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Microbial Genomics Mar 2024is an anaerobic commensal of the oral cavity associated with periodontitis and extra-oral diseases, including colorectal cancer. Previous studies have shown an...
subsp. recovered from malignant and potentially malignant oral disease exhibit heterogeneity in adhesion phenotypes and adhesin gene copy number, shaped by inter-subspecies horizontal gene transfer and recombination-derived mosaicism.
is an anaerobic commensal of the oral cavity associated with periodontitis and extra-oral diseases, including colorectal cancer. Previous studies have shown an increased relative abundance of this bacterium associated with oral dysplasia or within oral tumours. Using direct culture, we found that 75 % of species isolated from malignant or potentially malignant oral mucosa were subsp. . Whole genome sequencing and pangenome analysis with Panaroo was carried out on 76 . subsp. genomes. subsp. was shown to possesses a relatively small core genome of 1604 genes in a pangenome of 7363 genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the core genome shows the isolates can be separated into three main clades with no obvious genotypic associations with disease. Isolates recovered from healthy and diseased sites in the same patient are generally highly related. A large repertoire of adhesins belonging to the type V secretion system (TVSS) could be identified with major variation in repertoire and copy number between strains. Analysis of intergenic recombination using fastGEAR showed that adhesin complement is shaped by horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Recombination events at TVSS adhesin genes were not only common between lineages of subspecies but also between different subspecies of . Strains of subspecies with low copy numbers of TVSS adhesin encoding genes tended to have the weakest adhesion to oral keratinocytes. This study highlights the genetic heterogeneity of subsp. and provides a new framework for defining virulence in this organism.
Topics: Humans; Mosaicism; Phylogeny; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Fusobacterium; Phenotype; Gene Dosage
PubMed: 38529905
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001217 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the protease DE200 on the performance, egg quality, organ index, and cecum microflora of Hy-line W36...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the protease DE200 on the performance, egg quality, organ index, and cecum microflora of Hy-line W36 laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 180 laying hens aged 300 d were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 100, or 200 g/t DE200. The experimental period was 8 wk, including 2 wk of prefeeding and 6 wk of the formal experiment. Regular feeding was performed thrice a day and eggs were collected twice daily, and the feed intake and the egg quality were recorded. The results showed that in terms of production performance, dietary supplementation with different levels of DE200 significantly increased egg production (EP; P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; P < 0.05) without affecting egg weight (EW). In addition, the addition of DE200 significantly reduced the egg breakage rate (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the Haugh unit and decrease the water content of the yolk (P > 0.05). In the cecal microflora, the addition of DE200 increased the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level while reducing the proportion of Fusobacteria. Furthermore, at the genus level, the addition of DE200 increased the proportions of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and reduced the proportion of Megamonas. This study suggested that the protease DE200 can be used as a feed supplement to improve the production performance of laying hens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Cecum; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Peptide Hydrolases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Eggs; Random Allocation; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Ovum
PubMed: 38527414
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae086 -
Nature Apr 2024Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium present in the human oral cavity and rarely found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals, is enriched in...
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium present in the human oral cavity and rarely found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals, is enriched in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tumours. High intratumoural Fn loads are associated with recurrence, metastases and poorer patient prognosis. Here, to delineate Fn genetic factors facilitating tumour colonization, we generated closed genomes for 135 Fn strains; 80 oral strains from individuals without cancer and 55 unique cancer strains cultured from tumours from 51 patients with CRC. Pangenomic analyses identified 483 CRC-enriched genetic factors. Tumour-isolated strains predominantly belong to Fn subspecies animalis (Fna). However, genomic analyses reveal that Fna, considered a single subspecies, is instead composed of two distinct clades (Fna C1 and Fna C2). Of these, only Fna C2 dominates the CRC tumour niche. Inter-Fna analyses identified 195 Fna C2-associated genetic factors consistent with increased metabolic potential and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. In support of this, Fna C2-treated mice had an increased number of intestinal adenomas and altered metabolites. Microbiome analysis of human tumour tissue from 116 patients with CRC demonstrated Fna C2 enrichment. Comparison of 62 paired specimens showed that only Fna C2 is tumour enriched compared to normal adjacent tissue. This was further supported by metagenomic analysis of stool samples from 627 patients with CRC and 619 healthy individuals. Collectively, our results identify the Fna clade bifurcation, show that specifically Fna C2 drives the reported Fn enrichment in human CRC and reveal the genetic underpinnings of pathoadaptation of Fna C2 to the CRC niche.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Adenoma; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Mouth; Female
PubMed: 38509359
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07182-w -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024The oral and gastrointestinal mucosae represent the main targets of the toxic effect of chemo and/or radiotherapy administered during the conditioning regimen before...
The oral and gastrointestinal mucosae represent the main targets of the toxic effect of chemo and/or radiotherapy administered during the conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). These harmful consequences and the immunological complications that may occur after the transplant (such as Graft versus Host Disease, GvHD) are responsible for the clinical symptoms associated with mucositis during the aplasia phase, like pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These toxicities could play a critical role in the oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes during the post-transplant phase, and the degree of microbial dysbiosis and dysregulation among different bacterial species could also be crucial in intestinal mucosa homeostasis, altering the host's innate and adaptive immune responses and favoring abnormal immune responses responsible for the occurrence of GvHD. This prospective pediatric study aims to analyze longitudinally oral and gut microbiomes in 17 pediatric patients who received allogeneic HSCT for malignant and non-malignant diseases. The oral mucositis was mainly associated with an increased relative abundance of Fusobacteria, and Prevotella species, while Streptococcus descendants showed a negative correlation. The fecal microbiome of subjects affected by cutaneous acute GvHD (aGvHD) correlated with Proteobacteria. Oral mucosal microbiota undergoes changes after HSCT, Fusobacteria, and Prevotella represent bacterial species associated with mucositis and they could be the target for future therapeutic approaches, while fecal microbiome in patients with acute GvHD (aGvHD) revealed an increase of different class of Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria) and a negative correlation with the class of Gammaproteobacteria.
Topics: Humans; Child; Mucositis; Dysbiosis; Prospective Studies; Microbiota; Graft vs Host Disease; Bacteria; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 38509104
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55690-6 -
ACS Nano Mar 2024Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been approved for breast cancer (BC), but clinical response rates are limited. Recent studies have shown that commensal...
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been approved for breast cancer (BC), but clinical response rates are limited. Recent studies have shown that commensal microbes colonize a variety of tumors and are closely related to the host immune system response. Here, we demonstrated that (), which is prevalent in BC, creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) characterized by a high-influx of myeloid cells that hinders ICB therapy. Administering the antibiotic metronidazole in BC can deplete and remodel the ITME. To prevent an imbalance in the systemic microbiota caused by antibiotic administration, we designed a biomimetic nanovehicle for on-site antibiotic delivery inspired by homing to BC. Additionally, ferritin-nanocaged doxorubicin was coloaded into this nanovehicle, as immunogenic chemotherapy has shown potential for synergy with ICB. It has been demonstrated that this biomimetic nanovehicle can be precisely homed to BC and efficiently eliminate intratumoral without disrupting the diversity and abundance of systemic microbiota. This ultimately remodels the ITME, improving the therapeutic efficacy of the PD-L1 blocker with a tumor inhibition rate of over 90% and significantly extending the median survival of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Fusobacterium nucleatum; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomimetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38497600
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12687 -
Cureus Feb 2024Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material in dentistry, leveraging its exceptional properties. This study evaluates the physicochemical...
Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material in dentistry, leveraging its exceptional properties. This study evaluates the physicochemical attributes of GO and elucidates its derived biological properties. These encompass biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, as well as its influence on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between the physicochemical and biological aspects of GO provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various dental contexts. Materials and methods The study group (so; titanium discs surface coated with GO) and the control group (co; plain/uncoated machined titanium discs) were divided based on cell attachment and cell proliferation assays (n=60). These groups were further divided into subgroups (n=30) based on the tested time intervals, specifically 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The study and controlgroups were further subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) based on the microorganisms tested i.e and Results The results of this in vitro study suggest that GO-coated titanium dental implants have both increased osteogenic potential and antimicrobial efficacy. Graphene has good potential as a promising alternative to traditional surface treatments, and a graphene-coated implant can be used for enhanced osseointegration. Conclusion The osteogenic potential and the cell attachment were higher on titanium surfaces coated with GO nanoparticles when compared to plain titanium discs at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.
PubMed: 38496143
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54172 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2024Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease that is most often caused by We present a case caused by in a young, healthy man, complicated by multiple cavitary lung lesions,...
Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease that is most often caused by We present a case caused by in a young, healthy man, complicated by multiple cavitary lung lesions, loculated pleural effusions requiring chest tube placement and trapezius abscess. Our case highlights (a) as a rare cause of Lemierre syndrome and (b) clinical response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy may be protracted.
Topics: Male; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Prevotella intermedia; Empyema, Pleural; Abscess; Pleural Effusion; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Fusobacterium Infections
PubMed: 38490705
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258158 -
Environmental Research Jun 2024Vegetation restoration exerts transformative effects on nutrient cycling, microbial communities, and ecosystem functions. While extensive research has been conducted on...
Vegetation restoration exerts transformative effects on nutrient cycling, microbial communities, and ecosystem functions. While extensive research has been conducted on the significance of mangroves and their restoration efforts, the effectiveness of mangrove restoration in enhancing soil multifunctionality in degraded coastal wetlands remains unclear. Herein, we carried out a field experiment to explore the impacts of mangrove restoration and its chronosequence on soil microbial communities, keystone species, and soil multifunctionality, using unrestored aquaculture ponds as controls. The results revealed that mangrove restoration enhanced soil multifunctionality, with these positive effects progressively amplifying over the restoration chronosequence. Furthermore, mangrove restoration led to a substantial increase in microbial diversity and a reshaping of microbial community composition, increasing the relative abundance of dominant phyla such as Nitrospirae, Deferribacteres, and Fusobacteria. Soil multifunctionality exhibited positive correlations with microbial diversity, suggesting a link between variations in microbial diversity and soil multifunctionality. Metagenomic screening demonstrated that mangrove restoration resulted in a simultaneous increase in the abundance of nitrogen (N) related genes, such as N fixation (nirD/H/K), nitrification (pmoA-amoA/B/C), and denitrification (nirK, norB/C, narG/H, napA/B), as well as phosphorus (P)-related genes, including organic P mineralization (phnX/W, phoA/D/G, phnJ/N/P), inorganic P solubilization (gcd, ppx-gppA), and transporters (phnC/D/E, pstA/B/C/S)). The relationship between the abundance of keystone species (such as phnC/D/E) and restoration-induced changes in soil multifunctionality indicates that mangrove restoration enhances soil multifunctionality through an increase in the abundance of keystone species associated with N and P cycles. Additionally, it was observed that changes in microbial community and multifunctionality were largely associated with shifts in soil salinity. These findings demonstrate that mangrove restoration positively influences soil multifunctionality and shapes nutrient dynamics, microbial communities, and overall ecosystem resilience. As global efforts continue to focus on ecosystem restoration, understanding the complexity of mangrove-soil interactions is critical for effective nutrient management and mangrove conservation.
Topics: Wetlands; Soil Microbiology; Soil; Microbiota; Nitrogen Cycle; Phosphorus; Biodiversity; Nitrogen; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Bacteria
PubMed: 38490631
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118715 -
Cell Host & Microbe Apr 2024The ubiquitous inflammophilic oral pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is widely recognized for its strong association with inflammatory dysbiotic diseases and...
The ubiquitous inflammophilic oral pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is widely recognized for its strong association with inflammatory dysbiotic diseases and cancer. Fn is subdivided into four subspecies, which are historically considered functionally interchangeable in the oral cavity. To test this assumption, we analyzed patient-matched dental plaque and odontogenic abscess clinical specimens and examined whether an inflammatory environment selects for/against particular Fn subspecies. Dental plaque harbored a greater diversity of fusobacteria, with Fn. polymorphum dominating, whereas odontogenic abscesses were exceptionally biased for the largely uncharacterized organism Fn. animalis. Comparative genomic analyses revealed significant genotypic distinctions among Fn subspecies that correlate with their preferred ecological niches and support a taxonomic reassignment of each as a distinct Fusobacterium species. Despite originating as a low-abundance organism in dental plaque, Fn. animalis typically outcompetes other oral fusobacteria within the inflammatory abscess environment, which may explain its prevalence in other oral and extraoral diseases.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Abscess; Dental Plaque; Mouth; Fusobacterium
PubMed: 38479393
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.010 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models....
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models. Titanium disks were produced and characterized according to their surface topography: machined (Ti-M), microtopography (Ti-Micro), and nanotopography (Ti-Nano). For the in vivo study, 18 subjects wore oral acrylic splints containing 2 disks from each group for 24 h (n = 36). After this period, the disks were removed from the splints and evaluated by microbial culture method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qPCR for quantification of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as total bacteria. For the in vitro study, adhesion tests were performed with the species S. oralis and A. naeslundii for 24 h. Data were compared by ANOVA, with Tukey's post-test. Regarding the in vivo study, both the total aerobic and total anaerobic bacteria counts were similar among groups (p > 0.05). In qPCR, there was no difference among groups of bacteria adhered to the disks (p > 0.05), except for A. naeslundii, which was found in lower proportions in the Ti-Nano group (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the groups had a similar bacterial distribution, with a predominance of cocci and few bacilli. In the in vitro study, there was no difference in the adhesion profile for S. oralis and A. naeslundii after 24 h of biofilm formation (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that micro- and nanotopography do not affect bacterial adhesion, considering an initial period of biofilm formation.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Adhesion; Titanium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Research Design
PubMed: 38477807
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0021