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Journal of Thermal Biology Jun 2024Heat stress poses a significant challenge to sheep farming in arid and semi-arid regions, impacting growth performance, health, and physiological responses. While sheep...
Effects of dietary curcumin nano-micelles on performance, biological responses, and thermal stress resilience in heat-stressed fattening lambs across varying temperature-humidity index conditions: Implications for climate change.
Heat stress poses a significant challenge to sheep farming in arid and semi-arid regions, impacting growth performance, health, and physiological responses. While sheep have innate mechanisms to manage heat stress, prolonged exposure impairs their performance and health. This study evaluated the influence of varying doses of Curcumin Nano-Micelle (CNM) on heat-stressed fattening lambs in northeastern Iran over three months, examining the relationship between CNM doses and growth performance, feeding behavior, physiological responses, immune function, and antioxidant status. Thirty-two crossbred male lambs were included in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replications. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) CTRL: No dietary inclusion of CNM, (control group); 2) T20: Dietary inclusion of 20 mg of CNM per head per day; 3) T40: Dietary inclusion of 40 mg of CNM per head per day; and 4) T80: Dietary inclusion of 80 mg of CNM per head per day. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with 20 and 40 mg of CNM significantly improved live body weight, weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control treatment. Regression analysis demonstrated quadratic models between growth performance parameters and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), indicating a correlation between CNM doses and the animals' responses to heat stress. Regarding eating behavior, CNM doses of 40 and 80 mg/day significantly reduced eating time while increasing ruminating time. Blood analysis indicated significant reductions in glucose levels across all treatments, with T40 significantly reducing both cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. Additionally, CNM supplementation decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, indicating enhanced antioxidant status. Physiological responses were influenced by CNM, notably reducing rectal temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), respiration rate (RR), while pulse rate (PR) increased across various time intervals, particularly in the T80 group. This study demonstrates that CNM supplementation can enhance performance, physiological responses, and antioxidant status in heat-stressed fattening lambs, highlighting its potential to mitigate heat stress effects in sheep farming.
PubMed: 38941825
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103905 -
Talanta Jun 2024In this work, the B, N co-doped carbon dots (B, N-CDs) were synthesized via facile hydrothermal approach with 6-aminopyridine boronic acid as precursor. In addition to...
In this work, the B, N co-doped carbon dots (B, N-CDs) were synthesized via facile hydrothermal approach with 6-aminopyridine boronic acid as precursor. In addition to emitting intense blue luminescence when exposed to ultraviolet light, the prepared B, N-CDs displayed remarkable peroxidase-like activity, which could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of 3, 3', 5, 5' -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue ox-TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (HO). Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of B, N-CDs increased gradually upon the addition of HO. Since cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) can catalyze the oxidation of cholesterol to form HO, the as-prepared B, N-CDs was then used as both colorimetric and fluorometric sensors for the detection of cholesterol with detection limit of 0.87 and 2.31 μM, respectively. Finally, the dual-mode approach based on B, N-CDs was effectively utilized for detecting cholesterol levels in serum samples, proving the potential application of B, N-CDs in the field of biological assay.
PubMed: 38941812
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126471 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutraceuticals vs. in-feed antibiotics on performance, blood lipids, antioxidant capacity, cecal microbiota,...
Nutraceuticals vs. antibiotic growth promoters: differential impacts on performance, meat quality, blood lipids, cecal microbiota, and organ histomorphology of broiler chicken.
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutraceuticals vs. in-feed antibiotics on performance, blood lipids, antioxidant capacity, cecal microbiota, and organ histomorphology of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old male broiler chickens were distributed into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicates each. The control group was fed on a basal diet without any additives (NC); the antibiotic group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 avilamycin (PC); the algal group was fed on a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris (1.5 g + 1.5 g/kg feed) (SP+CV); the essential oil group was fed with a basal diet containing 300 mg/kg feed rosemary oil (REO); and the probiotics group (a mixture of 1 × 10 CFU/g Bacillus licheniformis, 1 × 10 CFU/g Enterococcus facieum, 1 × 10 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 2 × 10 CFU /g Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 35 d. A beneficial effect of SP+CV and PRO (P < 0.01) was noticed on final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast yield. The dietary supplementation with SP+CV, REO, and PRO increased (P < 0.001) broilers' cecal lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control. Lower cecal Clostridium perfringens and Coliform counts (P < 0.001) were noticed in chickens fed the PC and supplemental diets. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes were increased in the breast and thigh meat (P < 0.001) of broiler chickens fed SP+CV, REO, and PRO diets. Dietary SP+CV, REO, and PRO supplementation decreased (P < 0.001) serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and MDA, but increased serum high-density lipoprotein and GPx compared to PC and NC. No pathological lesions were noticed in the liver, kidney, or breast muscle among broilers. The SP+CV, REO, and PRO groups had greater (P < 0.001) intestinal villi height and crypt depth while lower goblet cell densities (P < 0.01) than the control. The present findings suggest that PRO and SP+CV, followed by REO could be suitable alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing the performance, health, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
PubMed: 38941788
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103971 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024This study aims to investigate the correlation between breast cancer and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the correlation between breast cancer and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study enrolled 100 breast cancer patients at Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University from March 2020 to October 2021. Patients were categorized into benign and malignant groups based on tumor pathology. Additionally, 100 healthy female participants underwent physical examinations at the hospital's outpatient center during the same period as controls. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases was assessed via B-type ultrasound, thyroxine level examination, and biopsy. Statistical analyses explored the relationship between autoimmune thyroid diseases and breast cancer.
RESULTS
The pathological type of the malignant group was more severe than that of the healthy group. Although the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (FT4) in the malignant group fell within the normal range, the concentrations of T3 and T4 in the malignant group were significantly lower than those in the benign and healthy groups. Additionally, the levels of FT4 and antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase [anti-TPO] and anti-thyroglobulin [anti-TG]) were significantly higher in the malignant group compared to the benign and healthy groups, demonstrating statistical significance (P < .05). Conversely, the concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the malignant group showed no statistical significance (P > .05). Furthermore, the levels of T3 and T4 did not correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the study group (P > .05). However, both hormone levels were lower in patients with negative HER-2 expression and those with lymph node metastasis (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
Autoimmune thyroid disease correlates with breast cancer occurrence. Thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels aid clinical monitoring and prognosis. Positive anti-TG and anti-TPO expressions, along with T3, T4, and FT4 alterations, impact patients.
PubMed: 38940788
DOI: No ID Found -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024Cadmium poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of cadmium dust or cadmium compound dust, which greatly harms people's lives. Tea polyphenols extracted from green tea...
Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NRF2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) Gene Expression in Mice with Acute Cadmium Poisoning.
BACKGROUND
Cadmium poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of cadmium dust or cadmium compound dust, which greatly harms people's lives. Tea polyphenols extracted from green tea have wide biological properties, including anti-cardiovascular disease, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) are involved in the regulation of cadmium-induced oxidative damage. However, whether tea polyphenols relieve acute cadmium poisoning via regulating NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the influences of tea polyphenols on NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression in mice with acute cadmium poisoning.
DESIGN
This is an animal experiment that adopts hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.
SETTING
This study was carried out in Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Kunming mice aged 9 weeks, weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups: normal group, model group, low-dose tea polyphenols group, middle-dose tea polyphenols group, and high-dose tea polyphenols group.
INTERVENTIONS
Tea polyphenols were administered intraastrically into mice with doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, respectively.
OBSERVATION INDICATORS
(1) liver coefficient, (2) pathological liver injury, (3) liver function, (4) oxidative damage, and (5) NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression.
RESULTS
The liver coefficient, pathological liver injury, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels of the model group were higher relative to the normal group (P < .05). Relative to the model group, different doses of tea polyphenols treatment significantly relieved liver coefficient, pathological liver injury, serum aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels (P < .05). Malondialdehyde content in liver tissues of the model group was significantly higher compared to the normal group, while glutathione together with glutathione peroxidase contents of the model group was lower (P < .05). Compared to the model group, malondialdehyde content in liver tissues declined while glutathione together with glutathione peroxidase contents were elevated after different doses of tea polyphenols treatment (P < .05). Relative to the normal group, NRF2 expression in the liver tissues of the model group was significantly lower, while KEAP1 expression was higher (P < .05). Relative to the model group, NRF2 expression in the liver tissues was elevated after treatment of different doses of tea polyphenols, while KEAP1 expression was declined (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
Tea polyphenols can relieve liver injury in mice with acute cadmium poisoning by regulating NRF2 and KEAP1 expression. Our study might provide a promising treatment strategy for acute cadmium poisoning.
PubMed: 38940783
DOI: No ID Found -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2024Biothiol assays offer vital insights into health assessment and facilitate the early detection of potential health issues, thereby enabling timely and effective...
Biothiol assays offer vital insights into health assessment and facilitate the early detection of potential health issues, thereby enabling timely and effective interventions. In this study, we developed ultrasmall CuMn-Histidine (His) nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities. CuMn-His enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity at neutral pH was achieved through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic effects. In addition, CuMn-His possesses laccase (LAC)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities at neutral pH. Based on three different enzyme mimetic activities of CuMn-His at neutral pH, the colorimetric sensing array without changing the buffer solution was successfully constructed. The array was successfully used for the identification of three biothiols, glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy). Subsequently, excellent application results were shown in complex serum and cellular level analyses. This study provides an innovative strategy for the development of ultrasmall bimetallic nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities and the construction of colorimetric sensing arrays.
PubMed: 38940445
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04844 -
Oncology Reports Aug 2024Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is intricately linked to iron‑dependent lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence strongly supports the induction of ferroptosis... (Review)
Review
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is intricately linked to iron‑dependent lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence strongly supports the induction of ferroptosis as a promising strategy for treating cancers resistant to conventional therapies. A key player in ferroptosis regulation is ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), which promotes cancer cell resistance by promoting the production of the antioxidant form of coenzyme Q10. Of note, FSP1 confers resistance to ferroptosis independently of the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase‑4 pathway. Therefore, targeting FSP1 to weaken its inhibition of ferroptosis may be a viable strategy for treating refractory cancer. This review aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, the specific pathway by which FSP1 suppresses ferroptosis and the effect of FSP1 inhibitors on cancer cells.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Ferroptosis; S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; Ubiquinone; Lipid Peroxidation; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Animals; Glutathione; Antineoplastic Agents; Molecular Targeted Therapy
PubMed: 38940330
DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8764 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Jun 2024Excessively high or synchronized neuronal activity in the brain is the underlying cause of epilepsy, a condition of the central nervous system. Epilepsy is caused mostly... (Review)
Review
Excessively high or synchronized neuronal activity in the brain is the underlying cause of epilepsy, a condition of the central nervous system. Epilepsy is caused mostly by an imbalance in the activity of inhibitory and excitatory neural networks. Recurrent or prolonged seizures lead to neuronal death, which in turn promotes epileptogenesis and epileptic seizures. Ferrous ion-mediated cell death is known as ferroptosis, which is due to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products resulting from compromise of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant system. The pathophysiology of epilepsy has been linked to anomalies in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/GSH redox pathway, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism. Studies have shown that inhibiting ferroptosis may alleviate cognitive impairment and decrease seizures, indicating that it is neuroprotective. With the hope of aiding the development of more novel approaches for the management of epilepsy, this research aimed to examine the role of ferroptosis in this disease.
Topics: Ferroptosis; Humans; Epilepsy; Animals; Lipid Peroxidation; Iron
PubMed: 38940095
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2306113 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) played an important role in the folding, assembly and post-translational modification of proteins. ER homeostasis could be disrupted by... (Review)
Review
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) played an important role in the folding, assembly and post-translational modification of proteins. ER homeostasis could be disrupted by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and abnormal Ca2+ signaling, which was referred to ER stress (ERS). Ferroptosis was a unique programmed cell death model mediated by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and multiple signaling pathways. The changes of mitochondrial structure, the damage of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and excess accumulation of iron were the main characteristics of ferroptosis. ROS produced by ferroptosis can interfere with the activity of protein-folding enzymes, leading to the accumulation of large amounts of unfolded proteins, thus causing ERS. On the contrary, the increase of ERS level could promote ferroptosis by the accumulation of iron ion and lipid peroxide, the up-regulation of ferroptosis related genes. At present, the studies on the relationship between ferroptosis and ERS were one-sided and lack of in-depth studies on the interaction mechanism. This review aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of cross-talk between ferroptosis and ERS, and provide new strategies and targets for the treatment of liver diseases.
Topics: Ferroptosis; Humans; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Liver Diseases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Animals; Signal Transduction; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Endoplasmic Reticulum
PubMed: 38940044
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906221 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024Apricot kernels containing amygdalin (AMG) as the major cyanogenic glycoside are potentially useful as a complementary therapy for the management of several ailments...
BACKGROUND
Apricot kernels containing amygdalin (AMG) as the major cyanogenic glycoside are potentially useful as a complementary therapy for the management of several ailments including cancer. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of AMG, particularly in terms of male reproduction. Hence, this study evaluates selected qualitative characteristics of rabbit testicular tissue following administration of AMG or apricot kernels for 28 days.
METHODS
The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (Control, P1, P2, P3, P4). The Control received no AMG/apricot kernels while the experimental groups P1 and P2 received a daily intramuscular injection of amygdalin at a dose of 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) for 28 days, respectively. P3 and P4 received a daily dose of 60 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of crushed apricot kernels mixed with feed for 28 days, respectively. Changes to the testicular structure were quantified morphometrically, while tissue lysates were subjected to the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione concentration. The extent of damage to the proteins and lipids was quantified as well. Levels of selected cytokines were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while a luminometric approach was used to assess the activity of caspases.
RESULTS
Rabbits treated with 3.0 mg/kg b.w. AMG presented a significantly increased protein oxidation ( = 0.0118) accompanied by a depletion of superoxide dismutase ( = 0.0464), catalase ( = 0.0317), and glutathione peroxidase ( = 0.0002). Significantly increased levels of interleukin-1 beta ( = 0.0012), tumor necrosis factors alpha ( = 0.0159), caspase-3/7 ( = 0.0014), and caspase-9 ( = 0.0243) were also recorded in the experimental group P2 when compared to the Control. No effects were observed in the rabbits treated with apricot kernels at the oxidative, inflammatory, and histopathological levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Apricot kernels did not induce toxicity in the testicular tissues of male rabbits, unlike pure AMG, which had a negative effect on male reproductive structures carried out through oxidative, inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rabbits; Testis; Amygdalin; Prunus armeniaca; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Antioxidants; Inflammation
PubMed: 38940029
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906235