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Food Chemistry Aug 2024This study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) (0.3-0.7 kV/cm) and/or germination (0-72 h, 20 °C) on faba beans prior to flour- and...
Low-intensity pulsed electric field processing prior to germination improves in vitro digestibility of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flour and its derived products: A case study on legume-enriched wheat bread.
This study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) (0.3-0.7 kV/cm) and/or germination (0-72 h, 20 °C) on faba beans prior to flour- and breadmaking. PEF (0.5 and 0.7 kV/cm) had no significant effect on the germination performance of faba bean but had a positive effect on in vitro starch and protein hydrolysis of PEF-treated beans germinated for 72 h. The incorporation of flour from soaked, germinated, PEF-treated, and PEF-treated+germinated faba beans into wheat bread, at 30% mass level, improved the nutritional composition (total starch and protein contents) and protein digestibility but it reduced the specific volume and increased the density, brownness, and hardness of the bread. This finding shows for the first time that PEF-treatment (<0.7 kV/cm) of faba beans followed by germination (72 h) improved in vitro starch and protein hydrolysis of its flour and the protein digestibility at gastric phase of its enriched wheat bread.
Topics: Vicia faba; Germination; Flour; Bread; Triticum; Digestion; Food Handling; Seeds; Starch; Electricity; Plant Proteins; Hydrolysis
PubMed: 38615637
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139321 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024As compounds of natural origin enter human body, it is necessary to investigate their possible interactions with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in general,...
As compounds of natural origin enter human body, it is necessary to investigate their possible interactions with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in general, namely with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) is mainly present in plants but is also an endogenous compound present in mammalian cells and tissues. It has been shown to exhibit protective effect in many pathological conditions. For this paper, its interaction with CYPs was studied using human liver microsomes, primary human hepatocytes, the HepG2 cell line, and molecular docking. Docking experiments and absorption spectra demonstrated the weak ability of IP6 to interact in the heme active site of CYP1A. Molecular docking suggested that IP6 preferentially binds to the protein surface, whereas binding to the active site of CYP1A2 was found to be less probable. Subsequently, we investigated the ability of IP6 to modulate the metabolism of xenobiotics for both the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of CYP1A enzymes. Our findings revealed that IP6 can slightly modulate the mRNA levels and enzyme activity of CYP1A. However, thanks to the relatively weak interactions of IP6 with CYPs, the chances of the mechanisms of clinically important drug-drug interactions involving IP6 are low.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phytic Acid; Molecular Docking Simulation; Xenobiotics; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; RNA, Messenger; Mammals
PubMed: 38612422
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073610 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Apr 2024Recently, conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for smart, wearable devices. However, limited mechanical properties and low sensitivity greatly...
Recently, conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for smart, wearable devices. However, limited mechanical properties and low sensitivity greatly restrict their lifespan. Based on the design of biomimetic-layered structure, the conductive hydrogels with nacre-mimetic structure were prepared by using layered acrylic bentonite (AABT) and phytic acid (PA) as multifunctional "brick" and "mortar" units. Among them, the unique rigid cyclic multihydroxyl structure of the "organic mortar" PA preserves both ultrastretchability (4050.02%) and high stress (563.20 kPa) of the hydrogel, which far exceeds most of the reported articles. Because of the synergistic effect of AABT and PA, the hydrogel exhibits an excellent adhesive strength (87.74 kPa). The role of AABT in the adhesive properties of hydrogels is proposed for the first time, and a general strategy for improving the adhesive properties of hydrogels by using AABT is demonstrated. Furthermore, AABT provides ion channels and PA ionizes abundant H, conferring a high gauge factor (GF = 14.95) and excellent antimicrobial properties to the hydrogel. Also, inspired by fruit batteries, simple self-powered flexible sensors were developed. Consequently, this study provides knowledge for functional bentonite filler modified hydrogel, and the prepared multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogel shows great application potential in the field of intelligent wearable devices.
PubMed: 38605670
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02456 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Lupin species provide essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Within pulses, they have one of the highest contents of proteins and fibers and are among the poorest...
Lupin species provide essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Within pulses, they have one of the highest contents of proteins and fibers and are among the poorest in carbohydrates. The Mediterranean region is an important cradle area of the origin and domestication of cultivated white lupin ( L.). In this work, we present the characterization of 19 white lupin landraces collected from several sites in southern Italy, characterized by different pedoclimatic conditions. The protein contents and electrophoretic patterns, total polyphenols, phytic acid, lipids and phosphorous content, and reducing and anti-tryptic activities have been determined for each landrace. The relationships of the compositional characteristics, the area of origin of landraces and between compositional characteristics and thermo-pluviometric trends that occurred in the genotype comparison field during the two-year period between 2019 and 2020 are compared and discussed. From a nutritional point of view, some of the analyzed landraces differ from the commercial reference. The panel of molecular analyses performed can help in building an identity card for the grain to rapidly identify those varieties with the desired characteristics.
PubMed: 38592821
DOI: 10.3390/plants13060785 -
Journal of Food Science May 2024Black lentils contain protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, as well as phytochemicals and various bioactive compounds. Ultraviolet (UV)...
Black lentils contain protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, as well as phytochemicals and various bioactive compounds. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ultrasound (US) methods are innovative technologies that can be used to increase the efficiency of the germination process in grains and legumes. To improve the nutritional value and bioactive compounds of the cookies, black lentils germinated by applying UV radiation and US technology were used in the cookie formulation. Before the germination process, UV, US, and their combination (UV+US) were applied, and pretreated and unpretreated germinated black lentil flours were used at a level of 20% in the cookie formulation. The results revealed that pretreatment application increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity more than the lentil sample germinated without any treatment. In addition, the pretreatments applied further reduced the amount of phytic acid in black lentils and the lowest phytic acid content was obtained with the UV-US combination. Compared to cookies containing unpretreated germinated black lentil flour, higher L* values and lower a* values were obtained in the cookie samples containing pretreated germinated black lentil flour. Cookies containing all pretreated germinated lentils generally exhibited higher Ca and K content. This study demonstrated that UV radiation and US improved the nutritional value and bioactive components of the germinated black lentil flour and the cookies in which it was used, compared to the black lentils germinated without any treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pretreatment of black lentils with UV/US application before germination resulted in a greater increase in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to the control sample. The applied pretreatments caused a further decrease in the amount of phytic acid in black lentil samples. Black lentils germinated with the UV+US combination revealed higher Ca, Fe, K, and Mg content compared to the sample germinated without any treatment.
Topics: Lens Plant; Germination; Ultraviolet Rays; Nutritive Value; Antioxidants; Phytic Acid; Seeds; Phenols; Food Handling; Flour; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 38578119
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17002 -
Journal of Environmental Management Apr 2024Phosphate materials (PMs) combine with phosphate solubilizing bacteria play an essential roles in lead (Pb) immobilization, but their resulting ability to reduce Pb...
Phosphate materials (PMs) combine with phosphate solubilizing bacteria play an essential roles in lead (Pb) immobilization, but their resulting ability to reduce Pb bioavailability may vary depending on PMs used. In this study, Pseudomonas edaphica GAU-665 and three PMs: tricalcium phosphate, calcium phytate and nano-hydroxyapatite were respectively encapsulated into bio-beads by sodium alginate, which immobilization efficiency of Pb were 99.11%, 97.76% and 99.02% at initial Pb concentration of 200 mg L, respectively. The Pb immobilization performance of bio-beads under different conditions and their organic acids secreted were examined. Most Pb was immobilized by bio-beads through combined functions of adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange and biomineralization, accompanied by the formation of more stable compounds such as Pb(PO), Pb(PO)OH and Pb(PO)Cl. Meanwhile, pot experimental results indicated that the inoculation of CPhy (calcium phytate) bio-beads with PSB have highest biomass and root growth of oat (Avena sativa L.) in Pb-stressed compared with CK, which increased the content of chlorophyll b (167.51%) in shoot. In addition, the CPhy bio-beads enhance the peroxidase, catalase activities and reduce the malondialdehyde content to alleviating lead physiological toxicity in oat, which reductions the Pb accumulation in shoot (52.06%) and root (81.04%), and increased the residual fraction of Pb by 165.80% in soil. These findings suggest the bio-beads combined with P. edaphica GAU-665 and calcium phytate is an efficient Pb immobilization material and provided feasible way to improve safety agricultural production and Pb-contaminated soil remediation.
Topics: Phosphates; Lead; Pseudomonas; Phytic Acid; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 38574707
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120797 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2024Highly efficient water splitting electrocatalyst for producing hydrogen as a renewable energy source offers potential to achieve net-zero. However, it has significant...
Highly efficient water splitting electrocatalyst for producing hydrogen as a renewable energy source offers potential to achieve net-zero. However, it has significant challenges in using transition metal electrocatalysts as alternatives to noble metals due to their low efficiency and durability, furthermore, the reliance on electricity generation for electrocatalysts from fossil fuels leads to unavoidable carbon emissions. Here, a highly efficient self-powered water splitting system integrated is designed with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and NiFeN@FeN catalyst with improved catalytic activity and durability. First, the durability of the NiFeN catalyst is improved by forming N, P carbon shell using melamine, polyetherimide, and phytic acid. The catalyst activity is improved by generating FeN in the carbon shell through the Kirkendall effect. The synthesized NiFeN@FeN catalyst exhibited excellent bifunctional catalytic activity (η = 261.8 mV and η = 151.8 mV) and remarkable stability (91.7% in OER and 90.5% in HER) in 1 m KOH. Furthermore, to achieve ecofriendly electricity generation, a rotation-mode TENG that sustainably generate high-performance is realized using butylated melamine formaldehyde. As a result, H is successfully generated using the integrated system composed of the designed TENG and catalyst. The finding provides a promising approach for energy generation to achieve net-zero.
PubMed: 38566523
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400374 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2024Phytase increases the availability of phosphate and trace elements by hydrolyzing the phosphomonoester bond in phytate present in animal feed. It is also an important...
Phytase increases the availability of phosphate and trace elements by hydrolyzing the phosphomonoester bond in phytate present in animal feed. It is also an important enzyme from an environmental perspective because it not only promotes the growth of livestocks but also prevents phosphorus contamination released into the environment. Here we present a novel phytase derived from , TmPhy, which has distinctive structure and properties compared to other previously known phytases. TmPhy gene expressed in the system was confirmed to be 41 kDa in size and was used in purified form to evaluate optimal conditions for maximum activity. TmPhy has a dual optimum pH at pH3 and pH6.8 and exhibited the highest activity at 70°C. However, the heat tolerance of the wildtype was not satisfactory for feed application. Therefore, random mutation, disulfide bond introduction, and N-terminal mutation were performed to improve the thermostability of the TmPhy. Random mutation resulted in TmPhyM with about 45% improvement in stability at 60°C. Through further improvements, a total of three mutants were screened and their heat tolerance was evaluated. As a result, we obtained TmPhyMD1 with 46.5% residual activity, TmPhyMD2 with 74.1%, and TmPhyMD3 with 66.8% at 80°C heat treatment without significant loss of or with increased activity.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Enzyme Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hot Temperature; Mutation; Pichia; Temperature; Animal Feed; Kinetics; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 38563103
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11044 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024Although adsorbents are good candidates for removing phosphorus and heavy metals from wastewater, the use of biosorbents for the sequential treatment of phosphorus and...
Although adsorbents are good candidates for removing phosphorus and heavy metals from wastewater, the use of biosorbents for the sequential treatment of phosphorus and copper has not yet been studied. Porous chitosan (CS)-based biosorbents (CGBs) were developed to adsorb phytic acid (PA), a major form of organic phosphate. This first adsorbate (PA) further served as an additional ligand (P-type ligand) for the CGBs (N-type ligand) to form a complex with the second adsorbate (copper). After the adsorption of PA (the first adsorbate), the spent CGBs were recycled and used as a new adsorbent to adsorb Cu(II) ions (the second adsorbate), which was expected to have a dual coordination effect through P, N-ligand complexation with copper. The interactions and complexation between CS, PA and Cu(II) ions on the PA-adsorbed CGBs (PACGBs) were investigated by performing FTIR, XPS, XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. The PACGBs exhibited fast and enhanced adsorption of Cu(II) ions, owing to the synergistic effect of the amino groups of CS (the original ligand, N-type) and the phosphate groups of PA (an additional ligand, P-type) on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions. This is the first time that sequential removal of phosphorus and heavy metals by biosorbents has been performed using biosorbents.
Topics: Chitosan; Copper; Adsorption; Phosphates; Water Purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Ions; Wastewater; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 38554905
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131178 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jun 2024Integrating flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) into firefighting clothing offers exciting opportunities for wearable portable electronics in personal...
Integrating flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) into firefighting clothing offers exciting opportunities for wearable portable electronics in personal protective technology. However, it is still a grand challenge to produce eco-friendly TENGs from biodegradable and low-cost natural polymers for mechanical-energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Herein, conductive polypyrrole (PPy) and natural chitosan (CS)/phytic acid (PA) tribonegative materials were employed onto the Lycra fabric (LC) in turn to assemble the biodegradable and flame-retardant single-electrode mode LC/PPy/CS/PA TENG (abbreviated as LPCP-TENG). The resultant LPCP-TENG exhibits truly wearable breathability (1378.6 mm/s), elasticity (breaking elongation 291 %), and shape adaptivity performance that can produce an open circuit voltage of 0.3 V with 2 N contact pressure at a working frequency of 5 Hz with a limiting oxygen index of 35.2 %. Furthermore, facile monitoring for human motion of firefighters on fireground is verified by LPCP-TENG when used as self-powered flexible tactile sensor. In addition, degradation experiments have shown that waste LPCP-TENG can be fully degraded in soil within 120 days. This work broadens the applicational range of wearable TENG to reduce the environmental effects of abandoned TENG, exhibiting prosperous applications prospects in the field of wearable power source and self-powered motion detection sensor for personal protection application on fireground.
Topics: Humans; Cellulose; Polymers; Pyrroles; Chitosan; Flame Retardants; Phytic Acid; Clothing; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 38553237
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122040