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Open Veterinary Journal May 2024Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance which will lead to complications of other diseases such...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by insulin resistance which will lead to complications of other diseases such as dyslipidemia, which also affects the health of the liver and kidneys. Butterfly pea flower ( L.) has phenolic and flavonoid compounds which have the potential as herbal medicines for antidiabetics.
AIM
The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of butterfly pea flower extract (BPE) as an antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, and renoprotection.
METHODS
test was performed on Sprague Dawley rats ( L.) induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide and High Fat Diet-Propylthiouracil as models of DM and dyslipidemia, and BPE was administered orally (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver albumin levels, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid (UA), were measured by ELISA and colorimetry methods.
RESULTS
Treatment of BPE 800 mg/kg BW increased levels of GSH-Px, GST, albumin, and serum protein. BPE decreased TNF-α, NF-kB, and ALP. BPE also decreased BUN, serum CR, and serum UA.
CONCLUSION
BPE has the potential to be used as a drug alternative for the treatment of DM and dyslipidemia as well as a hepatoprotective and renoprotective agent.
Topics: Animals; Plant Extracts; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats; Dyslipidemias; Male; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Flowers
PubMed: 38938424
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i5.7 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024This study aimed to determine the effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and...
Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and cecal microflora of broilers during the starter phase.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status and cecal microflora of broilers during the starter phase.
METHODS
A total of 600 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates in each group. Chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet, while chickens in the experimental group were fed a diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/kg of C. butyricum and 1 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis. The experimental period was 21 days.
RESULTS
Addition of C. butyricum and B. subtilis significantly increased (p<0.05) the body weight and liver NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of broilers, enhanced (p<0.05) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers. However, the addition of C. butyricum and B. subtilis did not significantly affect the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the serum, the activities of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the liver, the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content in the serum and liver. Besides, microbial analysis revealed that supplementation of C. butyricum and B. subtilis increased (p<0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes such as CHKCI001 and Faecalibacterium, decreased (p<0.05) the abundance of Bacteroidota such as Bacteroides and Alistipes. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the above cecal microbiota were closely related to the growth performance of broilers (p<0.05). In addition, simultaneous supplementation of C. butyricum and B. subtilis significant affected (p<0.05) 33 different functional pathways such as lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. This explains the phenomenon of increased growth performance and liver NADP-ME activity in the probiotics group.
CONCLUSION
The compatibility of C. butyricum and B. subtilis could improve the growth of broilers during the starter phase by changing the cecal microflora.
PubMed: 38938023
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0132 -
BMC Nephrology Jun 2024To investigate the expression and significance of Fractalkine (CX3CL1, FKN) in serum and renal tissue of myeloperoxidase and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression and significance of Fractalkine (CX3CL1, FKN) in serum and renal tissue of myeloperoxidase and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) rats.
METHODS
Thirty Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly divided into: Control group, MPO-AAV group (400 µg/kg MPO mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant i.p), MPO-AAV + Anti-FKN group (400 µg/kg MPO mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant i.p), anti-FKN group (1 µg/ rat /day, i.p) after 6 weeks. MPO-AAV associated glomerulonephritis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of MPO + Freund's complete adjuvant with 10 mice in each group. The concentration of MPO-ANCA and FKN in serum was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect pathological changes of kidney tissue. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression and localization of FKN protein in kidney tissue. Renal function test indicators: 24-hour urinary protein (UAER), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr). The expression levels of p65NF-κB and IL-6 was detected by Immunohistochemical assays.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the serum MPO-ANCA antibody expression level in the MPO-AAV group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the contents of UAER, BUN and Scr were significantly up-regulated at 24 h (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the glomeruli in the MPO-AAV group had different degrees of damage, infiltration of inflammatory cell, and membrane cell hyperplasia and renal tubule edema. Compared with the control group, rats in the MPO-AAV group had significantly higher levels of FKN in serum and renal tissues (P < 0.01), and high expression of p65NF-κB and IL-6 in renal tissues (P < 0.01) (P < 0.05), whereas anti-FKN reversed the expression of the above factors. In MPO-AAV renal tissue, FKN was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells and glomerular podocytes. In addition, the contents of 24 h UAER, BUN and Scr of renal function in MPO-AAV rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and the damage of renal tissue was significantly ameliorated after the administration of antagonistic FKN.
CONCLUSION
FKN may play a key role in the pathogenesis of MPO-AAV associated glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Animals; Chemokine CX3CL1; Glomerulonephritis; Rats; Peroxidase; Rats, Inbred WKY; Male; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Kidney; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Transcription Factor RelA
PubMed: 38937701
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03565-3 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit quality depends on many traits including visual, biochemical and mineral characteristics. One of the negative traits is aril...
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit quality depends on many traits including visual, biochemical and mineral characteristics. One of the negative traits is aril whitening (AW) which is a frequently observed disorder in hot and dry climates, that leads to decline in desirable fruit quality. Color, antioxidant, and mineral contents of the arils are of prime importance as quality traits. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of shading and foliar minerals on fruit quality during the fruit development stages of pomegranate. Treatments included shaded (50% green net) and unshaded trees and foliar application of trees with potassium sulfate (K, 1% and 2%) or sodium silicate (Si, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%) during two growing seasons. Results showed that the severity of AW at harvest decreased significantly when trees were covered with shading compared to control. The color values of L* and ⁰hue for arils were lower in fruits grown under shading conditions indicating darker red arils. Shading significantly reduced chilling injury in cold storage compared to open field fruits. Shading and Si 0.15% increased superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes activity while decreased Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Covering trees with shading and Si 0.15% spray resulted in the highest total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics content in the arils. Shading as well as Si 0.15% increased macronutrients content of the arils. The study concluded that covering pomegranate trees and spraying with Si in hot climate reduced AW, increased antioxidant traits, and led to higher fruit quality.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fruit; Pomegranate; Silicates; Sulfates; Minerals; Color; Anthocyanins
PubMed: 38937529
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65084-3 -
Biologia Futura Jun 2024Ethanol can have harmful effects on the development of the embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on changes in liver...
Ethanol can have harmful effects on the development of the embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on changes in liver tissue damaged by ethanol in rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups, control, naive, sunflower oil (oil), ethanol, vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), ethanol + vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and oily ethanol. In the experimental groups, rats received ethanol (v/v 40%) and vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) orally once a day from gestational day 0 to 28 days after delivery. Then, we evaluated the weight of rats and their offspring, the number of offspring, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as antioxidant enzymes, in the liver tissue of the offspring. Vitamin E significantly increases in weight of pregnant mothers and their offspring on the 21st day of pregnancy. The level of MDA in the groups receiving vitamin E was significantly reduced compared to the ethanol group. The activity of GPx and SOD antioxidants enzymes was significantly increased in the offspring. Vitamin E could reduce ethanol-induced liver damage in male offspring by reducing oxidative stress.
PubMed: 38937316
DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00226-2 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024The RNA binding protein quaking (QKI) is associated with the development and progression of tumor suppressors in various cancers. However, the clinical implications of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The RNA binding protein quaking (QKI) is associated with the development and progression of tumor suppressors in various cancers. However, the clinical implications of QKI expression have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of QKI expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed QKI, Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), E-cadherin, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) immunohistochemical staining on 166 HCC patient tissue samples. X-tile bioinformatics software was used to set the cut-off value for high QKI expression. Correlations between QKI expression and various clinicopathological parameters were assessed.
RESULTS
The best cut-off value for high QKI expression was 12.5. High QKI expression was observed in 28 of 166 patients (16.9%) and was an independent prognostic factor for inferior recurrence-free survival (RFS). In addition, high ZEB1 and GPX4 expression correlated with high QKI expression, but not with the loss of E-cadherin expression.
CONCLUSION
High QKI expression was identified in HCCs and associated with poor RFS. QKI might be a prognostic biomarker of HCCs associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and a potential candidate therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Female; Prognosis; Middle Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; RNA-Binding Proteins; Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; Aged; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Adult; Cadherins; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
PubMed: 38936929
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13665 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024This study was conducted to investigate whether optimal vitamin C (VC) levels can enhance non-specific immune response and antioxidant capacity and reduce mortality of...
This study was conducted to investigate whether optimal vitamin C (VC) levels can enhance non-specific immune response and antioxidant capacity and reduce mortality of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) post-larvae when infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain six different VC levels of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 320 mg/kg diet (designated as C0, C40, C80, C120, C160 and C320, respectively). Shrimp post-larvae (39.1 ± 0.47 mg) were randomly distributed to 24 tanks with 40 shrimp per tank. Four replicate groups of shrimp were fed one of the diets for 43 days. VC supplemented groups showed significantly higher growth performance than C0 group. Shrimp fed C120 diet had significantly improved feed utilization efficiency than shrimp fed C0 diet. VC concentrations in hepatopancreas and gills were significantly higher with the increase in dietary VC levels. Optimal dietary VC levels significantly upregulated the expressions of growth and digestive enzyme-related genes such as IGF-1, IGF-BP, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, and also upregulated the expressions of innate immunity and antioxidant-related genes such as prophenoloxidase, crustin, penaiedin-3a, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in hepatopancreas. Shrimp fed C80, C120 and C160 diets showed significantly increased resistance to V. parahaemolyticus than shrimp fed C0 diet. The optimum dietary VC level for the shrimp post-larvae was established to be 80.2 mg/kg diet by a broken-line regression analysis based on the growth. The findings from the challenge test indicated that VC levels over 83.0 mg/kg diet could enhance disease resistance of the shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus.
PubMed: 38936519
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109723 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024Unsafe food additives pose a significant threat to global health, especially in developing countries. Many existing methods rely on clean laboratories, complicated...
Unsafe food additives pose a significant threat to global health, especially in developing countries. Many existing methods rely on clean laboratories, complicated optics equipment, trained personnel and lengthy detection time, which are not suitable for onsite food safety inspections in emergency situations, peculiarly in impoverished areas. In this paper, a fast and visual onsite method is designed for the detection and quantification of additives in food safety by engineering a nanohybrid (MoS/SDBS/Cu-CuFeO)-based catalysis. Interestingly, the nanohybrid presents peroxidase-like mimetic activity toward the substrate containing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), which are then integrated simply into a detection kit. The blue oxidated TMB in this kit can be converted completely to colorless by some bio-molecule additives in commercial food, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and ascorbic acid (AA). Remarkably, this process takes just less than 2 min and the detection limits are 2.8 nM, 5.5 nM and 47 nM, respectively. These results show excellent repeatability with a statistical analysis with (*P < 0.05) over 30 tests. Next, the images of the color changes can be captured clearly using a smartphone by red-green-blue (RGB) channels, which provides an opportunity for the development of field-operation device. Additionally, our approach is applied to some targets-indicative foods, showing a recovery range between 95.8 % and 104.2 %, offering an attractive and promising pathway for future practical food safety inspection applications. More importantly, this method can easily be extended to the detection of reducing substances in other analytical fields.
PubMed: 38936206
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124703 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2024Hg contamination poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Although gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have been utilized as fluorescence probes or...
Hg contamination poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Although gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have been utilized as fluorescence probes or colorimetric nanozymes for performing Hg assays by using a single method, designing multifunctional nanoclusters as fluorescent nanozyme remains challenging. Herein, Ce-aggregated gold nanoclusters (Ce-Au NCs) were reported with "three in one" functions to generate strong fluorescence, excellent peroxidase-like activity, and the highly specific recognition of Hg via its metallophilic interaction. A portable fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode sensing device based on Ce-Au NCs was developed for on-site visual analysis of Hg. In the presence of Hg, fluorescence was effectively quenched and the paper-based chips gradually darkened from green till they became completely absent, while peroxidase-like activity was significantly enhanced. Two independent signals were captured by one identification unit, which provided self-validation to improve reliability and accuracy. Therefore, this work presents a simple synthesis of a multifunctional fluorescent nanozyme, and the developed portable device for on-site visual detection has considerable potential for application in the rapid on-site analysis of heavy metal ions in the environment.
PubMed: 38936190
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134967 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Bimetallic MOF derivatives have shown excellent performance as nano-enzymes in the field of catalysis. Herein, PdCo oxide nanoflowers with three-dimensional flower were...
Bimetallic MOF derivatives have shown excellent performance as nano-enzymes in the field of catalysis. Herein, PdCo oxide nanoflowers with three-dimensional flower were prepared by a simple pyrolysis method on a precursor of bimetallic PdCo-MOF. PdCoO showed excellent peroxidase mimic activity, which could significantly promote the oxidation of TMB by HO. Compared with CoO, the peroxidase mimic activity of the optimized PdCoO-300 increased by 2.41-fold. PdCoO-300 has high affinity for TMB and HO with K values of 0.16 mM and 2.11 mM, which are only 57.03% and 36.87% of HRP, respectively. The highly specific peroxidase mimic activity is conducive to the sensitive detection of HO, glucose and ascorbic acid with limit of detection of 10, 100 and 10 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity in the actual beverage samples was conducted, which showed good anti-interference ability and recovery rate.
PubMed: 38936126
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140120