxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of CaP application on the ability to tolerate toxic Cd in rice. We evaluated the impact of CaP on rice seedlings under varying Cd stress conditions and investigated the effect mechanism of CaP mitigating Cd toxicity by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent probe dye, immunofluorescent labeling, and biochemical analysis. We found a notable alleviation of Cd toxicity by reduced malondialdehyde content and increased peroxidase activity. In addition, our findings reveal that CaP induces structural alterations in the root cell wall by modulating pectin methylesterase activity. Altogether, our results confirm that CaP not only promoted biomass accumulation but also reduced Cd concentration in rice. This study contributes valuable insights to sustainable strategies for addressing Cd contamination in agricultural ecosystems.
Topics: Oryza; Cadmium; Oxidative Stress; Pectins; Malondialdehyde; Plant Proteins; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cell Wall; Seedlings; Peptides; Plant Roots; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38842544
DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03253-4 -
Pharmaceutics May 2024A general procedure to prepare gold nanourchins (GNUs) via a seed-mediated method was followed using dopamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and silver nitrate salt...
A general procedure to prepare gold nanourchins (GNUs) via a seed-mediated method was followed using dopamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and silver nitrate salt (AgNO) as a shape-directing agent. The novelty of this study comes from the successful incorporation of the prepared gold urchins as an aqueous suspension in a nasal pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation and the investigation of their potential for olfactory targeting for direct nose-to-brain drug delivery (NTBDD). The developed pMDI formulation was composed of 0.025% / GNUs, 2% / Milli-Q water, and 2% / EtOH, with the balance of the formulation being HFA134a propellant. Particle integrity and aerosolization performance were examined using an aerosol exposure system, whereas the nasal deposition profile was tested in a sectioned anatomical replica of human nasal airways. The compatibility of the gold dispersion with the nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650 was also investigated in this study. Colloidal gold was found to be stable following six-month storage at 4 °C and during the lyophilization process utilizing a pectin matrix for complete re-dispersibility in water. The GNUs were intact and discrete following atomization via a pMDI, and 13% of the delivered particles were detected beyond the nasal valve, the narrowest region in the nasal cavity, out of which 5.6% was recovered from the olfactory region. Moreover, the formulation was found to be compatible with the human nasal epithelium cell line RPMI 2650 and excellent cell viability was observed. The formulated GNU-HFA-based pMDI is a promising approach for intranasal drug delivery, including deposition in the olfactory region, which could be employed for NTBDD applications.
PubMed: 38794331
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050669 -
BMC Cancer May 2024Breast cancer patients often have a poor prognosis largely due to lack of effective targeted therapy. It is now well established that monosaccharide enhances growth...
Breast cancer patients often have a poor prognosis largely due to lack of effective targeted therapy. It is now well established that monosaccharide enhances growth retardation and chemotherapy sensitivity in tumor cells. However, Pectinose whether has capability to restrict the proliferation of tumor cells remain unclear. Here, we report that Pectinose induced cytotoxicity is modulated by autophagy and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer cell lines. The proliferation of cells was dramatically inhibited by Pectinose exposure in a dose-dependent manner, which was relevant to cell cycle arrest, as demonstrated by G2/M cell cycle restriction and ectopic expression of Cyclin A, Cyclin B, p21and p27. Mechanistically, we further identified that Pectinose is positively associated with autophagy and the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling in breast cancer. In contrast, 3-Ma or SB203580, the inhibitor of autophagy or p38 MAPK, reversed the efficacy of Pectinose suppressing on breast cancer cell lines proliferation and cell cycle process. Additionally, Pectinose in vivo treatment could significantly inhibit xenograft growth of breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings were the first to reveal that Pectinose triggered cell cycle arrest by inducing autophagy through the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells,especially in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Mice; Autophagy; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; MAP Kinase Signaling System; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pectins; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 38789954
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12293-8 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Herein, 5-fluorouracil and shikonin (extracted from Fusarium tricinctum) were loaded in chitosan/pectin nanoparticle (CS/PEC-NPs), prepared by blending (B-CS/PEC-NPs)...
Herein, 5-fluorouracil and shikonin (extracted from Fusarium tricinctum) were loaded in chitosan/pectin nanoparticle (CS/PEC-NPs), prepared by blending (B-CS/PEC-NPs) and coating (C-CS/PEC-NPs) methods. The nanoparticles characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Light Scattering (DLS). Then, some properties of the nanoparticles such as drug release rate and the nanoparticles cytotoxicity were studied. The FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and DLS results showed that the nanoparticles synthesized properly with an almost spherical morphology, an average size of 82-93 nm for B-CS/PEC-NPs, an average diameter of below 100 nm (mostly 66-89 nm) for C-CS/PEC-NPs, and hydrodynamic diameter of 310-817 nm. The drug release results indicated the lower release rate of drugs for B-CS/PEC-NPs relative to C-CS/PEC-NPs at different pHs, high release rate of drugs for the nanoparticles in the simulated large intestinal fluids containing pectinase, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model for release of the drugs. The results showed more cytotoxicity of B-CS/PEC-NPs containing drugs, especially B-CS/PEC-NPs containing both drugs (B-CS/PEC/5-FU/SHK-NPs) after treating with pectinase (IC of 18.6 μg/mL). In conclusion, despite the limitation of C-CS/PEC-NPs for simultaneous loading of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, B-CS/PEC-NPs showed suitable potency for loading and targeted delivery of the drugs.
Topics: Fluorouracil; Chitosan; Pectins; Naphthoquinones; Nanoparticles; Drug Liberation; Drug Carriers; Humans; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Delivery Systems; Cell Line, Tumor; Particle Size
PubMed: 38761911
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132413 -
Chemosphere Jul 2024Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widely recognized environment pollutant known for its high bioaccumulation potential and a long elimination half-life. Several...
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure leads to downregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 expression and upregulation of markers associated with intestinal carcinogenesis in mouse intestinal tissues.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widely recognized environment pollutant known for its high bioaccumulation potential and a long elimination half-life. Several studies have shown that PFOS can alter multiple biological pathways and negatively affect human health. Considering the direct exposure to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to environmental pollutants, PFOS can potentially disrupt intestinal homeostasis. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of PFOS exposure on normal intestinal tissues, and its contribution to GI-associated diseases remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the effect of PFOS exposure on the gene expression profile of intestinal tissues of C57BL/6 mice using RNAseq analysis. We found that PFOS exposure in drinking water significantly downregulates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting ketogenic enzyme, in intestinal tissues of mice. We found that diets containing the soluble fibers inulin and pectin, which are known to be protective against PFOS exposure, were ineffective in reversing the downregulation of HMGCS2 expression in vivo. Analysis of intestinal tissues also demonstrated that PFOS exposure leads to upregulation of proteins implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, including β-catenin, c-MYC, mTOR and FASN. Consistent with the in vivo results, PFOS exposure leads to downregulation of HMGCS2 in mouse and human normal intestinal organoids in vitro. Furthermore, we show that shRNA-mediated knockdown of HMGCS2 in a human normal intestinal cell line resulted in increased cell proliferation and upregulation of key proliferation-associated proteins such as cyclin D, survivin, ERK1/2 and AKT, along with an increase in lipid accumulation. In summary, our results suggest that PFOS exposure may contribute to pathological changes in normal intestinal cells via downregulation of HMGCS2 expression and upregulation of pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways that may increase the risk of colorectal cancer development.
Topics: Animals; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Fluorocarbons; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Carcinogenesis; Down-Regulation; Intestinal Neoplasms; Up-Regulation; Environmental Pollutants; Intestines; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 38754493
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142332 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... May 2024Proline metabolism plays a crucial role in both environmental stress responses and plant growth. However, the specific mechanism by which proline contributes to abiotic...
Rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1), as a suppressor of E3 ubiquitin ligase Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (AtRZF1), is involved in dehydration response to mediate proline synthesis and pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I composition.
Proline metabolism plays a crucial role in both environmental stress responses and plant growth. However, the specific mechanism by which proline contributes to abiotic stress processes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) as a parental line for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis and identified a suppressor mutant of atrzf1, designated proline content alterative 31 (pca31). The pca31 mutant suppressed the insensitivity of atrzf1 to dehydration stress during early seedling growth. Using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced-PCR, we found that the T-DNA of pca31 was inserted into the promoter region of the At2g22620 gene, which encodes the cell wall enzyme rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1). Enzymatic assays indicated that RGL1 exhibited rhamnogalacturonan lyase activity, influencing cell wall pectin composition. The decrease in RGL1 gene expression suppressed the transcriptomic perturbation of the atrzf1 mutant. Silencing of the RGL1 gene in atrzf1 resulted in a sensitive phenotype similar to pca31 under osmotic stress conditions. Treatment with mannitol, salt, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid induced RGL1 expression. Furthermore, we uncovered that RGL1 plays a role in modulating root growth and vascular tissue development. Molecular, physiological, and genetic experiments revealed that the positive modulation of RGL1 during abiotic stress was linked to the AtRZF1 pathway. Taken together, these findings establish that pca31 acts as a suppressor of atrzf1 in abiotic stress responses through proline and cell wall metabolisms.
PubMed: 38743860
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16808 -
JGH Open : An Open Access Journal of... May 2024To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for () treatment.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for () treatment.
METHODS
From August 2022 to May 2023, clinical data were collected from patients who received eradication treatment at West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University. One group received the MVAB regimen (amoxicillin, minocycline, vonoprazan, and colloidal bismuth pectin), while another group received the FOAB regimen (amoxicillin, furazolidone, omeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin), both administered for 14 days. Follow-up assessments of safety and compliance were conducted within 1 week after treatment completion. One and a half months after treatment, the success of eradication was evaluated using the urea breath test.
RESULTS
For the MVAB regimen as a first-line treatment, the eradication rate was 90.1% (127/141, 95% CI: 85.1-95.1%) in the ITT analysis and 93.4% (127/136, 95% CI: 89.2-97.6%) in the PP analysis as a first-line treatment. As a second-line treatment, the eradication rate was 91.3% (21/23, 95% CI: 78.8-103.8%) in both analyses. For the FOAB regimen as a first-line treatment, the eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51, 95% CI: 94.1-101.2%) in the ITT analysis and 100% (50/50, 95% CI: 100%) in the PP analysis. As a second-line treatment, the eradication rate was 100% (6/6, 95% CI: 100%) in both analyses. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (MVAB regimen: 5.5% and FOAB regimen: 8.8%; > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The MVAB regimen could indeed be a viable alternative treatment option to conventional therapies.
PubMed: 38699469
DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13070 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024This study investigates the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), owing to the low cost and abundance of selenium. However, the toxicity of SeNP prompts the...
Design, fabrication, and evaluation of keratin and pectin incorporated supramolecular structured zero-oxidation state selenium nanogel blended 3D printed transdermal patch.
This study investigates the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), owing to the low cost and abundance of selenium. However, the toxicity of SeNP prompts the development of a selenium nanocomposite (SeNC) containing pectin, keratin, and ferulic acid to improve the bioactivity of Se[0]. Further, incorporating the SeNC in a suitable formulation for drug delivery as a transdermal patch was worth studying. Accordingly, various analytical techniques were used to characterize the SeNPs and the SeNC, confirming successful synthesis and encapsulation. The SeNC exhibited notable particle size of 448.2 ± 50.2 nm, high encapsulation efficiency (98.90 % ± 2.4 %), 28.1 ± 0.45 drug loading, and sustained drug release at pH 5.5. Zeta potential and XPS confirmed the zero-oxidation state. The supramolecular structure was evident from spectral analysis endorsing the semi-crystalline nature of the SeNC and SEM images showcasing flower-shaped structures. Further, the SeNC demonstrated sustained drug release (approx. 22 % at 48 h) and wound-healing potential in L929 fibroblast cells. Subsequently, the SeNC loaded into a gelling agent exhibited shear thinning properties and improved drug release by nearly 58 %. A 3D printed reservoir-type transdermal patch was developed utilizing the SeNC-loaded gel, surpassing commercially available patches in characteristics such as % moisture uptake, tensile strength, and hydrophobicity. The patch, evaluated through permeation studies and CAM assay, exhibited controlled drug release and angiogenic properties for enhanced wound healing. The study concludes that this patch can serve as a smart dressing with tailored functionality for different wound stages, offering a promising novel drug delivery system for wound healing.
Topics: Selenium; Pectins; Transdermal Patch; Keratins; Animals; Drug Liberation; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Nanogels; Mice; Oxidation-Reduction; Wound Healing; Cell Line; Nanocomposites; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Particle Size
PubMed: 38692999
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131769