-
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The association between sarcopenia and OA still presents many uncertainties. We aimed to assess whether sarcopenia is associated with occurrence of OA in US adults. We...
The association between sarcopenia and OA still presents many uncertainties. We aimed to assess whether sarcopenia is associated with occurrence of OA in US adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 11,456 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. Sarcopenia was defined by a low muscle mass. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass indexes (BMI) or body weight. OA status was assessed by using self-reported questionnaire. We evaluated the association between sarcopenia and OA using multivariate regression models. In addition, subgroup and interaction analysis were performed. Sarcopenia was associated with OA when it was defined by the BMI-adjusted SMI (OR = 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01, 1.51]; P = 0.038) and defined by the weight-adjusted SMI (OR = 1.30 [95% CI, 1.10, 1.55]; P = 0.003). Subgroup and interaction analysis found that the strongest positive association mainly exists in smoker (OR = 1.54 [95% CI, 1.21, 1.95], Pint = 0.006), and this association is not significant in other groups. In conclusion, we found that sarcopenia was associated with occurrence of OA. Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between sarcopenia and OA was more pronounced in smoker. Further well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to assess our results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sarcopenia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutrition Surveys; Prospective Studies; Muscle, Skeletal; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 38167445
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50528-z -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Feb 2024In this work, we present a metal-free coupling protocol for the regio- and stereoselective C3-thioarylation of 6-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid...
In this work, we present a metal-free coupling protocol for the regio- and stereoselective C3-thioarylation of 6-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (iminoKdo). The developed procedure enables the coupling of electron-rich, electron-deficient, and hindered arylthiols, providing a series of C3-modified iminoKdo derivatives in moderate to good yields. Elucidation of active species through controlled experimental studies and time-lapse P NMR analysis provides insights into the reaction mechanism. We demonstrate that, following a tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction of an azido-containing keto ester, an inseparable equimolar mixture of imine/enamine is formed. The enamine then undergoes a Stork-like nucleophilic attack with the in situ-formed disulfide reagent, resulting in the formation of the coupling products. Additionally, we describe a rarely reported acid-promoted aromatization of the C3-thioarylated iminoKdo skeleton into 3,6-disubstituted picolinates, which are reminiscent of dichotomines.
PubMed: 38116880
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303904 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2024To report the histopathologic correlates of trabecular meshwork (TM) specimens procured by microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT) for different severities of glaucoma...
PURPOSE
To report the histopathologic correlates of trabecular meshwork (TM) specimens procured by microincisional trabeculectomy (MIT) for different severities of glaucoma (early glaucoma: visual field mean deviation [MD] <-6 dB, moderate glaucoma: MD from - 6 to - 12 dB, and advanced glaucoma: MD <-12 dB).
METHODS
TM specimens from four patients undergoing MIT with or without cataract surgery were analyzed by routine histopathology for structural changes. The number of cells, the number of cells with spindle-shaped nuclei suggestive of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and the distance between the trabecular beams were calculated using different tools on freely available ImageJ software using the line or pint/count tool.
RESULTS
The TM specimens procured from two early and two advanced glaucoma cases showed decreasing cellularity and decreased compact arrangement of the trabecular beams in severe disease stages. The number of cells and preserved architecture in all four specimens were evident, with > 50 cells being present per section in all four cases despite the glaucoma being of advanced disease stage in two patients.
CONCLUSION
The TM specimens obtained from MIT can be utilized for downstream analysis using different molecular methods for studying the molecular events in the tissue from early to severe glaucoma.
Topics: Humans; Trabeculectomy; Trabecular Meshwork; Glaucoma; Cataract Extraction; Visual Fields; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 38099375
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1390_23 -
Critical Care (London, England) Dec 2023Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, which has hindered the development of effective therapies. This has prompted investigators to develop a precision medicine...
BACKGROUND
Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, which has hindered the development of effective therapies. This has prompted investigators to develop a precision medicine approach aimed at identifying biologically homogenous subgroups of patients with septic shock and critical illnesses. Transcriptomic analysis can identify subclasses derived from differences in underlying pathophysiological processes that may provide the basis for new targeted therapies. The goal of this study was to elucidate pathophysiological pathways and identify pediatric septic shock subclasses based on whole blood RNA expression profiles.
METHODS
The subjects were critically ill children with cardiopulmonary failure who were a part of a prospective randomized insulin titration trial to treat hyperglycemia. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted using RNA sequencing from whole blood samples obtained from 46 children with septic shock and 52 mechanically ventilated noninfected controls without shock. Patients with septic shock were allocated to subclasses based on hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles, and we then compared clinical characteristics, plasma inflammatory markers, cell compositions using GEDIT, and immune repertoires using Imrep between the two subclasses.
RESULTS
Patients with septic shock depicted alterations in innate and adaptive immune pathways. Among patients with septic shock, we identified two subtypes based on gene expression patterns. Compared with Subclass 2, Subclass 1 was characterized by upregulation of innate immunity pathways and downregulation of adaptive immunity pathways. Subclass 1 had significantly worse clinical outcomes despite the two classes having similar illness severity on initial clinical presentation. Subclass 1 had elevated levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines and endothelial injury biomarkers and demonstrated decreased percentages of CD4 T cells and B cells and less diverse T cell receptor repertoires.
CONCLUSIONS
Two subclasses of pediatric septic shock patients were discovered through genome-wide expression profiling based on whole blood RNA sequencing with major biological and clinical differences. Trial Registration This is a secondary analysis of data generated as part of the observational CAF-PINT ancillary of the HALF-PINT study (NCT01565941). Registered March 29, 2012.
Topics: Child; Humans; Gene Expression Profiling; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Transcriptome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38066613
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04689-y -
Cancer Management and Research 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S305547.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S305547.].
PubMed: 38027244
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S448606 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024The integration-segregation framework is a popular first step to understand brain dynamics because it simplifies brain dynamics into two states based on global vs. local...
The integration-segregation framework is a popular first step to understand brain dynamics because it simplifies brain dynamics into two states based on global vs. local signaling patterns. However, there is no consensus for how to best define what the two states look like. Here, we map integration and segregation to order and disorder states from the Ising model in physics to calculate state probabilities, and , from functional MRI data. We find that integration/segregation decreases/increases with age across three databases, and changes are consistent with weakened connection strength among regions rather than topological connectivity based on structural and diffusion MRI data.
PubMed: 38014139
DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567376 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Nov 2023Different measures to assess muscle size - magnetic resonance (MR) derived thigh muscle volume and d3-creatine dilution derived muscle mass (DCr muscle mass) - may have...
BACKGROUND
Different measures to assess muscle size - magnetic resonance (MR) derived thigh muscle volume and d3-creatine dilution derived muscle mass (DCr muscle mass) - may have similar associations with strength, power, physical performance, fitness, and functional limitations in older adults.
METHODS
Men (N=345) and women (N=482) aged ≥70 years from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging completed exams including leg extension strength (1-repetition max) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess fitness (VOpeak). Correlations and adjusted regression models stratified by sex were used to assess the association between muscle size measures and study outcomes; we tested for sex interactions.
RESULTS
DCr muscle mass and MR thigh muscle volume were correlated (men: r=0.62, women: r=0.51, p<.001). Lower DCr muscle mass and lower MR thigh muscle volume were associated with lower strength and lower VOpeak in both men and women; DCr muscle mass was more strongly associated with strength in men than in women (p-int<0.05). There were correlations, though less consistent, between muscle size or mass with physical performance and function. Associations between the muscle size measures and the study outcomes occasionally varied by sex, and associations of MR thigh muscle volume were, at times, slightly more strongly associated with the study outcomes than was DCr muscle mass.
CONCLUSIONS
Less muscle -measured by either DCr muscle mass or MR thigh muscle volume - was associated with lower strength and worse performance. Varied associations by sex and assessment method suggest consideration be given to which measurement to use in future studies.
PubMed: 37986809
DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.23298303 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2023NuScale Power's small modular reactors promised cheaper nuclear power, but costs soared and utilities balked.
NuScale Power's small modular reactors promised cheaper nuclear power, but costs soared and utilities balked.
PubMed: 37972158
DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9503 -
Nutrients Oct 2023In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential correlation between the mother's total gestational weight gain (GWG) rate and the trimester-specific GWG rate...
In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential correlation between the mother's total gestational weight gain (GWG) rate and the trimester-specific GWG rate (GWGR) with the physical development status of the child within 24 months of age. We utilized linear regression models and linear mixed effects models to explore both time point and longitudinal relationships between GWGR and children's anthropometric outcome z-scores at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. To examine the critical exposure windows, we employed multiple informant models. We also conducted a stratified analysis considering pre-pregnancy BMI and the gender of the children. Our findings revealed notable positive associations between total GWGR and z-scores for body mass index for age (BMIZ), head circumference for age (HCZ), weight for age (WAZ), length for age (LAZ), and weight for length (WHZ) across different trimesters of pregnancy (pint < 0.05). The GWGR during the first two trimesters mainly influenced the relationship between total GWGR and BMIZ, WAZ, and LAZ, while the GWGR during the first trimester had a significant impact on the correlation with HCZ (0.206, 95% CI 0.090 to 0.322). Notably, the associations of GWGR and children's BMIZ were pronounced in male children and pre-pregnancy normal-weight women. In conclusion, our study findings indicated that a higher GWGR during each trimester was associated with greater physical growth during the first 24 months of life, especially GWGR in the first and second trimesters.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Male; Child; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Birth Weight; Pregnancy Trimesters; Body Mass Index; Anthropometry
PubMed: 37960175
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214523 -
Clinical Research in Cardiology :... Jul 2024The performance of modified balloons (namely cutting or scoring balloons) to prepare severely calcified lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The performance of modified balloons (namely cutting or scoring balloons) to prepare severely calcified lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. We investigated the clinical and imaging outcomes of patients undergoing PCI assigned to modified balloon therapy to prepare severely calcified coronary lesions before stent implantation.
METHODS
In this meta-analysis, we aggregated the study-level data from trials enrolling invasively treated patients who were randomly assigned to modified balloon or control therapy to prepare severely calcified lesions before stenting. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization. The secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome, coronary perforation and final minimal stent area (MSA) as measured by intracoronary imaging.
RESULTS
A total of 648 participants in six trials were allocated to modified balloon therapy (n = 335) or control therapy (semi-compliant, non-compliant, or super high-pressure balloon, n = 313). The median follow-up was 11 months. Overall, MACE occurred in 8.96% of patients assigned to a modified balloon and 12.78% of patients assigned to control therapy [risk ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-1.39; P = 0.24]. There was a significant treatment effect-by-modified balloon type interaction for the outcome MACE in patients assigned to cutting balloon compared with control therapy [RR = 0.40 (0.28-0.56), P for interaction (P) < 0.001]. Patients treated with a modified balloon compared with control therapy showed neither a significant difference for the other clinical outcomes nor for final MSA [standardized mean difference = 0.67 (- 0.71, 2.06); P = 0.26].
CONCLUSIONS
In patients treated with PCI for severely calcific coronary artery disease a strategy of lesion preparation with a modified balloon before stenting does not improve clinical or imaging outcomes compared with control therapy. The different performance of cutting and scoring balloons warrants further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Coronary Artery Disease; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Stents; Vascular Calcification; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
PubMed: 37930402
DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02324-y