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Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Jun 2024Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalized older patients. Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) can improve patient outcomes but can also lead to complications...
Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalized older patients. Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) can improve patient outcomes but can also lead to complications that affect future treatment. Older inpatients, in particular, are expected to be prone to these catheter-related complications. However, the impact of peripheral PN on older inpatients has been rarely investigated. In the current study, the impact of PN on short peripheral catheters (SPCs) was evaluated by comparing signs and symptoms at the time of catheter removal between 22 patients with PN and 27 without. In addition to external clinical assessment, sonographic investigations of the SPC site were performed. The prevalence of external signs and symptoms of complications was similar between the patients (all P > 0.05). However, subcutaneous edema was found by ultrasound in > 80% of patients with PN, compared with 55.6% of those without PN (P = 0.051). Unlike cases without PN, all patients with PN who presented with external signs and symptoms developed subcutaneous edema (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that administration of PN was independently associated with subcutaneous edema (adjusted odds ratio = 6.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.083-75.486, P = 0.040). For several decades, phlebitis has been the primary focus of complications related to peripheral PN in clinical settings. However, our results imply that peripheral PN causes subcutaneous edema, which can lead to catheter failure in older inpatients. This study contributes to understanding the etiology of catheter failure during peripheral PN in this population.
PubMed: 38880602
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01029 -
Trials Jun 2024Maintaining venous access is of great clinical importance. Running a slow continuous infusion to keep the vein open (KVO) is often used in peripheral intravenous...
The effect of different flushing and locking techniques on catheter occlusion rates in central venous catheters: protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled, parallel-group, open-label, superiority clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
Maintaining venous access is of great clinical importance. Running a slow continuous infusion to keep the vein open (KVO) is often used in peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs). Previous studies have compared the effects of intermittent flushing and continuous infusion via peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). In this study, we applied KVO to central venous catheters (CVCs) and compared the occlusion rate of this technique with that of the intermittent flushing technique.
METHOD
This is a randomized controlled trial of 14 hospitals in China. A total of 250 patients will be recruited in this study, and they will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio. After study inclusion, patients who will undergo CVC insertion will receive intermittent flushing with prefilled saline syringes (control group) or KVO infusion with elastic pumps (test group). All the catheters will be checked for patency by scoping Catheter Injection and Aspiration (CINAS) Classification on Days 3 and 7. The primary outcome is the rate of catheter occlusion in 7 days. Patients will be followed up until 9 days after CVC insertion, catheter occlusion, or catheter removal. The secondary outcomes are the rate of catheter occlusion in 3 days, nurse satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, adverse event rate, catheter-related bloodstream infection rate, catheter-related thrombosis rate, extravasation rate, phlebitis rate, and catheter migration.
DISCUSSION
We expect that the trial will generate findings that can provide an evidence-based basis for the improvement and optimization of clinical catheter flushing techniques.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200064007. Registered on 23 September 2022. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=177311 .
Topics: Humans; Central Venous Catheters; Catheterization, Central Venous; Catheter Obstruction; China; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Equivalence Trials as Topic; Middle Aged; Adult; Male; Treatment Outcome; Female; Time Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Catheterization, Peripheral; Catheters, Indwelling; Infusions, Intravenous; Therapeutic Irrigation; Aged
PubMed: 38867301
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08141-6 -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024Evidence regarding the best antibiotic regimen and the route of administration to treat acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is scarce. The aim of the present study...
BACKGROUND
Evidence regarding the best antibiotic regimen and the route of administration to treat acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is scarce. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) β-lactam antibiotics versus oral quinolones.
METHODS
This is a retrospective single centre study of patients diagnosed with AFBN between January 2017 and December 2018 in Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (Spain). Patients were identified from the diagnostic codifications database. Patients treated with oral quinolones were compared with those treated with IV β-lactam antibiotics. Therapeutic failure was defined as death, relapse, or evolution to abscess within the first 30 days.
RESULTS
A total of 264 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of those, 103 patients (39%) received oral ciprofloxacin, and 70 (26.5%) IV β-lactam. The most common isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (149, 73.8%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26, 12.9%). Mean duration of treatment was 21.3 days (SD 7.9). There were no statistical differences regarding therapeutic failure between oral quinolones and IV β-lactam treatment (6.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.6). Out of the 66 patients treated with intravenous antibiotics, 4 (6.1%) experienced an episode of phlebitis and 1 patient (1.5%) an episode of catheter-related bacteraemia.
CONCLUSIONS
When susceptible, treatment of AFBN with oral quinolones is as effective as IV β-lactam treatment with fewer adverse events.
PubMed: 38856826
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04871-2 -
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients...
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients receiving reperfusion therapy.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 26, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared high-dose GIK and placebos in ACS patients receiving reperfusion therapy. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).
RESULTS
Eleven RCTs with 884 patients were ultimately included. Compared with placebos, high-dose GIK markedly reduced MACEs (risk ratio [] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [95% ]: 0.35 to 0.94, =0.03) and the risk of heart failure ( 0.48, 95% : 0.25 to 0.95, =0.04) and improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (mean difference [] 2.12, 95% : 0.40 to 3.92, =0.02) at 6 months. However, no difference was observed in all-cause mortality at 30 d or 1 year. Additionally, high-dose GIK was significantly associated with increased incidences of phlebitis ( 4.78, 95% : 1.36 to 16.76, =0.01), hyperglycemia ( 9.06, 95% : 1.74 to 47.29, =0.009) and hypoglycemia ( 6.50, 95% : 1.28 to 33.01, =0.02) but not reinfarction, hyperkalemia or secondary reperfusion. In terms of oxidative stress-lowering function, high-dose GIK markedly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity but not glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) or catalase (CAT) activity.
CONCLUSION
Patients with ACS receiving reperfusion therapy exhibited a reduction in MACEs and good oxidative stress-lowering efficacy in response to high-dose GIK. Moreover, with a higher incidence of complications such as phlebitis, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. Furthermore, there were no observed survival benefits associated with high-dose GIK. More trials with long-term follow-up are still needed.
PubMed: 38855366
DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.048 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun 2024Particulate contamination, the unintentional presence of particles in parenteral fluids, is associated with potential risks such as phlebitis and thrombophlebitis....
Examination of Particulate Contamination in Parenteral Injections and Infusions Following Fluid Withdrawal Utilizing Conventional Needles and Filter Needles: Assessment of Compliance and Comparative Analysis.
Particulate contamination, the unintentional presence of particles in parenteral fluids, is associated with potential risks such as phlebitis and thrombophlebitis. Recent guidelines recommend the use of filter needles when withdrawing parenteral fluid from vials with a rubber stopper. However, the literature is limited and lacks clarity regarding the advantages of filter needles over conventional needles. The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of parenteral fluids regarding particulate contamination after withdrawing fluid using both conventional needles and filter needles, following the guidelines of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Visible particles were counted through visual inspection and sub-visible particles were quantified utilizing the light obscuration particle count test. Particle counts for both types of needles were compared to Ph. Eur. and USP standards and differences in particle contamination were assessed using a Mann-Whitney U test. Both types of needles demonstrated compliance with Ph. Eur. and USP standards regarding particulate contamination of visible and sub-visible particles. However, filter needles exhibited a significantly higher particle count for particles with a size of ≥25 µm compared to conventional needles (p = 0.0029). In conclusion, both types of needles demonstrate suitability for aspirating fluid from vials featuring rubber stoppers regarding particulate contamination. Nevertheless, non-filter needles are preferred for withdrawing fluid from vials with a rubber stopper over filter needles due to their lower cost.
PubMed: 38852673
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.031 -
Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Jun 2024Vinorelbine is a commonly used drug to treat various malignancies, such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic pleural mesothelioma. Its side...
Vinorelbine is a commonly used drug to treat various malignancies, such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic pleural mesothelioma. Its side effects include severe neutropenia, local phlebitis, gastrointestinal reactions, and neurotoxicity. In view of the scarcity of research on vinorelbine's reproductive toxicity, this study evaluated the impact of vinorelbine ditartrate, a commonly used form of vinorelbine, on oocyte maturation in vitro. Our investigation revealed that vinorelbine ditartrate had no effect on oocyte meiotic resumption. However, it did reduce the rate of first polar body extrusion, suggesting that it could significantly impede the meiotic maturation of oocytes. Vinorelbine ditartrate exposure was found to disturb the regular spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, leading to the continuous activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and a delayed activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), ultimately causing aneuploidy in oocytes. Consequently, the administration of vinorelbine is likely to result in oocyte aneuploidy, which can be helpful in providing a drug reference and fertility guidance in a clinical context.
PubMed: 38851359
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108634 -
Medicine Jun 2024To explore the clinical application value of intracavitary electrocardiogram (ECG) localization combined with ultrasound in central venous catheterization in critically... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Clinical application of intracavitary electrocardiogram localization combined with ultrasound in central venous catheterization in critically ill patients: An observational study.
To explore the clinical application value of intracavitary electrocardiogram (ECG) localization combined with ultrasound in central venous catheterization in critically ill patients. A total of 103 patients who were treated in the intensive care unit of our hospital from October 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and according to the differences in their central venous catheter placement methods, they were divided into study group (n = 52, receiving ultrasound combined with intracavitary ECG localization for catheterization) and control group (n = 51, receiving routine catheterization). The differences in the catheter placement accuracy, catheter depth, catheter placement duration, incidence of catheter-related complications, length of stay, and hospitalization expenses between the 2 groups were compared. The analysis utilizing X-ray for catheter tip positioning indicated that the catheter tip placement rate was higher in the study group than in the control group, and the catheter tip malposition rate was lower than in the control group (P < .05). There was no statistical significance in the catheter depth between study group and control group (P > .05), and the catheter placement duration of study group was significantly lower than that of control group, with statistical significance (P < .05). One case of partial catheter blockage, one case of catheter-related bloodstream infection, and one case of phlebitis were observed in study group, with an overall incidence of complications of 5.77% (3/52), which was significantly lower than 21.57% (11/51) of control group (P < .05). The length of stay and hospitalization expenses in study group were significantly lower than those in control group, with statistical significance (P < .05). The combined use of ultrasound and intracavitary ECG localization in critically ill patients undergoing central venous catheterization can help increase the success rate of catheter placement, shorten the catheter placement duration, reduce the incidence of various catheter-related complications, and also reduce the length of stay and hospitalization expenses.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Electrocardiography; Critical Illness; Middle Aged; Catheterization, Central Venous; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Aged; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Adult; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 38847702
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038372 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Ovarian Neoplasms; Thrombophlebitis; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38845261
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.029 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024This article reports a case of a female patient admitted with swelling and subcutaneous mass in the right forearm, initially suspected to be multiple nerve fibroma.... (Review)
Review
This article reports a case of a female patient admitted with swelling and subcutaneous mass in the right forearm, initially suspected to be multiple nerve fibroma. However, through preoperative imaging and surgery, the final diagnosis confirmed superficial thrombophlebitis. This condition resulted in entrapment of the radial nerve branch, leading to noticeable nerve entrapment and radiating pain. The surgery involved the excision of inflammatory tissue and thrombus, ligation of the cephalic vein, and complete release of the radial nerve branch. Postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of Superficial Thrombophlebitis. Through this case, we emphasize the importance of comprehensive utilization of clinical, imaging, and surgical interventions for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. This is the first clinical report of radial nerve branch entrapment due to superficial thrombophlebitis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Thrombophlebitis; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Forearm; Radial Nerve; Radial Neuropathy; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38824539
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07545-4 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports May 2024Lemierre's syndrome is a fatal and rare disease that is typically characterized by oropharyngeal infection and internal jugular vein thrombosis. Timely institution of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lemierre's syndrome is a fatal and rare disease that is typically characterized by oropharyngeal infection and internal jugular vein thrombosis. Timely institution of appropriate antibiotics is the standard treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION
The authors report a case of Lemierre's syndrome. A 67-year-old male patient of Han ethnicity in China suffered from a large inflammatory neck mass involving left internal jugular vein thrombosis diagnosed as Lemierre's syndrome and finally cured by surgical treatment. In addition, a literature review was carried out through PubMed using the terms "Lemierre's syndrome/disease and review, meta-analysis or retrospective study" and "Lemierre's syndrome/disease and internal jugular vein". This search yielded six articles that recorded surgical methods such as drainage, craniotomy, tooth extraction, and ligation of the occluded vein to give clinicians more ideas about the treatment of the Lemierre's syndrome.
CONCLUSION
This is the first review to summarize the conditions under which surgical treatment are conducted. Additionally, this is the first report of such a large inflammatory neck mass that was completely cured by surgical resection and internal jugular vein ligation. The authors also offer several conclusions regarding surgical intervention in Lemierre's syndrome for the first time.
Topics: Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Male; Jugular Veins; Aged; Treatment Outcome; Ligation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 38816729
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04584-2