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Communications Biology Jul 2022Specific bacteria of the human microbiome influence carcinogenesis at diverse anatomical sites. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in...
Specific bacteria of the human microbiome influence carcinogenesis at diverse anatomical sites. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in premenopausal women that is associated with gynecologic sequelae, including cervical cancer. BV-associated microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium, Lancefieldella, Peptoniphilus, and Porphyromonas have been associated with gynecologic and other cancers, though the pro-oncogenic mechanisms employed by these bacteria are poorly understood. Here, we integrated a multi-omics approach with our three-dimensional (3-D) cervical epithelial cell culture model to investigate how understudied BV-associated bacteria linked to gynecologic neoplasia influence hallmarks of cancer in vitro. Lancefieldella parvulum and Peptoniphilus lacrimalis elicited robust proinflammatory responses in 3-D cervical cells. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium gonidiaformans modulated metabolic hallmarks of cancer corresponding to accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, pro-inflammatory lipids, and signs of oxidative stress and genotoxic hydrogen sulfide. This study provides mechanistic insights into how gynecologic cancer-associated bacteria might facilitate a tumor-promoting microenvironment in the human cervix.
Topics: Bacteria; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Tumor Microenvironment; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 35869172
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03681-6 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the...
Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the stool of a healthy volunteer, while strain Marseille-P3915 was cultivated from the urine of a kidney transplant recipient. Both strains are anaerobic Gram-positive coccoid bacteria. Both are catalase-negative and oxidase-negative and grow optimally at 37 °C in anaerobic conditions. They also metabolize carbohydrates, such as galactose, glucose, fructose, and glycerol. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid for both strains. The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 strains when compared to their closest phylogenetic relatives were 52.3% and 56.4%, respectively. Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 shared an OrthoANI value of 83.5% which was the highest value found with Peptoniphilus species studied here. The morphological, biochemical, phenotypic and genomic characteristics strongly support that these strains are new members of the Peptoniphilus genus. Thus, we suggest that Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov., and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., are new species for which strains Marseille-P3761 (CSUR P3761 = CCUG 71,569) and Marseille-P3195 (CSUR P3195 = DSM 103,468) are their type strains, respectively of two new Peptoniphilus species, for which we propose the names Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., respectively.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35857142
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03044-z -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2022The development of new biomarkers for human male infertility is crucial to improve the diagnosis and the prognosis of this disease. Recently, seminal microbiota was...
The development of new biomarkers for human male infertility is crucial to improve the diagnosis and the prognosis of this disease. Recently, seminal microbiota was shown to be related to sperm quality parameters, suggesting an effect in human fertility and postulating it as a biomarker candidate. However, its relationship to sperm DNA integrity has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study is to characterize the seminal microbiota of a western Mediterranean population and to evaluate its relationship to sperm chromatin integrity parameters, and oxidative stress. For that purpose, 14 samples from sperm donors and 42 samples from infertile idiopathic patients were obtained and were analyzed to assess the composition of the microbiota through full-length gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform). Microbial diversity and relative abundances were compared to classic sperm quality parameters (macroscopic semen parameters, motility, morphology and concentration), chromatin integrity (global DNA damage, double-stranded DNA breaks and DNA protamination status) and oxidative stress levels (oxidation-reduction potential). The seminal microbiota observed of these samples belonged to the phyla , , and . The most abundant genera were , , , , , , , , , and . To our knowledge, this is the first detection of genus in seminal samples. Two clusters of microbial profiles were built based on a clustering analysis, and specific genera were found with different frequencies in relation to seminal quality defects. The abundances of several bacteria negatively correlate with the sperm global DNA fragmentation, most notably , and . The latter two were also associated with higher sperm motility and additionally with lower oxidative-reduction potential. , and correlated with reduced chromatin protamination status and increased double-stranded DNA fragmentation. These effects on DNA integrity coincide in many cases with the metabolism or enzymatic activities of these genera. Significant differences between fertile and infertile men were found in the relative presence of the family and the , and genera, which supports its possible involvement in male fertility. Our findings sustain the hypothesis that the seminal microbiome has an effect on male fertility.
PubMed: 35837328
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937157 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology May 2022Breast cancer (BC) and benign breast lesions (BBLs) are common diseases in women worldwide. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in regulating breast diseases'...
Breast cancer (BC) and benign breast lesions (BBLs) are common diseases in women worldwide. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in regulating breast diseases' formation, progression, and therapy response. Hence, we explored the structure and function of gut microflora in patients with BC and BBLs. A cohort of 66 subjects was enrolled in the study. Twenty-six subjects had BC, 20 subjects had BBLs, and 20 matched healthy controls. High throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing technology was used to determine the microbial community structure. Compared with healthy individuals, BC patients had significantly lower alpha diversity indices (Sobs index, = 0.019; Chao1 index, = 0.033). Sobs and Chao1 indices were also lower in patients with BBLs than healthy individuals, without statistical significance ( = 0.279, = 0.314, respectively). Both unweighted and weighted UniFrac analysis showed that beta diversity differed significantly among the three groups ( = 3.376e-14, < 0.001, respectively). Compared with healthy individuals, the levels of and were higher in BC patients ( = 0.004, = 0.007, respectively), whereas and were more enriched in the benign breast lesion group ( < 0.001, = 0.011, respectively). Our study indicates that patients with BC and BBLs may undergo significant changes in intestinal microbiota. These findings can help elucidate the role of intestinal flora in BC and BBLs patients.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35675827
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-019 -
Anaerobe Jun 2022Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often regarded as harmless commensals associated with skin and mucosal surfaces. Investigations regarding these bacterial...
OBJECTIVES
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often regarded as harmless commensals associated with skin and mucosal surfaces. Investigations regarding these bacterial species often concern clinical case reports. In immunocompromised individuals, in the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes or due to breach of skin barriers, the GPAC can cause infections. Nonetheless, information on the direct impact of these bacteria on blood-derived immune cells remains sparse.
METHODS
Heat-inactivated GPAC strains (Finegoldia magna, Peptoniphilus harei, Parvimonas micra and Anaerococcus spp.) were incubated with whole blood from healthy human donors for 15 min or 4 h. Following the incubation, plasma samples were collected and analysed by ELISA for secretion of heparin-binding protein (HBP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9; MRP-8/MRP-14) and TNFα as markers for immune cell activation.
RESULTS
The direct interaction of GPAC with whole blood demonstrated a significant effect on the immune response. Incubation of the bacterial strains with blood triggered rapid secretion of sepsis markers HBP and calprotectin, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Due to lack of MPO secretion at the early time point, it was hypothesised that the early HBP originated from the neutrophil secretory vesicles. Trypsin-treatment of the bacteria slightly reduced the HBP release, suggesting an involvement of bacterial surface proteins.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that GPAC species isolated from blood might pose an underestimated threat to the host. Further research concerning anaerobic cocci in direct interaction with the human host is therefore needed and justified.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Blood Proteins; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35545182
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102584 -
BMC Geriatrics Apr 2022Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of gut microbiota in a cohort of critically ill older adults.
METHODS
This observational study was conducted in five health institutions. Over a 6-month study period, critically ill patients over 18 years old who were admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. Fecal microbiota profiles were determined from 155 individuals, over 60 years old (n = 72) and under 60 years old (n = 83). Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversity, operational taxonomic units and the interaction of gut microbiota with variables under study were analyzed. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) specifically associated with age were recovered by including gender, discharge condition, BMI, ICU stay and antibiotics as covariates in a linear mixed model.
RESULTS
In older adults, sepsis, malnutrition, antibiotic prescription and severity (APACHE and SOFA scores) were higher than in the group under 60 years of age. Alpha diversity showed lower gut microbiota diversity in those over 60 years of age (p < 0.05); beta diversity evidenced significant differences between the groups (PERMANOVA = 1.19, p = 0.038). The microbiota of the adults under 60 years old showed greater abundance of Murdochiella, Megasphaera, Peptoniphilus and Ezakiella, whereas those over 60 years old Escherichia-Shigella and Hungatella were more abundant.
CONCLUSION
The gut microbial community was altered by different factors; however, age significantly explained the variability in critically ill patients. A lower presence of beneficial genera and a higher abundance of pathogens was observed in adults over 60 years old.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Critical Illness; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35484500
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02981-0 -
Current Medical Research and Opinion Aug 2022belongs is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC), which can cause bacterial vaginitis. However, only a few studies have reported severe infection of . This study...
BACKGROUND
belongs is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC), which can cause bacterial vaginitis. However, only a few studies have reported severe infection of . This study presented the first case of severe infection of during pregnancy. It aimed to help to fill the gap in the literature, find out the factors that accelerate infection and discuss the significance of the GPAC test.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old woman was admitted due to unbearable abdominal pain with dilation of the cervical opening at 22+ weeks of gestation. A blood test revealed electrolyte disturbance and hypoproteinemia. A day before admission, the patient developed pain in the lower abdomen accompanied by yellow-green vaginal discharge. Two hours after admission, the patient suddenly presented with hyperpyrexia and chills. Timely and adequate antibiotic and cooling treatments were administered. After 14 h, the patient again developed chills that lasted for approximately 20 min, accompanied by uterine contractions and membrane rupture. After 3 h, she had a miscarriage and rapidly developed septic shock. She was transferred to the intensive care unit for further infection control, shock correction, and circulatory stabilization. The cultures of blood, secretion specimen, and amniotic fluid indicated infection using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, an advanced tool for bacterial species identification.
CONCLUSIONS
is an opportunistic pathogen in pregnant women. Poor physical conditions and pregnancy may accelerate disease progression and lead to severe inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chills; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women
PubMed: 35481409
DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2072091 -
European Urology Oncology Aug 2022Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported.
OBJECTIVE
To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204).
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Microbiomes were assessed using anaerobic culture, population-level 16S analysis, RNA-seq, and whole genome DNA sequencing.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
We demonstrate an association between the presence of bacteria in urine sediments and higher D'Amico risk prostate cancer (discovery, n = 215 patients, p < 0.001; validation, n = 103, p < 0.001, χ test for trend). Characterisation of the bacterial community led to the (1) identification of four novel bacteria (Porphyromonas sp. nov., Varibaculum sp. nov., Peptoniphilus sp. nov., and Fenollaria sp. nov.) that were frequently found in patient urine, and (2) definition of a patient subgroup associated with metastasis development (p = 0.015, log-rank test). The presence of five specific anaerobic genera, which includes three of the novel isolates, was associated with cancer risk group, in urine sediment (p = 0.045, log-rank test), urine extracellular vesicles (p = 0.039), and cancer tissue (p = 0.035), with a meta-analysis hazard ratio for disease progression of 2.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.39-4.85; p = 0.003; Cox regression). A limitation is that functional links to cancer development are not yet established.
CONCLUSIONS
This study characterises prostate and urine microbiomes, and indicates that specific anaerobic bacteria genera have prognostic potential.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In this study, we investigated the presence of bacteria in patient urine and the prostate. We identified four novel bacteria and suggest a potential prognostic utility for the microbiome in prostate cancer.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35450835
DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.03.006 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2022Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that brings life-long and psychological distress to patients. It remains unclear whether this...
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that brings life-long and psychological distress to patients. It remains unclear whether this condition is related to changes in the skin microbial community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compositional characteristics of the vulvar skin microbiota between VLS patients and asymptomatic postmenopausal women. We included 60 cases of postmenopausal patients in the outpatient vulvar clinic of Peking University First Hospital from August 2020 to October 2020. Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with VLS by vulvar skin biopsy (VLS group), while 29 women were asymptomatic volunteers (control group). DNA was extracted from vulvar skin swabs of the VLS and control groups. The V3-V4 fragments of 16S rRNA were targeted for high-throughput sequencing and gene sequence analysis. The sequencing results were analysed by diversity, diversity, species composition, LEfSe analysis to compare the compositional differences of the vulvar skin microbiota between the two groups. Our study revealed that at the phylum level, patients with VLS had a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes ( < 0.0001) and a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria than the control group ( < 0.0001). At the genus level, spp. accounted for the largest proportion of the microflora in the asymptomatic controls, while the proportion of spp. in the VLS group was the highest. In the VLS group, the relative abundance of spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp. spp., spp., and spp. was significantly increased compared with the control group. Although there was no significant difference in the diversity of the vulvar skin microbiota, the diversity differed significantly between the two groups.
PubMed: 35445011
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842031 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022Background Knowledge about cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis is limited, and a comparison of microbiota in the two diseases was not...
Background Knowledge about cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis is limited, and a comparison of microbiota in the two diseases was not yet previously undertaken. Aims/Objectives This study aimed to compare the scalp lesional and non-lesional microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis with that in a healthy control group. Methods Fifty samples were taken with sterile swabs from patients' and controls' scalps, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses were performed. Results Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that bacterial load and diversity were significantly increased in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lesions compared to the controls. As phyla, Actinobacteria decreased and Firmicutes increased, while as genera, Propionibacterium decreased; Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Aquabacterium, Neisseria and Azospirillum increased in lesions of both diseases. Specifically, Mycobacterium, Finegoldia, Haemophilus and Ezakiella increased in psoriasis vulgaris and Enhydrobacter, Micromonospora and Leptotrichia increased in seborrheic dermatitis lesions. Mycobacterium, Ezakiella and Peptoniphilus density were higher in psoriasis vulgaris compared to seborrheic dermatitis lesions. The bacterial diversity and load values of non-lesional scalp in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lay between those of lesional areas and controls. Limitations The small sample size is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion Higher bacterial diversity was detected in lesions of both psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis compared to the controls, but similar alterations were observed when the two diseases were compared. Although these differences could be a result rather than a cause of the two diseases, there is a need to analyze all members of the microbiota and microbiota-host interactions.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Scalp; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Psoriasis; Microbiota
PubMed: 35389020
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_323_21