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Journal of Experimental Botany Sep 2023This article comments on: Pang L, Kobayashi A, Atsumi Y, Miyazawa Y, Fujii N, Dietrich D, Bennett MJ, Takahashi H. 2023. MIZU-KUSSEI1 (MIZ1) and GNOM/MIZ2 control not...
This article comments on: Pang L, Kobayashi A, Atsumi Y, Miyazawa Y, Fujii N, Dietrich D, Bennett MJ, Takahashi H. 2023. MIZU-KUSSEI1 (MIZ1) and GNOM/MIZ2 control not only positive hydrotropism but also phototropism in Arabidopsis roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5026–5038.
Topics: Phototropism; Arabidopsis; Tropism
PubMed: 37702013
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad293 -
Stress Biology Dec 2022To cope with fluctuating light conditions, terrestrial plants have evolved precise regulation mechanisms to help optimize light capture and increase photosynthetic... (Review)
Review
To cope with fluctuating light conditions, terrestrial plants have evolved precise regulation mechanisms to help optimize light capture and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Upon blue light-triggered autophosphorylation, activated phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2) photoreceptors function solely or redundantly to regulate diverse responses, including phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf positioning and flattening in plants. These responses enhance light capture under low-light conditions and avoid photodamage under high-light conditions. NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) and ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) are signal transducers that function in the PHOT1- and PHOT2-mediated response. NPH3 is required for phototropism, leaf expansion and positioning. RPT2 regulates chloroplast accumulation as well as NPH3-mediated responses. NRL PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (NCH1) was recently identified as a PHOT1-interacting protein that functions redundantly with RPT2 to mediate chloroplast accumulation. The PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) proteins (PKS1, PKS2, and PKS4) interact with PHOT1 and NPH3 and mediate hypocotyl phototropic bending. This review summarizes advances in phototropic growth and chloroplast movement induced by light. We also focus on how crosstalk in signaling between phototropism and chloroplast movement enhances weak light capture, providing a basis for future studies aiming to delineate the mechanism of light-trapping plants to improve light-use efficiency.
PubMed: 37676522
DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x -
Stress Biology Jul 2023Phototropism is a classic adaptive growth response that helps plants to enhance light capture for photosynthesis. It was shown that hydrogen peroxide (HO) participates...
Phototropism is a classic adaptive growth response that helps plants to enhance light capture for photosynthesis. It was shown that hydrogen peroxide (HO) participates in the regulation of blue light-induced hypocotyl phototropism; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the unilateral high-intensity blue light (HBL) could induce asymmetric distribution of HO in cotton hypocotyls. Disruption of the HBL-induced asymmetric distribution of HO by applying either HO itself evenly on the hypocotyls or HO scavengers on the lit side of hypocotyls could efficiently inhibit hypocotyl phototropic growth. Consistently, application of HO on the shaded and lit sides of the hypocotyls led to reduced and enhanced hypocotyl phototropism, respectively. Further, we show that HO inhibits hypocotyl elongation of cotton seedlings, thus supporting the repressive role of HO in HBL-induced hypocotyl phototropism. Moreover, our results show that HO interferes with HBL-induced asymmetric distribution of auxin in the cotton hypocotyls. Taken together, our study uncovers that HO changes the asymmetric accumulation of auxin and inhibits hypocotyl cell elongation, thus mediating HBL-induced hypocotyl phototropism.
PubMed: 37676397
DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00111-3 -
Quantitative Plant Biology 2023An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of...
An increasing number of collaborative projects between artists and scientists raises the question regarding their value, particularly when considering the redirection of resources. Here we provide a personal account of our collaborative efforts, as an artist and a scientist. We propose that one of the most significant outcomes is something that cannot be planned for in advance: serendipitous events. Such events lead to fresh perspectives and imaginative ideas, the fairy dust underlying many great works of art and science. The unexpected nature of these desired outcomes requires from us a leap of faith on the one hand, and a deep trust in our 'partner in crime' on the other.
PubMed: 37587987
DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.7 -
Inclination of polarized illumination increases symmetry of structures grown inorganic phototropism.Materials Horizons Oct 2023Inclination of unpatterned, linearly polarized illumination in the plane of the electric field oscillation effected increased directional feature alignment and decreased...
Inclination of unpatterned, linearly polarized illumination in the plane of the electric field oscillation effected increased directional feature alignment and decreased off-axis order in Se-Te deposits generated by inorganic phototropic growth relative to that produced using normal incidence. Optically based growth simulations reproduced the experimental results indicating a photonic basis for the morphology change. Modeling of the light scattering at the growth interface revealed that illumination inclination enhances scattering that localizes the optical field along the polarization plane and suppresses cooperativity in defect-driven scattering. Thus, the symmetry of the deposited structures increased as the asymmetry of the illumination increased, as measured by the inclination of the illumination incidence away from the surface normal.
PubMed: 37581003
DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00839h -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Nowadays, not only the roots, but also leaves and flowers of ginseng are increasingly popular ingredients in supplements for healthcare products and traditional...
Nowadays, not only the roots, but also leaves and flowers of ginseng are increasingly popular ingredients in supplements for healthcare products and traditional medicine. The cultivation of the shade-loving crop, ginseng, is very demanding in terms of the light environment. Along with the intensity and duration, light direction is another important factor in regulating plant morphophysiology. In the current study, three lighting directions-top (T), side (S), or top + side (TS)-with an intensity of 30 ± 5 μmol·m·s photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were employed. Generally, compared with the single T lighting, the composite lighting direction, TS, was more effective in shaping the ginseng with improved characteristics, including shortened, thick shoots; enlarged, thick leaves; more leaf trichomes; earlier flower bud formation; and enhanced photosynthesis. The single S light resulted in the worst growth parameters and strongly inhibited the flower bud formation, leading to the latest flower bud observation. Additionally, the S lighting acted as a positive factor in increasing the leaf thickness and number of trichomes on the leaf adaxial surface. However, the participation of the T lighting weakened these traits. Overall, the TS lighting was the optimal direction for improving the growth and development traits in ginseng. This preliminary research may provide new ideas and orientations in ginseng cultivation lodging resistance and improving the supply of ginseng roots, leaves, and flowers to the market.
PubMed: 37571002
DOI: 10.3390/plants12152849 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Nov 2023Plants are constantly exposed to a multitude of external signals, including light. The information contained within the full spectrum of light is perceived by a battery... (Review)
Review
Plants are constantly exposed to a multitude of external signals, including light. The information contained within the full spectrum of light is perceived by a battery of photoreceptors, each with specific and shared signalling outputs. Recently, it has become clear that UV-B radiation is a vital component of the electromagnetic spectrum, guiding growth and being crucial for plant fitness. However, given the large overlap between UV-B specific signalling pathways and other photoreceptors, understanding how plants can distinguish UV-B specific signals from other light components deserves more scrutiny. With recent evidence, we propose that UV-B signalling and other light signalling pathways occur within distinct tissues and cell-types and that the contribution of each pathway depends on the type of response and the developmental stage of the plant. Elucidating the precise site(s) of action of each molecular player within these signalling pathways is key to fully understand how plants are able to orchestrate coordinated responses to light within the whole plant body. Focusing our efforts on the molecular study of light signal interactions to understand plant growth in natural environments in a cell-type specific manner will be a next step in the field of photobiology.
Topics: Signal Transduction; Plants; Light Signal Transduction; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 37554043
DOI: 10.1111/pce.14680 -
Physiology and Molecular Biology of... Jun 2023Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The gene mediates gravity...
UNLABELLED
Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The gene mediates gravity signal transduction and participates in root and shoot development and auxin flow in many plants. In this study, a regulator, LsLAZY1, was identified from based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domain and evolutionary relationship were further analyzed comprehensively. The role of in root development was investigated by genetic transformation and associated gravity response and phototropism assay. Subcellular localization showed that LsLAZY1 was localized in the nucleus. overexpression in () increased the length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) compared to . Furthermore, : transgenic seedlings affected auxin transport and showed a stronger gravitational and phototropic responses. It also promoted auxin accumulation at the root tips. These results indicated that affects root development and auxin transport.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4.
PubMed: 37520815
DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4 -
Cells May 2023Vegetative to reproductive phase transition in phototropic plants is an important developmental process and is sequentially mediated by the expression of micro-RNA . To...
Vegetative to reproductive phase transition in phototropic plants is an important developmental process and is sequentially mediated by the expression of micro-RNA . To obtain insight into the evolution, adaptation, and function of in photophilic rice and its wild relatives, we analyzed the genescape of a 100 kb segment harboring homologs from 11 genomes. The expression analysis of revealed its incremental accumulation from the 2-leaf to 10-leaf stage, with maximum expression coinciding with the flag-leaf stage in rice. Nonetheless, the microsynteny analysis of s revealed collinearity within the genus but a loss of synteny was observed in (i) A in (AA) and (AA); (ii) B in (FF); and (iii) C in O. (BB). Phylogenetic analysis of precursor sequences/region of revealed a distinct tri-modal clade of evolution. The genomic information generated in this investigation through comparative analysis of suggests mature s to have evolved in a disruptive and conservative mode amongst all species with a common origin of descent. Further, the phylogenomic delineation provided an insight into the adaptation and molecular evolution of to changing environmental conditions (biotic and abiotic) of phototropic rice through natural selection and the opportunity to harness untapped genomic regions from rice wild relatives (RWR).
Topics: Oryza; Phylogeny; MicroRNAs; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37408207
DOI: 10.3390/cells12101370 -
Tree Physiology Nov 2023Lianas employ a variety of searching mechanisms to find support; however, it is not clear to what extent environmental signals are used to help direct the search....
Lianas employ a variety of searching mechanisms to find support; however, it is not clear to what extent environmental signals are used to help direct the search. Several adventitious root climbers have been shown to bend away from light and grow toward darker areas or objects, in one case including actual tree trunks. In the literature, this negative phototropism (NP) has also been informally and inconsistently reported from a temperate root climber Hedera helix L. (common ivy). In this study, rigorous laboratory tests have confirmed the occurrence of NP in both seedlings and prostrate shoots of H. helix. Furthermore, a field experiment with potted ivy seedlings placed around tree trunks demonstrated their ability to remotely locate trees. This finding was corroborated by a survey of growth directions in wild-growing prostrate ivy shoots in two woodland habitats. An additional outdoor experiment showed that the ability to locate support is expressed in shade but supressed by full sun conditions. These results show that H. helix uses NP to locate support and indicate that this ability is a component of the species' shade escape strategy.
Topics: Trees; Phototropism; Hedera; Ecosystem; Forests; Seedlings
PubMed: 37334935
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad077