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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2020Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is...
Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is considered as non-pathogenic protozoa in many kinds of mammals, it has the potential for zoonotic transmission. T. foetus has been recognized as the emerging causative agent of diarrhea in cats without the risk of zoonotic transmission. As pet shops are the major source of young companion animals, the present study discusses the molecular prevalence of P. hominis and T. foetus from 544 pet shop puppies and 409 kittens. The results suggest that the prevalence of P. hominis (puppies: 7.0%; kittens: 0.5%) and T. foetus (puppies: 0%; kittens: 2.4%) in pet shop young animals are low. In addition, the infections of P. hominis and T. foetus are not always associated with the clinical signs (soft or diarrhea feces).
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Japan; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Trichomonadida; Tritrichomonas foetus; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33237191
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612020098 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2020The aim was to perform systematic review of genitourinary protozoan invasion and analyze their pathogenicity and the ability to influence the genitourinary infections.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to perform systematic review of genitourinary protozoan invasion and analyze their pathogenicity and the ability to influence the genitourinary infections.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: For systematic review of papers the EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched. We also reviewed our own pilot studies using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia lamblia.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Giardia lamblia can cause genitourinary invasion in addition to Trichomonas vaginalis. Their eradication is obligatory at least for not keeping intact pathogenic microorganisms phagocyted by Trichomonas spp. Defining the protozoan forms is important in preventing of genital infections recurrences and reinfections.
Topics: Genitalia; Giardia; Humans; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 32248179
DOI: No ID Found -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2019Objective - study of the features of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion in pregnant women and newborns. The cultures of Trichomonas isolated from a pregnant woman, her...
Objective - study of the features of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion in pregnant women and newborns. The cultures of Trichomonas isolated from a pregnant woman, her newborn girl, as well as amniotic fluid were examined. The ultrastructure of the cells was studied using a TEM-125K microscope equipped with a SAI-01A system (SELMI), using a DX 2 CCD camera and the KAPPA software package. The verification of STI pathogens was carried out by PCR, in particular, Trichomonas tenax and Pentatrichomonas hominis were identified by experimental original primers that were developed using real-time PCR (PCR-RT). The invasion of Trichomonas vaginalis of the genital tract of a newborn girl, amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane is characterized clinically and instrumentally. We proved the possibility of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion of newborn children not only during the passage of the child through the infected birth canal, but also due to a defect in the fetal membranes with the development of chorioamnionitis, followed by infection of the amniotic fluid and possible infection of the fetus.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina
PubMed: 32011293
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasitology Research Feb 2020The trichomonad species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis have been reported in the bovine digestive tract in only a few studies, and the prevalence...
The trichomonad species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis have been reported in the bovine digestive tract in only a few studies, and the prevalence and pathogenicity of these two protists in cattle herds remain unknown. In this study, the prevalence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis in yellow cattle, dairy cattle, and water buffalo in Anhui Province, China, was determined with a PCR analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The overall infection rates for T. buttreyi and P. hominis were 8.1% and 5.4%, respectively. Double infections were found in 15 (1.6%) samples from four farms. The prevalence of P. hominis in cattle with abnormal feces was significantly higher than that in cattle with normal feces (χ = 13.0, p < 0.01), and the prevalence of T. buttreyi in the northern region of Anhui Province was also significantly higher than that in the mid region (χ = 16.6, p < 0.01). Minor allelic variations were detected in the T. buttreyi isolates from cattle in this study, as in other hosts in previous studies. Morphological observations, together with the PCR analysis, demonstrated that the trichomonads isolated in this study were P. hominis. The presence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis indicated that cattle are natural hosts of these two trichomonads and could be a potential source of P. hominis infections in humans and other animal hosts.
Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; China; Feces; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 31823007
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06550-0 -
Veterinary Parasitology Dec 2019Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from feline and bovine origin has been previously shown to carry a certain degree of genetic heterogeneity. Here, novel candidate...
Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from feline and bovine origin has been previously shown to carry a certain degree of genetic heterogeneity. Here, novel candidate molecular markers were developed by means of multilocus sequence typing of the gap2 gene (encoding for T. foetus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), ITS region, the TR7/TR8 variable-length repeat and microsatellite genotyping. These markers were used to characterize T. foetus field isolates from bulls and domestic cats and to compare phylogenetically with the following ATCC isolates: T. foetus isolated from cattle and pig (syn. Tritrichomonas suis), Tritrichomonas mobilensis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Among them, TFMS10 and TFMS7 were found to be the most polymorphic markers. Moreover, an 809 bp fragment of the gap2 gene was successfully amplified from all the trichomonads included in this study and the sequence analysis revealed differences between T. foetus porcine and feline genotypes and T. mobilensis in comparison to the bovine T. foetus ATCC isolate. The TR7/TR8 repeat pattern was not reproducible, being only consistent the fragments of approximately 110 and 217 bp. Sequence analysis of the latter revealed the existence of 3 SNPs resulting in 98.6 % homology between bovine and feline isolates. A search for similar sequences was carried out to develop a Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism analysis. A 503 bp region, named TF1, revealed the existence of two BbvI restriction enzyme sites that were able to generate different length fragments for T. foetus feline and bovine isolates. Finally, the neighbour-joining analyses showed that T. foetus porcine genotype clusters together with bovine genotype, whereas T. mobilensis and the feline genotype form a separate cluster.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Consensus Sequence; DNA, Ribosomal; Genetic Markers; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating); Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Minisatellite Repeats; Molecular Sequence Data; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Alignment; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 31726324
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108965 -
Parasites & Vectors Aug 2019Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer...
BACKGROUND
Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer progression, little is known about the epidemiology of P. hominis infection in cancer patients.
METHODS
To determine the prevalence of P. hominis in patients with digestive system malignancies, we collected 195 and 142 fecal samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients and residents without any complaints related to the digestive system, respectively. Each sample was detected for the presence of P. hominis by nested PCR amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial 18S rRNA gene.
RESULTS
A significantly higher prevalence of P. hominis was found in cancer patients than that in the control population (41.54 vs 9.15%, χ = 42.84, df = 1, P < 0.001), resulting in a 6.75-fold risk of gastrointestinal cancers (OR: 6.75, 95% CI: 3.55-12.83, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of P. hominis infection was detected in small intestine cancer patients (60%, OR: 14.88, 95% CI: 0.82-4.58, P = 0.009) followed by liver (57.14%, χ = 10.82, df = 1, P = 0.001) and stomach cancer patients (45.1%, χ = 31.95, df = 1, P < 0.001). In addition, phylogenetic analysis provided some evidence supporting that human P. hominis infection might derive from animal sources.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this study is the first report presenting the high association between P. hominis and gastrointestinal cancers. Nevertheless, whether there is any possible pathological role of P. hominis infection in cancer patients needs to be further elucidated.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; DNA, Intergenic; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 31462294
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3684-4 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2019Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that has been definitively identified as an agent of trichomonosis, a disease characterized by chronic diarrhea. T. foetus colonizes... (Review)
Review
Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that has been definitively identified as an agent of trichomonosis, a disease characterized by chronic diarrhea. T. foetus colonizes portions of the feline large intestine, and manifests as chronic and recurrent diarrhea with mucus and fresh blood, which is often unresponsive to common drugs. Diagnosis of a trichomonad infection is made by either the demonstration of the trophozoite on a direct fecal smear, fecal culture and subsequent microscopic examination of the parasite, or extraction of DNA in feces and amplification by the use of molecular tools. T. foetus is commonly misidentified as other flagellate protozoa such as Giardia duodenalis and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Without proper treatment, the diarrhea may resolve spontaneously in months to years, but cats can remain carriers of the parasite. This paper intends to serve as a source of information for investigators and veterinarians, reviewing the most important aspects of feline trichomonosis, such as trichomonad history, biology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, world distribution, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; DNA, Protozoan; Diarrhea; Feces; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Risk Factors; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 30892464
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612019005 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2018In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the...
BACKGROUND
In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the epidemiology of these neglected parasites in the Chinese pig population.
METHODS
The prevalence of , and among 500 fecal specimens from pigs at seven pigs farms in Anhui Province in China between Oct and Dec 2014, was determined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates for , and were 2.8% (14/500), 42.0% (210/500) and 7.8% (39/500), respectively. Mixed infections of two or three trichomonads were detected in 24 samples. The prevalence of the three trichomonads differed significantly between some age groups, with higher infection rates of and in nursery pigs and in preweaned pigs. The SSU rRNA sequences from and showed 100% homology with their respective homologous database sequences. However, we observed minor allelic variations in the SSU rRNA sequences from , and the five representative sequences identified were named firstly as types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moreover, type 1 was found to be dominant in the present study.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the potential risk posed by pigs in the transmission of trichomonad infections to humans and other animals.
PubMed: 30697314
DOI: No ID Found -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2018We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and...
We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and microscopically during routine parasitological examinations. Samples were then evaluated by Native-Lugol and formol-ethyl acetate centrifugation method. To exclude other pathogenic bacterial agents, a bacteriological culture method was applied. Samples were evaluated using a qualitative immunochromatographic test kit for rotavirus and adenovirus. We presented three cases of 77-year-old and 10-year-old male and 9-year-old female patients. Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to the hospital with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weakness in July 2013. Leukocytes and active P. hominis trophozoites were detected. No bacterial and other parasitic and viral agents were found in their stool specimens. Oral metronidazole treatments were administered to the patients. In Case 3, P. hominis trophozoites were detected in the cellophane band in the plastic locked bag which could survive for 48 hduring a field survey in May 2012. Case 3 was contacted and advised to visit a pediatrician. P. hominis is a rare parasitic zoonosis, and we believe that it should not be ignored among diarrheal agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Antitrichomonal Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 30070647
DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.4846 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2018Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common ailment affecting captive rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta). ICD cases are characterized by diarrhea in the absence of...
Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common ailment affecting captive rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta). ICD cases are characterized by diarrhea in the absence of commonly identified diarrheal pathogens and multiple recurrences even after supportive therapy. Histologically, the disease is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic colitis. We identified 35 rhesus macaques euthanized for ICD during a 7-month period and described demographic, clinical, histologic, and immunologic commonalities. We found a trend of historic Campylobacter spp. and trichomonad infections. Furthermore, rhesus macaques with ICD demonstrated loss of normal colonic adherent bacterium, identified in this study as Helicobacter macacae; increased abundance of Pentatrichomonas hominis; and increased frequency of colonic serotonin-positive enterochromaffin cells. Interestingly, colonic and ileal T-helper cells of animals with ICD manifested decreased capacity for expression of certain cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. These data further describe a common ailment and suggest new avenues to identify complex interactions involved in the etiology of recurring diarrhea in young rhesus macaques.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Cytokines; Diarrhea; Dysbiosis; Enterochromaffin Cells; Female; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Macaca mulatta; Male; Primate Diseases; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29929446
DOI: 10.1177/0300985818780449