-
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Jun 20245-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic agent known for its low bioavailability and limited cellular penetration, often resulting in adverse effects on healthy cells....
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic agent known for its low bioavailability and limited cellular penetration, often resulting in adverse effects on healthy cells. Thus, finding vehicles that enhance bioavailability, enable controlled release, and mitigate adverse effects is crucial. The study focuses on encapsulating 5-FU within soy lecithin vesicles (SLVs) and assessing its impact on the carrier's properties and functionality. Results show that incorporating 5-FU does not affect SLVs' size or polydispersity, even postlyophilization. Liberation of 5-FU from SLVs requires system disruption rather than spontaneous release, with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 43% determined using Square Wave Voltammetry. Cytotoxicity assays on colorectal cancer cells reveal SLV-based delivery's significant efficacy, surpassing free drug solution effects with 45% cell viability after 72 h vs 73% viability. The research addresses 5-FU's limited bioavailability by creating a biocompatible nanocarrier for efficient drug delivery, highlighting SLVs as promising for targeted cancer therapy due to sustained antiproliferative effects and improved cellular uptake. The study underscores the importance of tailored drug delivery systems in enhancing therapeutic outcomes and suggests SLV/5-FU formulations as a potential advancement in cancer treatment strategies.
Topics: Fluorouracil; Lecithins; Humans; Drug Carriers; Cell Survival; Glycine max; Drug Liberation; Electrochemical Techniques; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38808516
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02202 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Numerous failures in melanoma treatment as a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with an unfavorable prognosis and excessive resistance to conventional therapies are...
PURPOSE
Numerous failures in melanoma treatment as a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with an unfavorable prognosis and excessive resistance to conventional therapies are prompting an urgent search for more effective therapeutic tools. Consequently, to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce the side effects of traditional administration ways, herein, it has become crucial to combine photodynamic therapy as a promising therapeutic approach with the selectivity and biocompatibility of a novel colloidal transdermal nanoplatform for effective delivery of hybrid cargo with synergistic effects on melanoma cells.
METHODS
The self-assembled bilosomes, co-stabilized with L-α-phosphatidylcholine, sodium cholate, Pluronic P123, and cholesterol, were designated, and the stability of colloidal vesicles was studied using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, also provided in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium). The hybrid compounds - a classical photosensitizer (Methylene Blue) along with a complementary natural polyphenolic agent (curcumin), were successfully co-loaded, as confirmed by UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, and fluorescent spectroscopies. The biocompatibility and usefulness of the polymer functionalized bilosome with loaded double cargo were demonstrated in vitro cyto- and phototoxicity experiments using normal keratinocytes and melanoma cancer cells.
RESULTS
The in vitro bioimaging and immunofluorescence study upon human skin epithelial (A375) and malignant (Me45) melanoma cell lines established the protective effect of the PEGylated bilosome surface. This effect was confirmed in cytotoxicity experiments, also determined on human cutaneous (HaCaT) keratinocytes. The flow cytometry experiments indicated the enhanced uptake of the encapsulated hybrid cargo compared to the non-loaded MB and CUR molecules, as well as a selectivity of the obtained nanocarriers upon tumor cell lines. The phyto-photodynamic action provided 24h-post irradiation revealed a more significant influence of the nanoplatform on Me45 cells in contrast to the A375 cell line, causing the cell viability rate below 20% of the control.
CONCLUSION
As a result, we established an innovative and effective strategy for potential metastatic melanoma treatment through the synergism of phyto-photodynamic therapy and novel bilosomal-origin nanophotosensitizers.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma; Photochemotherapy; Cell Line, Tumor; Photosensitizing Agents; Curcumin; Nanomedicine; Cell Survival; Liposomes; Cholesterol; Phosphatidylcholines; Sodium Cholate; Drug Delivery Systems; Poloxalene
PubMed: 38808148
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S450181 -
Science Signaling May 2024The Hippo pathway blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in cancer mediated by the transcriptional coactivator YAP. In this issue of , Palamiuc... (Review)
Review
The Hippo pathway blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in cancer mediated by the transcriptional coactivator YAP. In this issue of , Palamiuc demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PI5P) enhances Hippo pathway activation and that simultaneously the Hippo pathway initiates a positive feedback loop by inhibiting the conversion of PI5P into PIP.
Topics: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Signal Transduction; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Neoplasms; Animals; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 38805585
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adp3504 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2024Myogenesis is a multistep process that requires a spatiotemporal regulation of cell events resulting finally in myoblast fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Most major...
Myogenesis is a multistep process that requires a spatiotemporal regulation of cell events resulting finally in myoblast fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Most major insights into the mechanisms underlying fusion seem to be conserved from insects to mammals and include the formation of podosome-like protrusions (PLPs) that exert a driving force toward the founder cell. However, the machinery that governs this process remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that MTM1 is the main enzyme responsible for the production of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, which in turn fuels PI5P 4-kinase α to produce a minor and functional pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate that concentrates in PLPs containing the scaffolding protein Tks5, Dynamin-2, and the fusogenic protein Myomaker. Collectively, our data reveal a functional crosstalk between a PI-phosphatase and a PI-kinase in the regulation of PLP formation.
Topics: Animals; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Mice; Cell Fusion; Myoblasts; Podosomes; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor; Muscle Development
PubMed: 38805272
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217971121 -
BMC Microbiology May 2024The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed... (Review)
Review
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids at the inner leaflet. OM asymmetry is maintained by the Mla system, in which is responsible for the retrograde transport of glycerophospholipids from the OM to the inner membrane. This system is comprised of six Mla proteins, including MlaA, an OM lipoprotein involved in the removal of glycerophospholipids that are mis-localized at the outer leaflet of the OM. Interestingly, MlaA was initially identified - and called VacJ - based on its role in the intracellular spreading of Shigella flexneri.Many open questions remain with respect to the Mla system and the mechanism involved in the translocation of mislocated glycerophospholipids at the outer leaflet of the OM, by MlaA. After summarizing the current knowledge on MlaA, we focus on the impact of mlaA deletion on OM lipid composition and biophysical properties of the OM. How changes in OM lipid composition and biophysical properties can impact the generation of membrane vesicles and membrane permeability is discussed. Finally, we explore whether and how MlaA might be a candidate for improving the activity of antibiotics and as a vaccine candidate.Efforts dedicated to understanding the relationship between the OM lipid composition and the mechanical strength of the bacterial envelope and, in turn, how such properties act against external stress, are needed for the design of new targets or drugs for Gram-negative infections.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Membrane Lipids; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Glycerophospholipids; Shigella flexneri
PubMed: 38802775
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03138-8 -
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Jul 2024Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP), as well as other anionic phospholipids, play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including ion channel regulation,... (Review)
Review
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP), as well as other anionic phospholipids, play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including ion channel regulation, receptor trafficking, and intracellular signaling pathways. The binding of volatile anesthetics and propofol to PIP leads to alterations in PIP-mediated signaling causing modulation of ion channels such as ɣ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors, voltage-gated calcium channels, and potassium channels through various mechanisms. Additionally, the interaction between anionic phospholipids and G protein-coupled receptors plays a critical role in various anesthetic pathways, with these anesthetic-induced changes impacting PIP levels which cause cascading effects on receptor trafficking, including GABA receptor internalization. This comprehensive review of various mechanisms of interaction provides insights into the intricate interplay between PIP signaling and anesthetic-induced changes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying anesthesia.
Topics: Propofol; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; Signal Transduction; Humans; Animals; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Receptors, GABA-A
PubMed: 38801966
DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110045 -
PeerJ 2024As the inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with disorders of...
As the inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with disorders of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Scoparone is the major bioactive component in which has been widely used to treat NASH in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms of scoparone against NASH are not yet fully understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic agents for NASH. Given the crucial role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in NASH progression, this study aimed to characterize the differential expression of glycerophospholipids that is responsible for scoparone's pharmacological effects and assess its efficacy against NASH. Liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) was performed to get the concentrations of glycerophospholipids, clarify mechanisms of disease, and highlight insights into drug discovery. Additionally, pathologic findings also presented consistent changes in high-fat diet-induced NASH model, and after scoparone treatment, both the levels of glycerophospholipids and histopathology were similar to normal levels, indicating a beneficial effect during the observation time. Altogether, these results refined the insights on the mechanisms of scoparone against NASH and suggested a route to relieve NASH with glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, the current work demonstrated that a pseudotargeted lipidomic platform provided a novel insight into the potential mechanism of scoparone action.
Topics: Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Glycerophospholipids; Coumarins; Lipidomics; Mice; Chromatography, Liquid; Male; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Diet, High-Fat; Mass Spectrometry; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 38799063
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17380 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jun 2024Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease characterized by progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta. Previous studies have suggested that dietary...
Similar Distribution between EPA-containing Phosphatidylcholine and Mesenchymal Stem Marker Positive Cells in the Aortic Wall of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model Rat Fed a Low-EPA Content Diet.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease characterized by progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta. Previous studies have suggested that dietary components are closely associated with AAA. Among those dietary components, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is considered to have suppressive effects on AAA. In the AAA wall of AAA model animals bred under EPA-rich condition, the distribution of EPA-containing phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) has been reported to be similar to that of the markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and M2 macrophages. These data suggest that the suppressive effects of EPA on AAA are related to preferential distribution of specific cells in the aortic wall. However, the distribution of EPA-PC in the AAA wall of AAA model animals fed a diet containing small amounts of EPA, which has not been reported to inhibit AAA, has not yet been explored. In the present study, we visualized the distribution of EPA-PCs in the AAA wall of AAA model animals fed a diet containing small amounts of EPA (1.5% EPA in the fatty acid composition) to elucidate the vasoprotective effects of EPA. Positive areas for markers of MSCs were significantly higher in the region where EPA-PC was abundant compared to the regions where EPA-PC was weakly detected, but not for markers of M2 macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. The distribution of MSC markers was similar to that of EPA-PC but not that of M2 macrophages and MMPs. These data suggest preferential incorporation of EPA into MSCs under the conditions used in this study. The incorporation of EPA into certain cells may differ according to dietary conditions, which affect the development of AAA.
Topics: Animals; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Phosphatidylcholines; Aorta, Abdominal; Male; Diet; Rats; Macrophages; Biomarkers; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
PubMed: 38797690
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23269 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Jun 2024Phosphoinositides broadly impact membrane dynamics, signal transduction and cellular physiology. The orchestration of signaling complexity by this seemingly simple... (Review)
Review
Phosphoinositides broadly impact membrane dynamics, signal transduction and cellular physiology. The orchestration of signaling complexity by this seemingly simple metabolic pathway remains an open question. It is increasingly evident that comprehending the complexity of the phosphoinositides metabolic network requires a systems view based on nonlinear dynamics, where the products of metabolism can either positively or negatively modulate enzymatic function. These feedback and feedforward loops may be paradoxical, leading to counterintuitive effects. In this review, we introduce the framework of nonlinear dynamics, emphasizing distinct dynamical regimes such as the excitable state, oscillations, and mixed-mode oscillations-all of which have been experimentally observed in phosphoinositide metabolisms. We delve into how these dynamical behaviors arise from one or multiple network motifs, including positive and negative feedback loops, coherent and incoherent feedforward loops. We explore the current understanding of the molecular circuits responsible for these behaviors. While mapping these circuits presents both conceptual and experimental challenges, redefining cellular behavior based on dynamical state, lipid fluxes, time delay, and network topology is likely essential for a comprehensive understanding of this fundamental metabolic network.
Topics: Phosphatidylinositols; Humans; Animals; Nonlinear Dynamics; Signal Transduction; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Models, Biological
PubMed: 38797149
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102373 -
Lipids in Health and Disease May 2024Cancer prognosis remains a critical clinical challenge. Lipidomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS) offers the potential for objective prognostic prediction,... (Review)
Review
Cancer prognosis remains a critical clinical challenge. Lipidomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS) offers the potential for objective prognostic prediction, leveraging the distinct lipid profiles of cancer patient-derived specimens. This review aims to systematically summarize the application of MS-based lipidomic analysis in prognostic prediction for cancer patients. Our systematic review summarized 38 studies from the past decade that attempted prognostic prediction of cancer patients through lipidomics. Commonly analyzed cancers included colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers. Liquid (serum and urine) and tissue samples were equally used, with liquid chromatography-tandem MS being the most common analytical platform. The most frequently evaluated prognostic outcomes were overall survival, stage, and recurrence. Thirty-eight lipid markers (including phosphatidylcholine, ceramide, triglyceride, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidic acid, dihydroceramide, prostaglandin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, phosphatidylinosito, fatty acid, glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide) were identified as prognostic factors, demonstrating potential for clinical application. In conclusion, the potential for developing lipidomics in cancer prognostic prediction was demonstrated. However, the field is still nascent, necessitating future studies for validating and establishing lipid markers as reliable prognostic tools in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Neoplasms; Lipidomics; Biomarkers, Tumor; Mass Spectrometry; Female; Lipids; Male; Breast Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Lysophospholipids; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38796445
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02121-0