-
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jun 2024The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, being triggered by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming sector. We evaluated...
The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, being triggered by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming sector. We evaluated Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 strain, and characterized its probiotic potential to endure hostile gastrointestinal conditions. Genome sequencing analysis revealed probiotics traits, and gene clusters involved in bacteriocins, lactococcin A, and sactipeptides production. The absence of genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and biogenic amine production indicates the potential of probiotic strain. The BIONCL17752 strain was explored for antibiotic-free feed supplement for growth promotor in broiler chicken. The feed supplemented with 4 × 10 CFU/kg of probiotic strain, in combination with various concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 kg/tonne in starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. A significant improvement of body weight 152 to 171 g/bird (p < 0.05), and a low feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.62, was achieved without using synthetic antibiotics for growth promotion. The results of biochemical, hematological, and histological examinations showed normal features, indicating that the treatment had no harmful effects on the bird's health. Reduced levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum are an indication of the health benefits for the treated birds. Microbial community analysis of fecal samples of poultry birds exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Probiotic treatment resulted in reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in the broiler's gut which highlights the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements. Importantly, the probiotic-fed group exhibited a high abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) such as glycoside hydrolases (GH), glycoside transferases (GT), and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) hydrolases which are essential for the degradation of complex sugar molecules. The probiotic potential of the BIONCL17752 strain contributes to broilers' health by positively affecting intestinal microbiota, achieving optimal growth, and lowering mortality, demonstrating the economic benefits of probiotic treatment in organic poultry farming.
PubMed: 38904895
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10313-4 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
OBJECTIVES
The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with primary oral cavity cancer who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Matching healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, self-reported periodontal measures and habits, and current dental status were collected using a structured questionnaire and periodontal chartings. In addition to self-reported oral health measures, each participant received a standard and detailed clinical examination. DNA was extracted from saliva samples from patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing was performed by targeting V3-V4 gene regions of the 16 S rRNA with subsequent bioinformatic analyses.
RESULTS
Patients with oral cavity cancers had a lower quality of oral health than healthy controls. Proteobacteria, Aggregatibacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria decreased, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Gemella, and Fusobacteria increased in oral cancer patients. At the species level, C. durum, L. umeaens, N. subflava, A. massiliensis, and V. dispar were significantly lower, while G. haemolysans was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Major periodontopathogens associated with periodontal disease (P. gingivalis and F.nucleatum) increased 6.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These data suggested that patients with oral cancer had worse oral health conditions and a distinct oral microbiome composition that is affected by personal daily habits and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the disease and interspecies interactions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This paper demonstrates the link between oral bacteria and oral cancers, identifying mechanistic interactions between species of oral microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Dysbiosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Saliva; Case-Control Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged; Microbiota; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Oral Health
PubMed: 38884817
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05770-8 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The study aimed to develop a quantitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique using the phenol red indicator (QLAMP-PhR) for detecting...
The study aimed to develop a quantitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique using the phenol red indicator (QLAMP-PhR) for detecting Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and healthy individuals. QLAMP-PhR assays were conducted on 251 stool samples specific for the Fn FadA gene. Six primers were synthesized and utilized with master mix reagents, and a phenol red indicator was employed to enhance the QLAMP-PhR technique. A standard quantitative analysis curve was generated using a logarithmic function (absorbance vs. concentration) by serially diluting the copy number of genomic DNA templates (Fn ATCC25586). The CRC group exhibited a significantly higher abundance of Fn compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the QLAMP-PhR technique effectively identifies Fn specifically by its gene for the key virulence factor FadA. Additionally, ideas for developing a real-time QLAMP-PhR test were presented. Compared to the traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, QLAMP-PhR offers several advantages including rapidity, simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness method that can quantitatively screen for Fn presence in normal populations. The QLAMP-PhR method represents a sensitive and specific amplification assay for the rapid detection of the Fn pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the application of QLAMP-PhR for detecting FadA in Fn.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Feces; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Colorimetry; Male; Female; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Middle Aged; Aged; Fusobacterium Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Adult
PubMed: 38877111
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62846-x -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Jun 2024Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is...
BACKGROUND
Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is challenging due to difficulties in culturing the bacteria and limitations in immunoassay sensitivity and specificity.
CASE PRESENTATION
This paper reports a rare case of sepsis caused by combined infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum, leading to respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, myocardial damage, and electrolyte disorders. In addition, we systematically reviewed literature on patients with combined Legionella infections, analyzing their clinical features, laboratory results and diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
For pathogens that require prolonged incubation periods and are less sensitive to conventional culturing methods, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be a powerful supplement to pathogen screening and plays a significant role in the auxiliary diagnosis of complex infectious diseases.
Topics: Humans; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Legionella pneumophila; Legionnaires' Disease; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Coinfection; Metagenomics; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 38867173
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03097-4 -
Journal of Animal Science Jun 2024Mastitis is an important disease with economic and welfare implications in both clinical and subclinical states. The aim of this research was to sequence the...
Mastitis is an important disease with economic and welfare implications in both clinical and subclinical states. The aim of this research was to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to describe the microbial diversity and taxonomy of milk from clinically healthy ewes (Rambouillet, WF = 9; Hampshire, BF = 5). Experimental ewes represented a subset of a larger study assessing the impacts of divergent dietary zinc (Zn) concentrations [1× National Academics of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) recommendations = CON or 3× NASEM recommendations = ZnTRT] throughout late gestation and lactation. Milk was collected at four periods during early lactation (18 - 24 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d postpartum) and at weaning (84 ± 14 d postpartum). Somatic cell counts (SCC) were quantified, averaged, and classed (low: < 500 × 103; medium: 500 × 103 - 100 × 104; high: > 100 × 104 cells/mL). Milk samples (n = 67) were sequenced to identify bacteria and archaea; the most abundant phyla were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Saccharibacteria TM7, and Verrucomicrobia. Mastitis pathogens were among the most relatively abundant genera, including Staphylococcus, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Effects of breed, dietary Zn concentration, SCC class, and their two-way interactions on milk microbiome diversity and taxonomy were assessed within early lactation (using a repeated measures model) and weaning samples. Alpha-diversity metrics included Pielou's evenness, Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon's entropy indices. Main and interactive effects between Zn treatment, breed, SCC class, and period were variable in early lactation and not evident in weaning samples. Milk from BF ewes had increased Faith's phylogenetic diversity and Shannon's entropy, and differed in unweighted UniFrac composition (P ≤ 0.10). Milk from CON ewes had a reduced rate of composition change through early lactation (P = 0.02) indicating greater microbiome stability than ZnTRT ewe milk. These results support that milk is not sterile, and breed, dietary Zn concentration, and SCC class variably affect the milk microbiome. Findings from the current study provide important foundational insights into the effects of increased dietary Zn supplementation on longitudinal changes in the milk microbiome and associations with mammary gland health and mastitis.
PubMed: 38864526
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae163 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in...
INTRODUCTION
Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in various health contexts.
METHODS
In this study, we utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to conduct species-level identification of the microorganisms in the oral cavity of a giant panda () with oral malignant fibroma.
RESULTS
We observed a significant difference between the microbial community of the tumor side and non-tumor side of the oral cavity of the giant panda, with the latter exhibiting higher microbial diversity. The tumor side was dominated by specific microorganisms, such as , sp. feline oral taxon 110, sp. feline oral taxon 100, and sp. feline oral taxon 078, that have been reported to be associated with tumorigenic processes and periodontal diseases in other organisms. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, more than 9 distinct biomarkers were obtained between the tumor side and non-tumor side samples. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the oral microbiota of the giant panda was significantly associated with genetic information processing and metabolism, particularly cofactor and vitamin, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, a significant bacterial invasion of epithelial cells was predicted in the tumor side.
DISCUSSION
This study provides crucial insights into the association between oral microbiota and oral tumors in giant pandas and offers potential biomarkers that may guide future health assessments and preventive strategies for captive and aging giant pandas.
Topics: Ursidae; Animals; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Porphyromonas; Campylobacter; Mouth; Fusobacterium; Fibroma; Neisseria; Mouth Neoplasms; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 38863832
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356907 -
Organic Letters Jun 2024Bacterial nonulosonic acids (NulOs), which feature a nine-carbon backbone, are associated with the biological functions of bacterial glycans. Here, an orthogonally...
Bacterial nonulosonic acids (NulOs), which feature a nine-carbon backbone, are associated with the biological functions of bacterial glycans. Here, an orthogonally protected 5-amino-7-azido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-2-nonulosonic acid related to ATCC 23726 NulO was synthesized from -acetylneuraminic acid with sequential performance of C5,7 azidation, C9 deoxygenation, C4 epimerization, and N5,7 differentiation. The C5 azido group in the obtained 5,7-diazido-NulO can be regioselectively reduced to differentiate the two amino groups.
Topics: N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Molecular Structure; Sugar Acids; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Azides
PubMed: 38861677
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01861 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024Qifu Yin (QFY) originates from "Jingyue Quanshu · Volume 51 · New Fang Bazhen · Buzhen" a work by Zhang Jingyue, a distinguished Chinese medical practitioner from the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Qifu Yin (QFY) originates from "Jingyue Quanshu · Volume 51 · New Fang Bazhen · Buzhen" a work by Zhang Jingyue, a distinguished Chinese medical practitioner from the Ming Dynasty. QFY is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and Polygalae Radix. QFY is frequently employed to address memory loss and cognitive impairment stemming from vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and related conditions. Our findings indicate that QFY can mitigate nerve cell damage. Moreover, the study explores the impact of QFY on the calcium ion pathway and sphingolipid metabolism in mice with myocardial infarction, presenting a novel perspective on QFY's mechanism in ameliorating myocardial infarction through lipidomics. While this research provides an experimental foundation for the clinical application of QFY, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of its improvement mechanism remains imperative.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To clarify the regulatory mechanism of QFY on intestinal microecology in mice with memory impairment (MI).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The memory impairment mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine hydrobromide. Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into blank group, Ginkgo tablet group (0.276 g/kg), QFY high, medium and low dose groups (17.2 g/kg, 8.6 g/kg, 4.3 g/kg). The effect on memory ability was evaluated by open field and step-down behavioral experiments. The morphological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampus of mice were observed by pathological method. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissue of mice were detected. The expression levels of CREB, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Recombinant Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in the hippocampus of mice were determined using immunohistochemistry. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) related factors in the serum of mice was analyzed by ELISA. The levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The intestinal feces of mice were collected, and the 16S rDNA technology was used to detect the changes in intestinal microbiota microecological structure of feces in each group.
RESULTS
Behavioral experiments showed that the high-dose QFY group exhibited a significant increase in exercise time (P<0.05) and a decrease in diagonal time (P<0.05) compared to the model group. The medium-dose group of QFY showed a reduction in diagonal time (P<0.05). Additionally, the latency time significantly increased in the medium and high-dose groups of QFY (P<0.01). The number of errors in the low, medium and high dose groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). The nerve cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions of QFY-treated mice demonstrated close arrangement and clear structure. Furthermore, the content of SOD significantly increased (P<0.01) and the content of MDA significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the low and high-dose QFY groups. The content of CAT in the medium-dose group significantly increased (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of APP expression particles in the CA1 and CA3 regions of all QFY groups. Moreover, BDNF expression significantly increased in the medium and high-dose groups, while CREB expression significantly increased in the low and medium-dose groups of QFY within the CA1 and CA3 regions. Serum analysis revealed significant increases in CREB content in the low, medium, and high dose groups of QFY (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05), and decreases in NMDAR content across all QFY dose groups (P<0.01). PCR analysis showed a significant decrease in the contents of ASK1 and JNK in the medium-dose group (P<0.01). Microecological analysis of intestinal microbiota demonstrated a significant restoration trend in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia (P<0.01 or P<0.05) at the phylum level in the QFY groups. At the genus level, Akkermansia, Paramuribaculum, Herminiimonas, Erysipelatoclostridium and other genera in the QFY groups showed a significant trend of relative abundance restoration (P<0.01 or P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
QFY can improve the memory of MI animals induced by scopolamine hydrobromide by restoring the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and regulating related indexes in serum and brain tissue.
PubMed: 38851472
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118445 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Crohn's disease (CD)-associated periodontitis is common. However, the role of periodontal pathogens in the Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD)-associated periodontitis is common. However, the role of periodontal pathogens in the Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease remains unclear.
METHODS
To investigate the potential relationship mediated by periodontal pathogens between periodontitis and CD, we collected salivary samples from healthy participants (H group, n = 12), patients with CD (Ch group, n = 10), patients with periodontitis (Ps group, n = 12), and patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease (Cp group, n = 12) and analyzed them by 16 S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease had increased levels of Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, and Prevotella, which correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Conversely, the levels of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Gemella, which decreased in Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease, were negatively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. To further investigate the role of periodontal pathogens in CD development, representative periodontal pathogens causing periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were administered to mice. These pathogens migrate to, and colonize, the gut, accelerating CD progression and aggravating colitis, and even systemic inflammation. In vitro experiments using a Caco-2/periodontal pathogen coculture revealed that P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum increased intestinal permeability by directly disrupting the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.
CONCLUSION
Our findings strongly suggest that periodontal pathogens play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and CD. These results provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Periodontitis; Animals; Mice; Male; Female; Adult; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Caco-2 Cells; Saliva; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38849764
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04425-0 -
Brain and Behavior Jun 2024Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in...
BACKGROUND
Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in young adults have been poorly elucidated.
METHODS
Stool samples were obtained from 30 young adults with SCH-N, 32 SCH patients with prominent positive symptoms (SCH-P) along with 36 healthy controls (HCs). Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meanwhile, psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).
RESULTS
There is a significant difference in β-diversity but not α-diversity indexes among the three groups. Moreover, we found a higher abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla and a lower abundance of Firmicutes phyla in SCH-N when compared with HC. Besides, we identified a diagnostic potential panel comprising six genera (Coprococcus, Monoglobus, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea, and Butyricicoccus) that can distinguish SCH-N from HC (area under the curve = 0.939). However, the difference in microbial composition between the SCH-N and SCH-P is much less than that between SCH-N and the HC, and SCH-N and SCH-P cannot be effectively distinguished by gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
The composition of gut microbiota was changed in the patients with SCH-N, which may help in further understanding of pathogenesis in young adults with SCH-N.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Male; Young Adult; Female; Adult; Feces; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38841824
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3579