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Anaerobe Oct 2022Anaerobic cocci are common anaerobic isolates. Numerous genera of anaerobic cocci have been reported in both urinary tract microbiota, mainly of females, and in cases of... (Review)
Review
Anaerobic cocci are common anaerobic isolates. Numerous genera of anaerobic cocci have been reported in both urinary tract microbiota, mainly of females, and in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly in patients with comorbidities, when no facultatively anaerobic bacteria were detected from the urine samples. UTIs caused by anaerobic cocci have been reported in >7% in some studies. As the routine diagnostic methods may be insufficient to detect and identify the anaerobic cocci in patients with UTIs, enhanced quantitative urine culture (EQUC) can give better results. EQUC is performed by plating urine samples onto different media to be incubated in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions with a prolonged incubation time. Other newer methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, qualitative PCR and Next Generation Sequencing can also be considered. Anaerobic cocci such as Peptoniphilus, Parvimonas, Anaerococcus and Finegoldia spp. were found in patients with bacteremia of urinary source. A fatal outcome has been reported in a diabetic patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Finegoldia magna and Candida parapsilosis due to a delay in seeking hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic. In specific cases such as of chronic infections, immunosuppression, comorbidity, advanced age, following urological tract manipulations and negative culture results for usual uropathogens, it may be advisable to use suprapubic aspiration cultured in both aerobic and anaerobic condition or EQUC using media which support the relative slow growing anaerobic cocci as well.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bacteria, Anaerobic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anaerobiosis; Pandemics; COVID-19; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 34990817
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102509 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The commensal microbiome influences skin immunity, but its function in toenail health remains unclear. Paronychia is one of the most common inflammatory toenail...
The commensal microbiome influences skin immunity, but its function in toenail health remains unclear. Paronychia is one of the most common inflammatory toenail diseases, but antibiotic treatment is seldom effective in clinical cases. In this study, we performed sequencing to investigate the characteristics of microbes associated with paronychia in order to identify the key microorganisms involved in inflammation. Seventy dermic samples were collected from patients with paronychia and the differences in dermic microbiota were analyzed in patients with different inflammation severities. Distinct clustering of dermal microbiota was observed in the dermis with different inflammation severities. A higher relative abundance of anaerobic microorganisms such as , , and was observed in severe paronychia, whereas disappeared with disease progression. Co-occurring network analysis suggested that the disturbance of the dermic microbiome and attenuation of antagonism by against anaerobic pathogens may aggravate inflammation in paronychia. Functional analysis showed that dermic microbiome disturbance may worsen microbial metabolism and tissue repair in the skin. In conclusion, we revealed that an increased abundance of anaerobic microorganisms and loss of in the dermis may promote paronychia progression and microbiological imbalance may aggravate inflammation in patients with paronychia.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Microbiota; Nails; Paronychia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34926325
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.781927 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on growth, intestinal antioxidant capacity, histology, gene expression, and microbiota in...
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on growth, intestinal antioxidant capacity, histology, gene expression, and microbiota in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (). Different diets (G0-control, G100, G200, G400, and G800) containing graded levels of GSH (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800mgkg) were fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial mean weight 4.12±0.04g) for 56days. G400 had significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary GSH level was 447.06mgkg. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in G200-G800. G200 had significantly lower malondialdehyde content. The height of the intestinal muscular layer in G400 was significantly higher than that of the control group. Intestinal PepT1 and SLC1A5 gene expression was significantly increased, and the highest was observed in G400. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 expression were significantly decreased than that of G0. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed a significant difference in alpha diversity whereas no differences in beta diversity. On the genus level, LefSe analysis of indicator OTUs showed , , , , , , , and were associated with the treatment diet, whereas , , , , , , , , , and were associated with the control diet. In summary, feeding juvenile triploid 200-800mgkg GSH improved growth and intestinal health.
PubMed: 34925074
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.784852 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2021A 14-year-old girl noticed malodorous urine and experienced left flank pain. The patient was presented to our hospital with gradually increasing pain. She had no...
A 14-year-old girl noticed malodorous urine and experienced left flank pain. The patient was presented to our hospital with gradually increasing pain. She had no underlying disease but had a history of pain on micturition for several days. Hematologic examination indicated low white blood cell and platelet counts and a high serum lactate level. Computed tomography showed that a part of the parenchyma of the left kidney had poor contrast and was deteriorated, with fluid and gas retention from the perirenal region to the retroperitoneal cavity. A left hydroureter and large ureterocele were observed in the bladder. She was diagnosed with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) with a giant congenital ureterocele. Vasopressors and blood transfusion failed to maintain normal circulatory dynamics, and an open left nephrectomy and transurethral ureterocele fenestration were performed. The excised outer portion of the left kidney was dissolved by the infection and replaced with blood clots and necrotic tissue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified the inflammatory, gas-producing bacteria , and . Meropenem was administered for 4 days postoperatively and then de-escalated to sulbactam/ampicillin for another 10 days. The patient was discharged on day 17 of hospitalization, and the postoperative course remained favorable. EPN is extremely rare in pediatric patients, and it is believed that nephrectomy is sometimes necessary if the patient does not have normal circulatory dynamics despite the use of catecholamines.
PubMed: 34900875
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.775468 -
Anaerobe Feb 2022Two commercial MALDI-TOF MS systems were used to identify 18 isolates, belonging to the Peptoniphilus genus; also the 16S rRNA sequencing identity was compared against...
Two commercial MALDI-TOF MS systems were used to identify 18 isolates, belonging to the Peptoniphilus genus; also the 16S rRNA sequencing identity was compared against the MALDI-TOF MS system results. Bruker Biotyper system provided higher accuracy than Vitek MS system, however, adding spectra could allow a more reliable species level identification.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 34890813
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102500 -
Access Microbiology 2021Paraspinal abscesses are most commonly caused by and some Gram-negative bacteria. In developing countries, (MTB) contributes to almost 50 % of cases. Even in proven...
INTRODUCTION
Paraspinal abscesses are most commonly caused by and some Gram-negative bacteria. In developing countries, (MTB) contributes to almost 50 % of cases. Even in proven cases of tubercular paraspinal abscesses, secondary infection of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria is possible and should be carefully evaluated for proper management.
CASE REPORT
A type I diabetes mellitus patient presented with chronic backache and lower limb weakness and radiological investigations showed paraspinal collections suggestive of tuberculosis. The patient was then started on anti-tubercular drugs, she initially responded and then showed gradual deterioration in the form of increased pain, fever and pus discharge. Aerobic cultures of pus were sterile and anaerobic culture grew sensitive to metronidazole. Appropriate treatment had resulted in clinical improvement.
CONCLUSION
Suspicion about co-infection with aerobic or anaerobic bacteria should be high even in proven cases of tubercular paraspinal abscess not improving despite proper anti-tubercular therapy.
PubMed: 34888482
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000253 -
Anaerobe Feb 2022To study the spectrum of anaerobic infections and the frequency of clinically relevant anaerobes in various infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India.
OBJECTIVE
To study the spectrum of anaerobic infections and the frequency of clinically relevant anaerobes in various infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India.
METHOD
In this two-year (2018-2019) retrospective study, a total of 22,177 samples were processed both anaerobically and aerobically. The samples included blood, pus, body fluids, necrotic tissues, abscess, peritoneal fluids, and other specimens of conditions predisposing to anaerobic infections. The recovered bacterial isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
RESULT
Of the 22,177 samples processed anaerobically, 1094 showed significant anaerobic growth yielding 1464 anaerobes. Bacteroides fragilis (12.7%) and Peptoniphilus harei (12.2%) were the most predominant anaerobes, whereas Escherichia coli (32.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.2%) were the most frequently recovered facultative anaerobes in polymicrobial growth. Both aerobic and anaerobic data were available for 673/1094 samples, of which 68% represented a polymicrobial etiology and 32% as monomicrobial. Of the cases where complete clinical information was available (504/1094), the majority of the anaerobes were recovered from the skin and soft tissue infections (36.3%) and intra-abdominal infections (17.1%). The clinical specimen most frequently growing anaerobes was abscess (29.1%), followed by diabetic foot ulcers (14.1%).
CONCLUSION
The study documents the frequency of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in various infections, and their associations with aerobes in polymicrobial growth. The present study may aid us in devising better therapeutic strategies against both aerobes and anaerobes in anaerobic infections, which is often empirical. Besides, the data can update clinicians with the changing patterns of anaerobic infections, which remains a neglected concern.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 34861364
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102482 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Several studies using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reported that lung microbial communities were associated with the development and clinical outcome of...
Several studies using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reported that lung microbial communities were associated with the development and clinical outcome of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the microbial communities in IPF lung tissues are not well known. This study is aimed to investigate bacterial microbial communities in lung tissues and determine their impact on the clinical outcomes of patients with IPF. Genomic DNA extracted from lung tissues of patients with IPF ( = 20; 10 non-survivors) and age- and sex-matched controls ( = 20) was amplified using fusion primers targeting the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S RNA genes with indexing barcodes. Mean age of IPF subjects was 63.3 yr, and 65% were male. Alpha diversity indices did not significantly differ between IPF patients and controls, or between IPF non-survivors and survivors. The relative abundance of , and was increased, whereas that of , and decreased in patients with IPF compared with that in the controls. A decreased relative abundance of (odds ratio [OR], 0.352, = 0.027) and (OR, 0.013, = 0.046) was associated with a diagnosis of IPF in the multivariable logistic analysis adjusted by age and gender. Multivariable Cox analysis adjusted for age and forced vital capacity (FVC) revealed that higher relative abundance of (hazard ratio [HR], 1.993, = 0.044), (HR, 57.590, = 0.024), and (HR, 37.189, = 0.038) was independently associated with IPF mortality. The relative abundance of ( = 0.590) and ( = 0.373) was correlated positively, whereas that of ( = -0.509) and ( = -0.593) was correlated inversely with FVC. In addition, the relative abundance of the ( = 0.616) and ( = 0.606) genera was positively correlated, whereas that of the ( = -0.464) and ( = -0.495) genera was inversely correlated with distance during the 6-min walking test. The composition of the microbiome in lung tissues differed between patients with IPF and controls and was associated with the diagnosis, mortality, and disease severity of IPF.
PubMed: 34733866
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744523 -
Disease Markers 2021A connection exists between hypertension (HTN) and cognitive impairment (CI) or gut microbiota (GM) and neuropsychiatric disease. However, the link between GM and HTNCI...
A connection exists between hypertension (HTN) and cognitive impairment (CI) or gut microbiota (GM) and neuropsychiatric disease. However, the link between GM and HTNCI has not been illustrated. This study endeavoured to profile the landscape of GM in HTNCI patients and evaluate the value of GM as HTNCI biomarkers. We recruited 128 patients with hypertension and assigned them to two groups of different MoCA scores. Clinical and biological data were recorded. GM composition was illustrated with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and the dominant species were identified by linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). It showed higher abundance of and lower abundances of and in the HTNCI group than in the HTN without cognitive impairment (HTNnCI) group. We next clarified the link between GM and MoCA scores or HTNCI factors. KEGG analysis revealed the involvement of decreased bile secretion. An evident correlation showed up between HTNCI and abundance ( = 0.0340). We concluded that some representative GM species, especially , could predict cognitive impairment in hypertension patients, making them potential benchmarks of HTNCI.
Topics: Aged; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Risk Factors; Veillonella
PubMed: 34659587
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1683981 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Bacterial infection and imbalance of bacterial community in the genitourinary system of giant panda could affect the reproductive health. In severe cases, it can also...
Bacterial infection and imbalance of bacterial community in the genitourinary system of giant panda could affect the reproductive health. In severe cases, it can also lead to abortion. In this study, 13 of vaginal secretions in the estrue (E) group and seven of vaginal secretions in the non-estrue (NE) group were used to study the composition and diversity of vaginal bacterial communities between estrus and non-estrus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results showed that the vaginal microbiome in giant pandas shared the same top five abundant species between estrus and non-estrus at the phylum level. However, the vaginal microbiome changed significantly during estrus at the genus level. In top 10 genera, the abundance of , , and in the E group was significantly higher than that in the NE group (<0.05); , , , , and in the NE group was significantly higher than that in the E group (<0.05). The richness and diversity of vaginal microbiome in giant panda on estrus were significantly lower than those on non-estrus (<0.05). It is noteworthy that the abundance of , , and of vagina in giant pandas maintained low abundance in the daily. Whereas, they increased significantly during estrus period, which may play an important role in female giant pandas during estrus period. It was hypothesized that hormones may be responsible for the changes in the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas between estrus and no-estrus stages.
PubMed: 34557168
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707548