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Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Child; Deafness; Sign Language; Persons With Hearing Impairments; Language; Education of Hearing Disabled; Comprehension
PubMed: 38913495
DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enae016 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Intoeing in children is a common parental concern, but our understanding of the impact of foot progression angle (FPA) in these children leaves remains limited. This...
Intoeing in children is a common parental concern, but our understanding of the impact of foot progression angle (FPA) in these children leaves remains limited. This study examines the relationship between FPA and plantar loading pattern, as well as gait symmetry in children with intoeing. The sample included 30 children with intoeing caused by internal tibial torsion, uniformly divided into three groups: unilateral intoeing, bilateral mild intoeing, and bilateral mild-moderate intoeing. The relationship between FPA and plantar loading pattern, and gait symmetry within and among groups were assessed using dynamic pedobarographic and spatiotemporal data. Results indicated a significant correlation between FPA and peak pressure, maximum force, and plantar impulse in the medial and central forefoot, and also the medial and lateral heel zones for both bilateral intoeing groups. Significant differences were observed only in subdivided stance phase, including loading response, single support, and pre-swing phases, between the unilateral intoeing and bilateral mild intoeing groups. These findings suggest that FPA significantly affects the forefoot and heel zones, potentially increasing the load on the support structures and leading to transverse arch deformation. While children with intoeing demonstrate a dynamic self-adjustment capability to maintain gait symmetry, this ability begins to falter as intoeing becomes more pronounced.
Topics: Humans; Child; Gait; Female; Male; Foot; Weight-Bearing; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 38909161
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65422-5 -
BMC Geriatrics Jun 2024Increase in functional disability in aging societies is an international medical and public health issue. Masticatory function may be a potential risk factor for... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Increase in functional disability in aging societies is an international medical and public health issue. Masticatory function may be a potential risk factor for functional disability, but the role of frailty in the association has not been clarified.
METHODS
Forty thousand five hundred sixty-two community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over who were insured by public health insurance as of April 2018 were followed up for a median of 3.0 years. Masticatory function was categorized as good, moderate, or poor based on a self-reported questionnaire. The development of functional disability was defined as a new certification of the need for long-term care. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
During the follow-up period, 1,397 individuals experienced functional disability. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, medical history, and lifestyle behaviors, the HR for incident functional disability was significantly higher in the moderate and poor groups compared to the good group (moderate, HR 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07-1.37]; poor, HR 1.64 [95% CI, 1.03-2.62]). However, after additional adjustment for frailty-related factors-namely, underweight, regular exercise, and gait speed-the association was attenuated in both the moderate group (HR 1.06 [95% CI, 0.94-1.21]) and the poor group (HR 1.51 [95% CI, 0.94-2.41]).
CONCLUSIONS
Masticatory dysfunction was significantly associated with incident functional disability in a community-dwelling older Japanese population. Our findings suggest that masticatory dysfunction may be a surrogate of frailty rather than a direct cause of functional disability.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Female; Frailty; Mastication; Aged, 80 and over; Independent Living; Frail Elderly; Disabled Persons; Disability Evaluation; Risk Factors; Geriatric Assessment; Japan
PubMed: 38907214
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05131-w -
Work (Reading, Mass.) Jun 2024There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual's health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities...
BACKGROUND
There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual's health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their employment outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD.
METHODS
We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations.
RESULTS
347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth.
CONCLUSIONS
Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers.
PubMed: 38905070
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220721 -
BMJ Open Jun 2024To identify the needs of people with long COVID (LC) in the UK.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the needs of people with long COVID (LC) in the UK.
DESIGN
Qualitative study using the Framework Analysis to analyse focus group discussions.
PARTICIPANTS
25 adults with LC aged 19-76 years including 17 men and 8 women. Average disease duration was 80.1 weeks.
SETTING
Eight focus groups were conducted in April 2023 online and in-person at the University of Leeds (UoL), UK. Recruitment routes included advertisement via Leeds Community Healthcare services, the English National Opera Breathe Programme and within the UoL.
RESULTS
Three key themes/needs were identified. (Theme 1) Support systems including community groups, disability benefits, clinical services and employment support should be accessible and tailored to the needs of people with LC. (Theme 2) Research should investigate the physiology of symptoms, new clinical tests and treatment interventions to improve clinical understanding of the condition and symptom management. (Theme 3) Societal awareness should be promoted via local and national initiatives to educate the public about the condition and reduce stigma.
CONCLUSIONS
Participants experienced varied and individual challenges to daily life due to LC. There is a need for government acknowledgement of LC as a disability to ensure people with LC have access to disability support and legal protection. Policy development should be patient-driven and acknowledge the individual needs of people with LC in order to improve their quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; United Kingdom; Qualitative Research; COVID-19; Focus Groups; Needs Assessment; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Health Services Needs and Demand
PubMed: 38904135
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082728 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2024In the United States, sexual, reproductive, and perinatal health inequities are well documented and known to be caused by a history of systemic oppression along many...
In the United States, sexual, reproductive, and perinatal health inequities are well documented and known to be caused by a history of systemic oppression along many axes, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic position, sexual orientation, and disability. Medical schools are responsible for educating students on systems of oppression and their impact on health. Reproductive justice advocates, including lay persons, medical students, and teaching faculty, have urged for integrating the reproductive justice framework into medical education and clinical practice. In response to medical student advocacy, we developed introductory didactic sessions on social and reproductive justice for preclinical medical students. These were created in a team-based learning format and include pre-course primer materials on reproductive justice. During the sessions, students engaged with hypothetical clinical vignettes in small groups to identify oppressive structures that may have contributed to the health outcomes described and potential avenues for contextually relevant and level-appropriate advocacy. The sessions took place in November 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (virtually) and were well attended by students. We highlight our experience, student feedback, and next steps, including further integration of reproductive health equity into medical school curricula in concert with department-wide education for faculty, residents, nursing, and allied health professionals. This introduction to social and reproductive justice can be adapted and scaled across different medical school curricula, enhancing the training of a new generation of physicians to become critically aware of how oppressive structures create health inequities and able to mitigate their impact through their roles as clinicians, researchers, and advocates.
Topics: Humans; Health Equity; Reproductive Health; Curriculum; Students, Medical; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Social Justice; United States
PubMed: 38903002
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2364984 -
BMC Health Services Research Jun 2024Along with the social and economic challenges posed by an aging society, creating work conditions that allow persons to stay healthy and work into old age has become a...
Risk factors and service gaps affecting a sustainable work: a qualitative multi-stakeholder analysis in the context of persons with acquired brain injury living in Switzerland.
INTRODUCTION
Along with the social and economic challenges posed by an aging society, creating work conditions that allow persons to stay healthy and work into old age has become a major task of Western societies. Retaining employment after returning to work is particularly difficult for individuals with a disability, as evidenced by the high rate of premature labor market dropout. Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) exemplify this challenge, as it often impairs cognitive, technical, and interpersonal abilities that are crucial in today's labor market. To effectively support these individuals, vocational integration practitioners require comprehensive knowledge of risk factors for premature labor market dropout and effective strategies for sustainable work.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to identify perceived risk factors and related service gaps regarding sustainable work for people with ABI, as reported by affected individuals, employers, vocational integration professionals, and health professionals.
METHODS
Secondary data analysis. Data that was originally collected through seven focus groups and two interviews with persons with ABI, 15 interviews with employers, and 13 interviews with vocational integration and health professionals in the context of the project 'Sustainable employment' was re-analysed thematically.
RESULTS
Two major themes of risk factors were identified: (1) person-related factors (including the subthemes: post-ABI impairments; lack of understanding of post-ABI impairments; poor health management) and (2) environment-related factors (including the subthemes: challenges related to the service structure; insufficient knowledge and education about ABI; challenges at the workplace; difficulties in private life). While stakeholders noted the variety of the currently available services, they particularly pointed to the missing long-term monitoring and counseling services for persons with ABI following the initial return-to-work, reflecting a major challenge for sustainable work. An overarching gap related to the fragmentation of the service structure and the lack of case coordination along the working life.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple stakeholders emphasized the importance of empowering individuals, ensuring easy access to professional support, and providing a suitable work environment to address key risk factors and facilitate sustainable work for individuals with ABI. Continuous coaching, long-term monitoring and counseling following return-to-work, were identified as potential strategies to achieve these goals.
Topics: Humans; Female; Switzerland; Risk Factors; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Brain Injuries; Focus Groups; Return to Work; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Employment; Stakeholder Participation; Interviews as Topic
PubMed: 38902701
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11128-3 -
Revue de L'infirmiere 2024As part of their training, volunteer nursing students from the Gers healthcare training institute were invited to take part in a sports exchange with a handibasket team.... (Review)
Review
As part of their training, volunteer nursing students from the Gers healthcare training institute were invited to take part in a sports exchange with a handibasket team. The main aim of the project was to change their perceptions of disability. Here, four of the students share their experiences and the benefits of the experience.
Topics: Humans; Students, Nursing; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 38901912
DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2024.05.014 -
Epidemiology and Health Jun 2024This cohort profile describes one of the largest linked datasets in the world concerning the health of people with intellectual disability. The cohort comprises a...
This cohort profile describes one of the largest linked datasets in the world concerning the health of people with intellectual disability. The cohort comprises a retrospective group of 100,089 individuals with intellectual disability who received disability and/or health services in New South Wales, Australia. Of these participants, 34% were female, with a median age at cohort entry of 3 years (interquartile range, 0 to 19 years). A separate comparator cohort included 455,677 individuals, matched by 5-year age group, sex, and residential postcode at a 5:1 ratio. Initial results indicate that between 2001 and 2018, people with intellectual disability experienced more than double the rate of hospitalisations (538 versus 235 per 1000 person-years), as well as markedly higher rates of emergency department presentations (707 versus 379 per 1000 person-years) and use of ambulatory mental health services (1012 versus 157 per 1000 person-years), relative to the comparator cohort. The largest disparities in hospital admissions were for mental disorders, dialysis, and diseases of the nervous system and sense organs. Furthermore, individuals with intellectual disability had more than double the rate of dispensed medications found in the comparator cohort. Of these medications, 46.6% were for the treatment of nervous system conditions, as opposed to 24.7% for the comparator cohort. The mean age at death was 52 years (standard deviation [SD], 19 years) for people with intellectual disability and 64 years (SD, 22 years) for the comparator participants.
PubMed: 38901827
DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024054 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2024To investigate the prevalence of non-person-first language (PFL) in consecutive general ophthalmology referrals to a single tertiary ophthalmology clinic.
PURPOSE
To investigate the prevalence of non-person-first language (PFL) in consecutive general ophthalmology referrals to a single tertiary ophthalmology clinic.
DESIGN
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Participants included Ophthalmology patients seen for their initial visit to a single tertiary ophthalmology clinic from July 2018 to December 2022. Ten randomly selected referrals from each day were screened for non-PFL as per the American Medical Association and American Psychological Association guidelines. Non-PFL was further categorized into general, diabetes, stigma, obesity, or ageism subcategories. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between non-PFL use and referring provider gender and specialty, length of referral, and patient age and gender.
RESULTS
A total of 2625 referrals were included in the study and 136 (5.2%) used non-PFL, such as referring to a person with diabetes as a "diabetic". Error types included Diabetes (38.2%), Stigma (30.9%), General (23.5%), Disability (8.8%), and Obesity (4.4%). Year of referral was predictive of non-PFL (p=0.0016), with most occurring in 2020 (9.5%). Non-PFL was significantly more likely to occur in long length referrals compared to medium and short length referrals (16.2% vs. 5.1% vs. 3.5%, p<0.001). Referring provider specialty was also predictive of non-PFL (p<0.001) with most received by Family Medicine (8.3%), Optometry (4.4%), Emergency Medicine (0.62%), Ophthalmology (4.2%), Others (2.9%). Patient gender (p=0.5563), patient age (p=0.3466), and referring provider gender (p=0.9057) were not predictive of non-PFL.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-PFL use was most prevalent in 2020, with the most common referral sources being Family Medicine and Optometry. The highest proportions of non-PFL errors made were diabetes and stigma errors. Increased use of PFL in physician-physician communication can decrease intersectional stigma and promote inclusive patient care for ophthalmology patients.
PubMed: 38901721
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.05.033