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Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2024Acute hepatitis A infection is common among children in developing nations. The clinical presentation in children is usually asymptomatic and anicteric, and it is a...
BACKGROUND
Acute hepatitis A infection is common among children in developing nations. The clinical presentation in children is usually asymptomatic and anicteric, and it is a self-limiting infection. Rarely, it can be associated with extrahepatic complications such as pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 8-year-old middle eastern child presented with abdominal pain, jaundice in the sclera, yellowish color of urine, and poor appetite. In the last two days, abdominal distension developed. After conducting diagnostic investigations, the child was diagnosed with HAV hepatitis associated with bilateral pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites. He was managed conservatively with vitamin K supplementation and supportive parenteral fluids. After 4 days, clinical improvement was observed.
CONCLUSION
Hepatitis A infections presented with extrahepatic manifestations like pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis, and ascites are very rare, especially in children. There have been some reports of these manifestations occurring in isolation, but for them to co-exist to our knowledge, this has only been reported in two cases in the literature, and this is the third case with all these three rare complications being presented simultaneously in a single child. Although HAV infection is an asymptomatic and self-limiting viral disease in childhood, it can manifest with rare extrahepatic complications, so pediatricians should be aware of this rare association to avoid unnecessary investigations.
Topics: Humans; Acalculous Cholecystitis; Hepatitis A; Ascites; Child; Pleural Effusion; Male; Vitamin K; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 38918800
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04627-8 -
Archives of Microbiology Jun 2024Two myxobacterial strains (KH5-1 and NO1) were isolated from the activated sludge tanks treating municipal sewage wastewater in Japan. These strains were recognised as...
Two myxobacterial strains (KH5-1 and NO1) were isolated from the activated sludge tanks treating municipal sewage wastewater in Japan. These strains were recognised as myxobacteria based on their phenotypic characteristics of swarming colonies and fruiting bodies. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strains KH5-1 and NO1 were affiliated with the genus Corallococcus, with the closest neighbours being Corallococcus exercitus AB043A (99.77% and 99.84%, respectively). Genome comparisons using orthologous average nucleotide identity (orthoANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation similarity (dDDH) with strains KH5-1 and NO1 and their phylogenetically close relatives in Corallococcus spp. were below the thresholds. The major cellular fatty acids of strains KH5-1 and NO1 were iso-C (31.9%, 30.0%), summed feature 3 (comprising Cω7c and/or Cω6c) (20.2%, 17.7%), and iso-C (12.1%, 14.8%), and the major respiratory quinone was found to be menaquinone (MK)-8. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence, strains KH5-1 and NO1 represent a new species in the genus Corallococcus, for which the proposed name is Corallococcus caeni sp. nov. The type strain is KH5-1 (= NCIMB 15510 = JCM 36609).
Topics: Sewage; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Base Composition; Myxococcales; Japan; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Genome, Bacterial; Wastewater
PubMed: 38904779
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04037-w -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic strains, forming yellow colonies and designated F6058 and S2608, were isolated from marine sediment...
Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic strains, forming yellow colonies and designated F6058 and S2608, were isolated from marine sediment collected in Weihai, PR China. Both strains grow at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30-33 °C), pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0-7.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum NaCl concentrations for strains F6058 and S2608 were 2.0 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains F6058 and S2608 share an evolutionary lineage with members of the genus . The isolates exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.7 % to each other. Strains F6058 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to F64183 (98.8 %), and S2608 was most similar to A71 (96.9 %). Iso-C, anteiso-C and iso-C 3-OH were the major fatty acids of strains F6058 and S2608. The sole respiratory quinone of both isolates was menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The polar lipid profiles of the isolates both consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipids; however, strain F6058 exhibited one glycolipid, one aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids, and strain S2608 also had two glycolipids and one unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains F6058 and S2608 were 34.6 % and 37.7 mol%, respectively. Based on their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics, strains F6058 and S2608 were considered to represent novel species of the genus , for which the names sp. nov. and sp. nov. were proposed. The type strains are F6058 (=KCTC 92653=MCCC 1H01358) and S2608 (KCTC 92652=MCCC 1H01361).
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Geologic Sediments; Phylogeny; Fatty Acids; China; Base Composition; Vitamin K 2; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seawater; Molecular Sequence Data; Phospholipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines
PubMed: 38904664
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006423 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2024Leaves of have medicinal potential which has gained attention from researchers around the world. This study has an objective to screen the antioxidant and cytotoxicity...
Leaves of have medicinal potential which has gained attention from researchers around the world. This study has an objective to screen the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from leaves and its fraction. The fine powder of was macerated in methanol and further partitioned using two different solvents, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In this article, we reported the screening results for ethyl acetate extract. Fractionation was then performed on the extract by means of column chromatography by gradient elution resulting in five combined fractions. Brine shrimp lethality test and 1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil (DPPH) assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant of the extract, respectively. Characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was then conducted. The cytotoxicity of the samples was indicated by median lethal concentration values ranging from 28.84 to 1023.3 ppm. As for the antioxidant activity, the DPPH median inhibitory concentration values ranged from 4.12 to 180.66 ppm. GC-MS analysis on the most bioactive fraction revealed the predominating phytochemical contents of neophytadiene, palmitic acid, and phytol. In conclusion, the fraction of ethyl acetate extract from leaves could potentially act as a strong antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic agent.
PubMed: 38903553
DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_470_23 -
The New Phytologist Jun 2024Drought-induced xylem embolism is a primary cause of plant mortality. Although c. 70% of cycads are threatened by extinction and extant cycads diversified during a...
Drought-induced xylem embolism is a primary cause of plant mortality. Although c. 70% of cycads are threatened by extinction and extant cycads diversified during a period of increasing aridification, the vulnerability of cycads to embolism spread has been overlooked. We quantified the vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, pressure-volume curves, in situ water potentials, and a suite of xylem anatomical traits of leaf pinnae and rachises for 20 cycad species. We tested whether anatomical traits were linked to hydraulic safety in cycads. Compared with other major vascular plant clades, cycads exhibited similar embolism resistance to angiosperms and pteridophytes but were more vulnerable to embolism than noncycad gymnosperms. All 20 cycads had both tracheids and vessels, the proportions of which were unrelated to embolism resistance. Only vessel pit membrane fraction was positively correlated to embolism resistance, contrary to angiosperms. Water potential at turgor loss was significantly correlated to embolism resistance among cycads. Our results show that cycads exhibit low resistance to xylem embolism and that xylem anatomical traits - particularly vessels - may influence embolism resistance together with tracheids. This study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of drought resistance in evolutionarily unique and threatened lineages like the cycads.
PubMed: 38898642
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19914 -
The New Phytologist Jun 2024
PubMed: 38898611
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19919 -
The New Phytologist Jun 2024
PubMed: 38898607
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19874 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile, and short rod-shaped actinomycetes, named SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490, were isolated from...
Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile, and short rod-shaped actinomycetes, named SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490, were isolated from tidal flat sediment located in Guangdong province, PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were 99.3, 99.5 and 97.1 %, respectively. Strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to CF 5-4 (97.1 %/98.2 %), with ANI values of 74.01/73.88 % and dDDH values of 20.5/20.4 %. In the phylogenomic tree, the two isolates were affiliated with the genus . The genomes of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were 3.31 and 3.34 Mb, and both had DNA G+C contents of 72.8 mol%, coding 3077 and 3085 CDSs, three and three rRNA genes, and 53 and 51 tRNAs, respectively. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were anteiso-C and C. The major respiratory quinone was identified as MK-10(H). The polar lipids of strains SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490 were diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two glycolipids and two phospholipids. Based on these data, the two strains (SYSU T00b441 and SYSU T00b490) represent a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is SYSU T00b441 (=GDMCC 1.3827=KCTC 49943).
Topics: Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; Phylogeny; Geologic Sediments; DNA, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; China; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Actinobacteria; Vitamin K 2; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38896475
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006436 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2024A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HLT2-17, was isolated from soil sample taken from the Hailuogou glacier in Sichuan province, PR China. Strain...
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HLT2-17, was isolated from soil sample taken from the Hailuogou glacier in Sichuan province, PR China. Strain HLT2-17 was capable of growing at 4-25°C and in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 2% (w/v). The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was observed with M0-14 (98.3 %) and LRZ-2 (98.2 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HLT2-17 and its closest relatives, M0-14 and LRZ-2, were 80.0-84.0 % and 23.3-27.7 %, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain HLT2-17 clustered together with strains M0-14 and LRZ-2. Strain HLT2-17 contained C and anteiso-C as the major fatty acids, and MK-9(H) as the menaquinone. Therefore, based on a polyphasic approach, we propose that strain HLT2-17 (=CGMCC 1.11116= NBRC 110443) represents a novel species of the genus and suggest the name sp. nov.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; China; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Soil Microbiology; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Base Composition; Ice Cover
PubMed: 38896461
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006433 -
Cells Jun 2024Authors have demonstrated that apoptosis activation is a pathway related to cartilage degradation characteristics of the OA process. Autophagy is an adaptive response to...
Authors have demonstrated that apoptosis activation is a pathway related to cartilage degradation characteristics of the OA process. Autophagy is an adaptive response to protect cells from various environmental changes, and defects in autophagy are linked to cell death. In this sense, decreased autophagy of chondrocytes has been observed in OA articular cartilage. The aim of this work was to study the role of OA mitochondria in apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, using OA and Normal (N) transmitochondrial cybrids. Results: OA cybrids incubated with menadione showed a higher percentage of late apoptosis and necrosis than N cybrids. Stimulation of cybrids with staurosporine and IL-1β showed that OA cybrids were more susceptible to undergoing apoptosis than N cybrids. An analysis of the antioxidant response using menadione on gene expression revealed a lower expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 and superoxide dismutase 2 in OA than N cybrids. Activation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 was reduced in OA compared to N cybrids. However, the percentage of senescent cells was higher in OA than N cybrids. Conclusion: This work suggests that mitochondria from OA patients could be involved in the apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence of chondrocytes described in OA cartilage.
Topics: Autophagy; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Apoptosis; Cellular Senescence; Mitochondria; Chondrocytes; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Superoxide Dismutase; Aged; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin K 3; Female
PubMed: 38891108
DOI: 10.3390/cells13110976