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Canadian Journal of Microbiology Sep 2023Anaerobic microorganisms in Canada Natural Upgrading Limited (CNUL) fluid fine tailings (FFT) are sustained by residual solvent hydrocarbons. Although FFT are...
Anaerobic microorganisms in Canada Natural Upgrading Limited (CNUL) fluid fine tailings (FFT) are sustained by residual solvent hydrocarbons. Although FFT are methanogenic in nature, sulfate-reducing microorganisms represent a significant portion of FFT bacterial community. In this study, we examined biodegradation of three -alkanes (2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane), representing major -alkanes in paraffinic solvent, in CNUL FFT under sulfate-reducing conditions. During ∼1100 days of incubation, only 2-methylpentane was degraded partially, whereas 2-methylbutane and 3-methylpentane were not degraded. During active degradation of 2-methylpentane, the bacterial community was dominated by Anaerolineaceae followed by Syntrophaceae, Peptococcaceae, Desulfobacteraceae, and Desulfobulbaceae. The archaeal community was co-dominated by acetoclastic (Methanosaetaceae) and hydrogenotrophic (Methanobacteriaceae) methanogens. This study underlines the limited capability of the microbial community indigenous to CNUL FFT in degrading recalcitrant -alkanes under sulfate-reducing conditions.
Topics: Alkanes; Methane; Sulfates; Oil and Gas Fields; Petroleum; Euryarchaeota; Solvents; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37235883
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0022 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023Undernutrition may change cecal microbiota-epithelium interactions to influence cecal feed fermentation, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and immune function. Sixteen...
Undernutrition may change cecal microbiota-epithelium interactions to influence cecal feed fermentation, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and immune function. Sixteen late-gestation Hu-sheep were randomly divided into control (normal feeding) and treatment (feed restriction) groups to establish an undernourished sheep model. Cecal digesta and epithelium were collected to analyze microbiota-host interactions based on 16S rRNA gene and transcriptome sequencing. Results showed that cecal weight and pH were decreased, volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins concentrations were increased, and epithelial morphology was changed upon undernutrition. Undernutrition reduced the diversity, richness, and evenness of cecal microbiota. The relative abundances of cecal genera involved in acetate production ( dgA-11 gut group, RC9 gut group, and ) and negatively correlated with butyrate proportion ( vadinBB60 group_norank) were decreased, while genera related to butyrate (_uncultured and _uncultured) and valerate (_uncultured) production were increased in undernourished ewes. These findings were consistent with the decreased molar proportion of acetate and the increased molar proportions of butyrate and valerate. Undernutrition changed the overall transcriptional profile and substance transport and metabolism in cecal epithelium. Undernutrition suppressed extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and intracellular phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway then disrupted biological processes in cecal epithelium. Moreover, undernutrition repressed phagosome antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and intestinal immune network. In conclusion, undernutrition affected cecal microbial diversity and composition and fermentation parameters, inhibited extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and the PI3K signaling pathway, and then disrupted epithelial proliferation and renewal and intestinal immune functions. Our findings exposed cecal microbiota-host interactions upon undernutrition and contribute to their further exploration. Undernutrition is commonly encountered in ruminant production, especially during pregnancy and lactation in females. Undernutrition not only induces metabolic diseases and threatens pregnant mothers' health, but also inhibits fetal growth and development, leading to weakness or even death of fetuses. Cecum works importantly in hindgut fermentation, providing volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins to the organism. Intestinal epithelial tissue plays a role in nutrient absorption and transport, barrier function, and immune function. However, little is known about cecal microbiota and epithelium interactions upon undernutrition. Our findings showed that undernutrition affected bacterial structures and functions, which changed fermentation parameters and energy regimens, and therefore affected the substance transport and metabolism in cecal epithelium. Extracellular matrix-receptor interactions were inhibited, which repressed cecal epithelial morphology and cecal weight via the PI3K signaling pathway and lowered immune response function upon undernutrition. These findings will help in further exploring microbe-host interactions.
PubMed: 36976022
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05320-22 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023An association between Graves' disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
An association between Graves' disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear.
METHODS
Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to detect the causal effect between GD and the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome data were derived from samples from a range of different ethnicities (18,340 samples) and data on GD were obtained from samples of Asian ethnicity (212,453 samples). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables according to different criteria. They were used to evaluate the causal effect between exposures and outcomes through inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and simple mode methods. -statistics and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate bias and reliability.
RESULTS
In total, 1,560 instrumental variables were extracted from the gut microbiome data (< 1 × 10). The classes [odds ratio (OR) = 3.603] and , as well as the genera group, , and UCG 011 were identified as risk factors for GD. The family and the genus (OR = 0.489) were protective factors for GD. In addition, 13 instrumental variables were extracted from GD (< 1 × 10), causing one family and eight genera to be regulated. The genus group ( = 0.024, OR = 0.918) and ( = 0.049, OR = 1.584) had the greatest probability of being regulated. Significant bias, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were not detected.
CONCLUSION
A causal effect relationship exists between GD and the gut microbiome, demonstrating regulatory activity and interactions, and thus providing evidence supporting the involvement of a thyroid-gut axis.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Graves Disease; Clostridiales; Lactobacillales
PubMed: 36865531
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.977587 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to...
Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to alterations in gut microbiota composition and serum metabolites. In the present study, we examined the alterations in serum metabolome and gut microbiome in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice treated with capsaicin. Capsaicin treatments resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of , , , and and a significant decrease in the abundance of , , , and . Furthermore, the species () was significantly enriched in capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice ( = 0.0002). Serum metabolomic analysis showed that capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice had a significant higher level of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and a significantly lower level of lipid metabolism compared with vehicle-treated mice. Capsaicin altered serum metabolites, including Kynurenine (Kyn), 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HIT), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), indoxylsulfuric acid, lysophosphatidyl cholines (LysoPCs), and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LysoPE). Significant correlations were observed between the gut bacteria and serum metabolite. With regard to the increased abundance of and the ensuing rise in tryptophan metabolites, our data show that capsaicin alters both the gut microbiota and blood metabolites. By altering the gut microbiome and serum metabolome, a diet high in capsaicin may reduce the incidence and development of AD.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Capsaicin; Tryptophan; Metabolome; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition
PubMed: 36615777
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010118 -
Human Genetics Aug 2023It is unclear whether gut microbiota (GM) affects the risk of optic neuritis (ON) through the "gut-brain" axis and the "gut-retina" axis. To examine the causal...
BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether gut microbiota (GM) affects the risk of optic neuritis (ON) through the "gut-brain" axis and the "gut-retina" axis. To examine the causal relationship between GM and ON, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
METHODS
Up to 18,340 samples of 24 population-based cohorts were included in genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 196 GM taxa. ON outcomes were selected from the FinnGen GWAS (951 ON cases and 307,092 controls). In addition, the GWAS based on UK Biobank (UKB) (105 ON cases and 456,243 controls) was used for further exploration. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was carried out to estimate their effects on ON risk and the MR assumptions were evaluated in sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
Among the 196 GM taxa, the IVW results confirmed that Family -Peptococcaceae (P = 2.17 × 10), Genus- Hungatella (P = 4.57 × 10) and genus-Eubacterium_rectale_group (P = 0.02) were correlated with the risk of ON based on Finngen GWAS. Based on data from UKB, Genus- Eubacterium_hallii_group (P = 1.50 × 10) and Genus- Ruminococcaceae_UCG_002 (P = 0.02) were correlated with the risk of ON. At the phylum, class and order levels, no GM taxa were causally related to ON (P > 0.05). Heterogeneity (P > 0.05) and pleiotropy (P > 0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of the MR results.
CONCLUSION
Our MR findings support the causal effect of specific GM taxa on ON. GM may affect the risk of ON through the "gut-brain" axis and the "gut-retina" axis. However, further research is needed to confirm the relevant mechanism of the relationship between GM and ON.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Causality; Optic Neuritis
PubMed: 36576600
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02514-0 -
Nutrients Nov 2022This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns...
This study aims to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota composition and health parameters through specific biochemical markers and food consumption patterns in the Spanish population. This research includes 60 Spanish adults aged 47.3 ± 11.2 years old. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and a self-referred dietary survey (food frequency questionnaire), were analyzed and compared with the participant´s gut microbiota composition analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. Several bacterial strains differed significantly with the biochemical markers analyzed, suggesting an involvement in the participant´s metabolic health. Lower levels of Lactobacillaceae and Oscillospiraceae and an increase in Pasteurellaceae, , and were observed in individuals with higher AST levels. Higher levels of the Christensenellaceae and a decrease in Peptococcaceae were associated with higher levels of HDL-c. High levels of and and low levels of were found in individuals with higher insulin levels. This study also identified associations between bacteria and specific food groups, such as an increase in lactic acid bacteria with the consumption of fermented dairy products or an increase in Verrucomicrobiaceae with the consumption of olive oil. In conclusion, this study reinforces the idea that specific food groups can favorably modulate gut microbiota composition and have an impact on host´s health.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet; Verrucomicrobia; Cultured Milk Products; Lactobacillaceae
PubMed: 36500996
DOI: 10.3390/nu14234966 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as inoleic acid (47.11%) and oleic acid (23.81%). Our research demonstrates that it exerts a protective effect on rat models...
oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as inoleic acid (47.11%) and oleic acid (23.81%). Our research demonstrates that it exerts a protective effect on rat models of pulmonary fibrosis, however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of action. This study aimed to characterize the therapeutic mechanism of action of oil on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. oil appears to regulate the levels of potential key serum biomarkers which include tetrahydrobiopterin, L-serine, citrulline and estradiol to participate in folate biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. And it also enriched intestinal microbial abundance, homogeneity and modulated the abundance of , Peptococcaceae, , , Lachnospiraceae to exert a protective effect against pulmonary fibrosis. oil appears to confer protective effects against pulmonary fibrosis by affecting the level of pulmonary fibrosis metabolites and the abundance of related intestinal flora through multiple targets, as evidenced by our untargeted LC-MS/MS metabonomics evaluation and 16S rDNA sequencing technology.
PubMed: 36386194
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037563 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023Research interest in biochar as an environmental remediation material has rapidly increased over the past few years. However, the effect of biochar on typical...
Research interest in biochar as an environmental remediation material has rapidly increased over the past few years. However, the effect of biochar on typical environmental processes in anaerobic soil environment has been insufficiently discussed. By regulating the electron donors with sodium acetate or pyruvate, the effects and underpinning chemical-microbiological coupling mechanisms of biochar under anaerobic conditions were disclosed. Unlike the electron limited condition, the addition of electron donors alleviated the competition for electrons among various reduction processes in the soil. The effect of biochar in regulating the electron transfer processes was lessened. But more than doubled methane emissions were resulted by the exogenous substances, especially with the synergic effect of biochar. Biochar addition increased soil environmental heterogeneity. It might indirectly affect the reductive transformation of γ-HCH via increasing the bioavailability of pollutants through adsorption and promoting the metabolism of some rare microorganisms. Anaerolineaceae, Peptococcaceae and Methanosarcina had coherent phylogenetic patterns and were likely to be the enablers for the reductive dechlorination process in flooded soil. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Previous studies have widely reported the performance characteristics of biochar, but its effects under anaerobic environments are not systematically understood. By regulating the electron donors, the competition for electrons among various reduction processes in the soil might be alleviated, resulting in a lessened effect of biochar in regulating the electron transfer processes. The findings presented in this study highlight the role of biochar to the dynamic changes of reduction processes under anaerobic environments. The relevant soil conditions such as the electron donors and the functional microbial groups should be adequately considered for maximizing the all-around beneficial efficiency of biochar amendments.
Topics: Soil; Electrons; Soil Pollutants; Biodegradation, Environmental; Anaerobiosis; Phylogeny; Charcoal
PubMed: 36228795
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159346 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Translation Jul 2022Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction syndrome that is lacking validated treatments. Maximizing muscle strength in young adulthood may be a promising...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction syndrome that is lacking validated treatments. Maximizing muscle strength in young adulthood may be a promising way to prevent sarcopenia in the elderly. The phytomolecule puerarin has been extensively used in clinical practice and reported to increase energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by directly targeting the skeletal muscle fiber. However, the bioavailability of puerarin is very poor, and almost 93% of puerarin stays in the intestine until excretion. Therefore, we hypothesize that puerarin may regulate gut microbiota to improve skeletal muscle strength and/or mass in adults.
METHODS
Twenty three-month old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups according to average weights, puerarin group (puerarin dissolved in 0.5% CMC-Na, 150 mg/kg/day, N = 10), and control group (equal volume 0.5% CMC-Na, N = 10). The treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Muscle weight, muscle fiber types and cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle contraction test and grip strength were measured. 16S rDNA sequencing was employed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition in the sample of cecal content. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal and serum were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in skeletal muscle was also detected. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relations between SCFAs, ATP concentration and muscle function.
RESULTS
After puerarin treatment, grip strength, the specific twitch force, and the tetanic forces in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were significantly higher than those of the control group. The percentage and CSA of type II muscle fiber in EDL was higher in the puerarin group than those in the control group. Puerarin treatment significantly changed the gut microbial constitutes. Two SCFAs-productive microbiota, the families Peptococcaceae and Closteridiales, were significantly higher in the puerarin group than those in the control group, while the ratio of Prevotellaceae/Bacteroidaceae (P/B), a muscle atrophy indicator, was lower in the puerarin group. As expected, there were significant linear correlations between the concentrations of SCFAs, including cecal total SCFAs, serum -butyric acid and total SCFAs, and skeletal muscle strength and function, including the twitch force and tetanic force of SOL and EDL, as well as the forelimb grip strength.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, puerarin improved the forelimb grip strength and muscle contraction function in young adult rats. The underlying mechanism may include that puerarin increased SCFAs production by regulating gut microbiota, augmented ATP synthesis and skeletal muscle strength. : Our study finds that a clinical used phytomolecule puerarin has the potential of improving skeletal muscle strength in young adult rats. As puerarin has long-term clinical experience and shows good safety, it might be a potential candidate for developing muscle strengthening agents.
PubMed: 36196075
DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.009 -
Microbial Genomics Oct 2022Campylobacteriosis is still the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. One of the most common sources for...
Campylobacteriosis is still the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union causing gastrointestinal disease in humans. One of the most common sources for these food-borne infections is broiler meat. Interactions between (.) and the intestinal microbiota might influence colonization in chickens. The aim of the present study was to gain further knowledge about exclusive interactions of the host microbiota with in -specific phage-free chickens under standardized conditions and special biosafety precautions.Therefore, 12 artificially infected ( inoculum with a challenge dose of 7.64 log c.f.u.) and 12 control chickens of the breed Ross 308 were kept under special biosafety measures in an animal facility. At day 42 of life, microbiota studies were performed on samples of caecal digesta and mucus. No -specific phages were detected by real-time PCR analysis of caecal digesta of control or artificially infected chickens. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was performed within the hypervariable region V4 and subsequently sequenced with Illumina MiSeq platform. R (version 4.0.2) was used to compare the microbiota between -negative and -positive chickens. The factor chickens' infection status contributed significantly to the differences in microbial composition of mucosal samples, explaining 10.6 % of the microbiota variation (=0.007) and in digesta samples, explaining 9.69 % of the microbiota variation (=0.015). The strongest difference between -non-infected and -infected birds was observed for the family whose presence in -infected birds could not be demonstrated. Further, several genera of the family appeared to be depressed in its abundance due to infection. A negative correlation was found between R-7 group and in -colonised chickens, both genera potentially competing for substrate. This makes R-7 group highly interesting for further studies that aim to find control options for infections and assess the relevance of this finding for chicken health and colonization.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriophages; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Humans; Microbiota; Mucous Membrane; Poultry Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36190827
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000874