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Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS Jul 2024Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid,...
Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune-active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolaemic, anti-diabetic, oestrogenic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti-skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti-photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT-IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents.
Topics: Wound Healing; Plant Extracts; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Seeds; Glycine max; Phytochemicals; Flavonoids; Methanol; Computer Simulation; Phenols; Animals
PubMed: 38837562
DOI: 10.1002/jms.5045 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Jun 2024Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, and innovative strategies are required to target estrogen receptor α (ERα), a key player in its development. This...
Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, and innovative strategies are required to target estrogen receptor α (ERα), a key player in its development. This study investigates the potential of campesterol, a natural phytosterol, as an ERα inhibitor for breast cancer. Our approach integrates , , and experiments to assess the therapeutic potential of campesterol. analyses highlight campesterol as a promising ERα ligand with favorable binding affinities and dynamic properties. Structural analysis reveals conformational changes in ERα upon campesterol binding. studies confirm the selective growth inhibition of campesterol against ERα-positive breast cancer cells. This study extends to ER+ breast cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs), showing the effectiveness of campesterol in ERα-positive breast cancer PDOs. Importantly, it emphasizes the receptor-specific nature of campesterol, providing insights into its context-dependent action. In conclusion, campesterol displays potential as an ERα inhibitor, offering new avenues for ER+ breast cancer treatment.
Topics: Estrogen Receptor alpha; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Drug Discovery; Antineoplastic Agents; Phytosterols; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line, Tumor; Structure-Activity Relationship; Molecular Docking Simulation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38836562
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00766 -
International Journal of... 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder mainly affecting joints, yet the systemic inflammation can influence other organs and tissues....
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder mainly affecting joints, yet the systemic inflammation can influence other organs and tissues. The objective of this study was to unravel the ameliorative capability of Ondansetron (O) or β-sitosterol (BS) against inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that complicates Extra-articular manifestations (EAM) in liver, kidney, lung, and heart of arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats.
METHODS
This was accomplished by exposing adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to successive weekly fractions of total body γ-irradiation (2 Gray (Gy)/fraction once per week for four weeks, up to a total dose of 8 Gy). Arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats were either treated with BS (40 mg/kg b.wt. /day, orally) or O (2 mg/kg) was given ip) or were kept untreated as model groups.
RESULTS
Body weight changes, paw circumference, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory response biomarkers, expression of Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the target organs, besides histopathological examination of ankle joints and extra-articular tissues. Treatment of arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats with BS or O powerfully alleviated changes in body weight gain, paw swelling, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and histopathological degenerative alterations in articular and non-articular tissues.
CONCLUSION
The obtained data imply that BS or O improved the articular and EAM by regulating oxidative and inflammatory indices in arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats.
Topics: Animals; Sitosterols; Lung; Arthritis, Experimental; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Liver; Male; Ondansetron; HMGB1 Protein; Heart; Myocardium; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38831558
DOI: 10.1177/03946320241260635 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024Analysis of endogenous metabolites in various diseases is useful for searching diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology. The... (Review)
Review
Analysis of endogenous metabolites in various diseases is useful for searching diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology. The author and collaborators have developed some LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for metabolites and applied them to disease-related samples. First, we identified urinary conjugated cholesterol metabolites and serum N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine serine as useful biomarkers for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). For the purpose of intraoperative diagnosis of glioma patients, we developed the LC/MS/MS analysis methods for 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or cystine and found that they could be good differential biomarkers. For renal cell carcinoma, we searched for various biomarkers for early diagnosis, malignancy evaluation and recurrence prediction by global metabolome analysis and targeted LC/MS/MS analysis. In pathological analysis, we developed a simultaneous LC/MS/MS analysis method for 13 steroid hormones and applied it to NPC cells, we found 6 types of reductions in NPC model cells. For non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), model mice were prepared with special diet and plasma bile acids were measured, and as a result, hydrophilic bile acids were significantly increased. In addition, we developed an LC/MS/MS method for 17 sterols and analyzed liver cholesterol metabolites and found a decrease in phytosterols and cholesterol synthetic markers and an increase in non-enzymatic oxidative sterols in the pre-onset stage of NASH. We will continue to challenge themselves to add value to clinical practice based on cutting-edge analytical chemistry methodology.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Animals; Humans; Biomarkers; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C; Glioma; Mice
PubMed: 38825462
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00073 -
Natural Product Research Jun 2024Thyme is a commercial spice widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Three popular genera in food and traditional medicine, including Boiss. L.,...
Thyme is a commercial spice widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Three popular genera in food and traditional medicine, including Boiss. L., and L., are considered as thyme-like plants in Iran. Thyme has been standardised based on phenolic monoterpenes, which are abundant in the essential oils of these three genera. Apart from monoterpenes, the flavonoid naringenin, the triterpene oleanolic acid, and phytosterols such as -sitosterol were abundant in , , and samples, respectively. Therefore, employing current analytical techniques on the basis of thymol and carvacrol may be insufficient to differentiate spp from similar medicinal plants including and spp. In this study, we applied NMR-based metabolomics using multivariate analyses to develop quality control of thyme and their similar products. Our findings revealed that NMR-based metabolomics can be a useful approach in differentiating , , and .
PubMed: 38824635
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2356714 -
BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. BR-associated mutants display impaired growth and...
BACKGROUND
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. BR-associated mutants display impaired growth and response to developmental and environmental stimuli.
RESULTS
Here, we found that a BR-deficient mutant det2-1 displayed abnormal root gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis, which was not present in other BR mutants. To further elucidate the role of DET2 in gravity, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analysis of det2-1 and bri1-116, bri1 null mutant allele. Expression levels of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and other related genes in the two mutants of det2-1 and bri1-116 were basically the same. However, we only found that a large number of JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-domain) genes and jasmonate synthesis-related genes were upregulated in det2-1 mutant, suggesting increased levels of endogenous JA.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results also suggested that DET2 not only plays a role in BR synthesis but may also be involved in JA regulation. Our study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of BRs on the root gravitropism.
Topics: Brassinosteroids; Arabidopsis; Plant Roots; Gravitropism; Gene Expression Profiling; Plant Growth Regulators; Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Transcriptome; Mutation; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38822229
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05174-6 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2024Oleogels are innovative structured fat systems that can replace detrimental lipids and saturated fats. Among the various gelators used to construct oleogels,... (Review)
Review
Oleogels are innovative structured fat systems that can replace detrimental lipids and saturated fats. Among the various gelators used to construct oleogels, phytosterols are regarded as potential oleogelators due to ability to lower blood cholesterol levels and protect patients from cardiovascular illnesses, although little research has been conducted on phytosterols. This article examines the formation, characterization, and application of phytosterol-based oleogels in detail. The oleogelation behaviors of phytosterol-based oleogels are affected by their formulation, which includes phytosterol type, combined oleogelator, proportion, concentration and oil type. These oleogels exhibit potential applications as solid fat substitutes without affecting the texture or sensory properties of food products or as effective delivery vehicles. To encourage the research and implementation of phytosterol-based oleogels, we will ultimately not only highlight problems related to their use in food processing, but also provide a few viewpoints, with the goal of providing fresh insights for advancing trends.
Topics: Phytosterols; Organic Chemicals; Humans; Fat Substitutes
PubMed: 38815329
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139821 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity May 2024Cold-pressed Camelina oil is a traditional oil registered as a traditional food in Poland. Camelina oil has health-promoting properties and high oxidative stability....
Cold-pressed Camelina oil is a traditional oil registered as a traditional food in Poland. Camelina oil has health-promoting properties and high oxidative stability. This may be due to the presence of various bioactive antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, sterols and polyphenols. Bioactive compounds content in Camelina oil depends mainly on the varieties and on the conditions under which the crop was grown therefore the aim of the research was to analyse antioxidant bioactive compounds in oil from different cultivars of Camelina sativa seeds and to determine their relationship with oil parameters.
PubMed: 38814629
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400523 -
Human Cell Jul 2024To explore the effects of β-Sitosterol upon hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),...
To explore the effects of β-Sitosterol upon hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and to investigate the underlying mechanism using network pharmacology. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (Huh-7 and HCCLM3) were expose to gradient concentrations of β-Sitosterol (5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 20 μg/mL). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT, CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays.Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell cycle and apoptosis. Scratch and Transwell assays were performed, respectively, to detect cell migration and invasion. The levels of apoptosis-associated proteins (BAX, BCL2, and cleaved caspase3) as well as EMT-associated proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin) were detected in Huh-7 and HCCLM3 cell lines using Western blot analysis. The drug target gene for β-Sitosterol was screened via PubChem and subsequently evaluated for expression in the GSE112790 dataset. In addition, the expression level of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) within the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) database was analyzed, along with its correlation to the survival outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnostic efficiency of GSK3B was assessed by analyzing the ROC curve. Subsequently, Huh-7 and HCCLM3 cell lines were transfected with the overexpression vector of GSK3B and then treated with β-Sitosterol to further validate the association between GSK3B and β-Sitosterol. GSK3B demonstrated a significantly elevated expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which could predict hepatocellular carcinoma patients' impaired prognosis based on GEO dataset and TCGA database. GSK3B inhibitor (CHIR-98014) notably inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. β-Sitosterol treatment further promoted the efffects of GSK3B inhibitor on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. GSK3B overexpression has been found to enhance the proliferative and invasive capabilities of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore it has been observed that GSK3B overexpression, it has been obsear can partially reverse the inhibitory effect of β-Sitosterol upon hepatocellular. β-Sitosterol suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis via inhibiting GSK3B expression.
Topics: Humans; Sitosterols; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Cell Movement; Gene Expression; Phenotype; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Cell Survival; Network Pharmacology; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 38814517
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01081-y -
Inflammopharmacology May 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of joint dysfunction and disability in the elderly, posing serious social problems and a huge socio-economic burden.... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of joint dysfunction and disability in the elderly, posing serious social problems and a huge socio-economic burden. Existing pharmacological treatments have significant drawbacks, and searching for an effective pharmacological intervention is an urgent priority. Recent studies have demonstrated the chondroprotective, anabolic, and anti-catabolic properties of avocado-soybean unsaponifiable (ASU), a natural plant extract made from avocado and soybean oils, consisting of the remainder of the saponified portion of the product that cannot be made into soap. The main components of ASU are phytosterols, beta-sitosterol, canola stanols, and soya stanols, which are rapidly incorporated into cells. Studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of phytosterols. ASU slows down the progression of OA primarily by inhibiting pathways involved in the development of OA disease. ASU prevents cartilage degradation by inhibiting the release and activity of matrix metalloproteinases and by increasing the tissue inhibition of these catabolic enzymes; ASU is also involved in the inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) which is a transcriptional inhibitor that regulates the inflammatory response of chondrocytes. NF-κB is a transcription factor that regulates the inflammatory response of chondrocytes, and inhibition of the transfer of the transcription factor NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus regulates the transcription of many pro-inflammatory factors. By appealing to the mechanism of action and thus achieving anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic, and pro-synthetic effects on cartilage tissues, AUS is clinically responsive to the reduction of acute pain and OA symptom progression. This paper aims to summarize the studies on the use of avocado-soybean unsaponifiable in the pharmacological treatment of osteoarticular.
PubMed: 38814416
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01496-x