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ACS Nano May 2024Periodontitis, a chronic oral disease instigated by bacteria, severely compromises human oral health. The prevailing clinical treatment for periodontitis involves...
Periodontitis, a chronic oral disease instigated by bacteria, severely compromises human oral health. The prevailing clinical treatment for periodontitis involves mechanical scraping in conjunction with antibiotics. Phototherapy is employed to rapidly remove the bacteria and achieve periodontitis treatment, effectively circumventing the adverse effects associated with traditional therapies. Constructing 2D/2D van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions is a key strategy for obtaining excellent photocatalytic activity. Herein, a 2D/2D violet phosphorus (VP)/TiC VDW heterojunction is designed using an interfacial engineering strategy. By constructing an electron transport "bridge" (P-Ti bond) at the heterogeneous interface as an effective transfer channel for photogenerated carriers, a compact monolithic structure between the VP and TiC phases is formed, and the spatial barrier for electron transfer at the interface is eliminated. Meanwhile, the strong directional built-in electric field induced by the intensive electron-coupling effect at the heterogeneous interface served as an internal driving force, which greatly accelerates the exciton dissociation and charge transfer in the photocatalytic process. These excited photogenerated electrons and holes are trapped by O and HO on the surfaces of TiC and VP, respectively, and are subsequently catalytically converted to antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The VP/TiC VDW heterojunction eradicated 97.5% and 98.48% of and , respectively, by photocatalytic and photothermal effects under visible light for 10 min. The VP/TiC nanoperiodontal dressing ointment effectively attenuated inflammatory response, reduced alveolar bone resorption, and promoted periodontal soft and hard tissue repair. Its periodontitis therapeutic effect outperforms the clinically used Periocline.
Topics: Periodontitis; Phosphorus; Titanium; Phototherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Electricity; Reactive Oxygen Species; Surface Properties; Animals; Electron Transport; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38652114
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02433 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Mar 2024In cases of tooth avulsion, in which the neurovascular bundle responsible for nourishing the dental pulp is break, endodontic treatment is necessary before proceeding...
BACKGROUND
In cases of tooth avulsion, in which the neurovascular bundle responsible for nourishing the dental pulp is break, endodontic treatment is necessary before proceeding with tooth replantation. In this process, various substances have been tested in combination with calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in an attempt to improve its effectiveness. This study aimed to examine the effects of using a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and 10% propolis, with subsequent application of ultrasonic treatment, on the delayed replantation of teeth in rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty-four rats underwent a surgical procedure to extract the upper right incisor, leaving it on a surface to dry for one hour. The pulp and periodontal ligament were removed and the teeth were submerged in a 2% sodium fluoride acidulated phosphate solution. The canals were dehydrated using paper cones and the teeth were divided into four groups, according to the type of intracanal dressing: Ca(OH)2 group, Ca(OH)2 group with ultrasonic agitation, Ca(OH)2 and propolis group, Ca(OH)2 and propolis group with ultrasonic agitation. The root canals were irrigated with saline solution and the teeth were reimplanted. Sixty days after reimplantation, the animals were euthanized.
RESULTS
With regard to the presence of acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the periodontal ligament, there was no statistically significant difference among some of the groups. Root resorption was identified in all groups, and there was no significant difference between them.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that the application of intracanal dressing containing Ca(OH)2 associated with 10% propolis, followed by ultrasonic agitation, did not prove to be more effective than the use of Ca(OH)2 alone in the repair process in the delayed replantation of rat teeth. Tooth replantation, Calcium hydroxide, Propolis, Ultrasound, Intracanal dressing.
PubMed: 38600932
DOI: 10.4317/jced.61036 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Apr 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a chitosan-based dressing (CD) in achieving early wound healing and hemostasis at palatal donor sites in patients...
AIMS
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a chitosan-based dressing (CD) in achieving early wound healing and hemostasis at palatal donor sites in patients undergoing free gingival graft (FGG) surgery.
METHODS
Thirty-two patients requiring FGG were treated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Complete epithelialization (CE) and color match (CM) at donor sites were assessed by a blinded examiner on postoperative days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Donor sites were compressed for 2 min with wet gauze (WG) alone in control group (CG) or WG + CD in test group (TG) immediately after graft harvesting, and immediate bleeding (IB) was recorded (yes/no). Delayed bleeding (DB) (for 1 week), and number of analgesic tablets consumed, and VAS scores for pain (for 2 weeks) were recorded by patient every day.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients (14 in each group) were included in final analysis. The prevalence of CE (at weeks 2 and 3) and VAS scores for CM scores were higher in TG but the intergroup differences were statistically significant only for CM (at week 4). Number of patients exhibiting IB and DB was significantly fewer in the TG (p < .05). Although average pain scores and analgesic consumption were higher in TG up to 5 days, differences between two groups were not statistically significant at any time point.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggests that the application of CD increased re-epithelialization and accelerated wound healing process, although it did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, CD was found to significantly reduce bleeding complications, but it did not decrease the pain levels.
PubMed: 38594813
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13267 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2024High expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate the...
High expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-based endodontic paste as an intracanal dressing on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions. Periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 35 mature beagle dog premolars randomly divided into healthy teeth, untreated periapical lesions, periapical lesions treated in a single session (control groups), and periapical lesions treated in two sessions with EGCG or calcium hydroxide-based pastes (experimental groups). After 120 days, specimens were obtained for histopathologic and immunofluorescence analyses to assess the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The statistical analysis was performed using a p-value of 0.05. Endodontic treatment in two sessions using medication with EGCG and calcium hydroxide-based pastes provided similar repair of the apical and periapical tissues and neoformation of periodontal ligament fibers, cementum, and alveolar bone (p>0.05). The experimental groups treated in two sessions with both medications presented expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 similar to that in healthy teeth (p>0.05), and significantly lower than teeth treated in a single session or untreated periapical lesions (p <0.001). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, cementocytes, and vascular endothelium. The use of EGCG-based endodontic paste reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and allowed repair of periapical lesions, similar to calcium hydroxide-based paste, and superior to treatment performed in a single session.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Periapical Periodontitis; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Calcium Hydroxide; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Bandages; Catechin
PubMed: 38537010
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405509 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2023Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) accelerates wound healing by promoting faster cicatricial tissue remodeling and excellent neovascularization. Hyaluronic acid (HA) being...
INTRODUCTION
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) accelerates wound healing by promoting faster cicatricial tissue remodeling and excellent neovascularization. Hyaluronic acid (HA) being biocompatible, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic leads to improvement in the rate of wound healing.
AIM
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of PRF membrane and 0.2% HA gel on wounds after gingival depigmentation surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out on 30 systemically healthy individuals recruited from the pool of patients who visited the department of periodontology. After depigmentation procedure in every patient, the sites were divided into three even groups. Group A received PRF membrane and periodontal dressing, Group B received 0.2% HA gel application and periodontal dressing, and Group C served as a control group in which only periodontal dressing was placed. The individuals were evaluated for the healing index (HI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) on the 3 and 5 day. Epithelialization test (ET) was performed on the 5 day. Gingival biotype was reassessed and compared to preoperative value after 3 months. The clinical trial was expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation. Intra-group comparison and inter-group comparison were done through the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. All statistical tests were performed through SPSS version 25.0 (IBM).
RESULTS
The inter-group statistical analysis concerning NRS, HI, and ET showed statistically significant results in Groups A and B compared to Group C ( < 0.05), while gingival biotype showed statistically significant results in Group A compared to Groups B and C.
CONCLUSION
The use of PRF membrane and HA gel to protect the raw wound site of depigmented gingiva proved to be an effective approach, resulting in faster healing.
PubMed: 38434500
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_291_22 -
Biomacromolecules Feb 2024Preserving stable tooth-periodontal tissue integration is vital for maintaining alveolar bone stability under physiological conditions. However, tooth extraction...
Preserving stable tooth-periodontal tissue integration is vital for maintaining alveolar bone stability under physiological conditions. However, tooth extraction compromises this integration and impedes socket healing. Therefore, it becomes crucial to provide early stage coverage of the socket to promote optimal healing. Drawing inspiration from the periodontium, we have developed a quaternized methacryloyl chitosan/dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel, termed the quaternized methacryloyl chitosan/dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel (QDL hydrogel). Through blue-light-induced cross-linking, the QDL hydrogel serves as a comprehensive wound dressing for socket healing. The QDL hydrogel exhibits remarkable efficacy in closing irregular tooth extraction wounds. Its favorable mechanical properties, flexible formability, and strong adhesion are achieved through modifications of chitosan and sodium alginate derived from biomass sources. Moreover, the QDL hydrogel demonstrates a superior hemostatic ability, facilitating swift blood clot formation. Additionally, the inherent antibacterial properties of the QDL hydrogel effectively inhibit oral microorganisms. Furthermore, the QDL hydrogel promotes angiogenesis, which facilitates the nutrient supply for subsequent tissue regeneration. Notably, the hydrogel accelerates socket healing by upregulating the expression of genes associated with wound healing. In conclusion, the periodontium-mimicking multifunctional hydrogel exhibits significant potential as a clinical tooth extraction wound dressing.
Topics: Hydrogels; Biomass; Chitosan; Dopamine; Periodontium; Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38305191
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01221 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2024The postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will...
The postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will aggravate the wound deterioration. Commercial periodontal dressings have been widely used for postoperative periodontal treatment, and there still exists some problems, such as poor biocompatibility, weak adhesion, insufficient antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a chitosan-gallic acid graft copolymer (CS-GA) is synthesized as a potential periodontal dressing hydrogel. CS-GA possesses high swelling rate, adjustable degradability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, strong adhesion ability, high mechanical properties and toughness. Furthermore, CS-GA has good scavenging ability for ·OH, O , and O And CS-GA has good inhibition effect on different bacterial through bacterial membranes damage. CS-GA can stop bleeding in a short time and adsorb erythrocytes to form physical blood clots to enhance the hemostatic performance. In addition, CS-GA can reduce inflammatory factors expressions, increase collagen fibers deposition, and neovascularization to promote wounds healing, which makes it as a potential periodontal dressing for postoperative tissue restoration.
Topics: Humans; Chitosan; Gallic Acid; Periodontal Dressings; Hydrogels; Wound Healing; Polymers; Tissue Adhesions; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38041691
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302877 -
Dental Traumatology : Official... Jun 2024Simultaneous avulsion of four or more teeth is a rare event. This case report examines the dental care given to an adult who, during a bicycle accident, experienced the...
Simultaneous avulsion of four or more teeth is a rare event. This case report examines the dental care given to an adult who, during a bicycle accident, experienced the avulsion of a mandibular incisor as well as all of his maxillary incisors. In the immediate aftermath of the accident, four out of the five incisors were located, promptly collected, and stored in a tooth rescue box, all within a 20-min window. Replantation and splinting were performed on the day of the accident. Endodontic treatment involved sequential intracanal dressing with an antibiotic-corticosteroid paste followed by calcium hydroxide prior to root canal obturation. 3 months post-accident, signs of external replacement resorption (ERR) began to appear in all the replanted teeth. The gap created by the missing maxillary central incisor was managed with a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis, despite the onset of ERR in the incisors used as abutment teeth. Regular follow-ups showed a relatively slow ERR progression rate over a span of nearly 6 years. The patient expressed satisfaction with both the esthetic and functional outcomes. This case, marked by multiple avulsions, underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate intervention alongside the imperative for carefully considered long-term management strategies. Given the decelerated bone remodeling rate in adults, ERR generally progresses at a slower pace than in children. Accordingly, this case demonstrates the viability of retaining replanted teeth over the long term, even when these teeth have been subjected to nonphysiological storage for extended durations, a factor known to impede periodontal healing.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Avulsion; Male; Tooth Replantation; Incisor; Root Canal Therapy; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Bicycling; Root Canal Obturation
PubMed: 38031999
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12915 -
Cureus Oct 2023Aim Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in periodontal surgery and dental procedures. These dressings have several functions and benefits, similar to surgical...
Aim Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in periodontal surgery and dental procedures. These dressings have several functions and benefits, similar to surgical wound dressings used in other surgical contexts. Periodontal dressings protect the surgical site and control bleeding in the oral cavity as they exert pressure on tissue and blood vessels. By protecting the wound and stabilizing the tissues, periodontal dressings create an environment that encourages proper and faster healing. Recently, the use of periodontal pack has reported various postoperative discomfort to the patients. This led to the development of an interest in considering fenugreek as an alternative to periodontal dressing as it possesses various antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects. Thus, fenugreek can be used as an alternative to periodontal dressing. The study aimed to prepare and evaluate the antimicrobial nature of fenugreek gel in oral microbes and the anti-inflammatory properties of gel with protein coagulation in egg albumin. Materials and methods The fenugreek gel preparation was done by grinding 100 g of fenugreek seeds into a powder and adding 100 ml of distilled water to the powder and then heating the mixture at 70°C for 30 minutes. Five milliliters of the fenugreek concentrate were added to an equal mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and Carbopol which was mixed thoroughly to form a gel. The antimicrobial nature of fenugreek has been evaluated in various organisms such as whereas the anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by protein coagulation method in egg albumin. Results The results stated that the fenugreek gel at a concentration of 100 µg/ml showed a greater zone of inhibition (5.39 ± 0.05) compared with doxycycline (1.1 ± 0.08) for a high antimicrobial potential against all oral microbes. The anti-inflammatory activity of the gel by protein coagulation method in egg albumin showed greater inhibition (67.15±1.36) at 100 µg/ml of fenugreek extract when compared with aspirin (64.43±2.93). Paired t-test was done for both the properties and the p-value was less than 0.5 stating that the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion The present study showed that the fenugreek gel possesses higher antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties when compared with doxycycline and aspirin, respectively. Hence, fenugreek gel can be used as an alternative periodontal dressing to reduce postoperative inflammation.
PubMed: 38022270
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47659 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort trial. One hundred fifty-five patients, referred to the Periodontal Department of Bologna University who needed periodontal surgical treatment, were recruited. The self-reported perception of the postoperative course was assessed using the following anonymous questionnaires: Italian oral health impact profile (I-OHIP-14), visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate the intensity of the pain, and 5-point Likert scale.
RESULTS
Patients reported a mean OHIP-14 total score of 9.87±8.5 (range 0-42), significantly influenced by the female sex, flap extension, and periodontal dressing. A mean VAS score of 2.96±2.39 (range 0-9) was calculated, and was found to be influenced by the presence of vertical releasing incisions and palatal flap extension. Of the 155 subjects, 40 (25.8%) patients reported bleeding as a post-surgical complication, 96 (61.9%) swelling, 105 (67.7%) eating discomfort, and 44 (28.4%) reported speech discomfort.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the nature of the present study, periodontal surgical procedures have a low impact on patients' quality of life evaluated through the OHIP-14 and VAS pain questionnaires.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Periodontal surgical procedures are safe procedures, with a limited duration of postoperative discomfort as well as the incidence of complications.
Topics: Female; Humans; Oral Health; Oral Surgical Procedures; Pain; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Male
PubMed: 37940683
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05362-y