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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Oct 1991Fifty Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori) positive patients entered an open study and were assigned to one of four treatment regimens comprising: pivampicillin (500 mg...
Fifty Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori) positive patients entered an open study and were assigned to one of four treatment regimens comprising: pivampicillin (500 mg b.d.) for 2 weeks +/- tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (tablet or liquid form) for one month. The 14C-urea breath test was used to evaluate clearance (negative at the end of treatment) and eradication (negative at 1 month post-treatment) of H. pylori. Clearance rates were 20% (2/10) after pivampicillin alone, 86% (12/14) after tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablets (240 mg b.d.) plus pivampicillin, 67% (6/9) after tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablets (120 mg q.d.s.) plus pivampicillin, and 100% (13/13) after tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate liquid (120 mg in 5 ml q.d.s) plus pivampicillin. The eradication rates were 0% (0/10), 13% (2/15), 0% (0/11) and 54% (7/13), respectively. Combination of the results from the 2 tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablet/pivampicillin groups gave an eradication rate of 7.7% (2/26) which was significantly lower than the 53.9% (7/13) obtained with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate liquid/pivampicillin (P less than 0.02). In conclusion, a liquid tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate pivampicillin combination may be of special use in the treatment of H. pylori-positive patients when triple therapy is contraindicated (e.g. patient sensitivity/allergy to metronidazole) or when the H. pylori isolate is resistant to metronidazole.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 1793785
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00523.x -
Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health... Sep 1991In a double-blind randomized controlled trial from general practice, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with either metronidazole or pivampicillin in patients... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial from general practice, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with either metronidazole or pivampicillin in patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of bacterial vaginosis. 50 women were treated with metronidazole 500 mg twice daily and 54 with pivampicillin 700 mg twice daily, both for seven days. Evaluated four weeks after the start of treatment, we found a significantly higher cure rate in the metronidazole group (90%) than in the pivampicillin group (69%) (p = 0.01). Cure was defined as lack of fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria of bacterial vaginosis. Test for confounding according to parity and complaint of vaginal discharge showed no influence. Side-effects were significantly commoner in the pivampicillin group (28%) than in the metronidazole group (8%). We consider that metronidazole is a potent drug in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, with pivampicillin as a useful alternative.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Double-Blind Method; Family Practice; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Pivampicillin; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 1754753
DOI: 10.3109/02813439109018518 -
Lakartidningen Jul 1991
Topics: Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Carnitine; Humans; Pivampicillin; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1865725
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi Apr 1991
Review
Topics: 4-Quinolones; Anti-Infective Agents; Cephalosporins; Humans; Pivampicillin; Typhoid Fever
PubMed: 1874093
DOI: No ID Found -
Lakartidningen Feb 1991
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Humans; Pivampicillin; Pyelonephritis; Quinolones; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 1848337
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Jan 1991A case of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) in the 31st week of gestation is reported. Initial cultures from the cervix and urine were without...
Group B streptococcal chorioamnionitis and neonatal septicemia following 8 days pivampicillin and metronidazol prophylaxis after premature rupture of membranes; a case report.
A case of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) in the 31st week of gestation is reported. Initial cultures from the cervix and urine were without pathogenic microorganisms. After 8 days of prophylactic pivampicillin and metronidazol, culture from the cervix showed profuse growth of Group B Streptococci (GBS) and the patient developed symptoms of chorioamnionitis. Cesarean section was performed and the infant presented GBS-septicemia. In spite of continued treatment with pivampicillin, culture from the cervix on day 6 post partum still showed profuse growth of GBS. Prolonged prophylactic per oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics after PPROM may not always protect against infectious complications. Literature is reviewed, and it is discussed whether the applied regimen in some cases even may favour the occurrence of serious infections.
Topics: Adult; Cervix Uteri; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Metronidazole; Pivampicillin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae
PubMed: 1995384
DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90194-p -
Acta Paediatrica Hungarica 1991Total- and free carnitine content of washed pooled red blood cells collected from five children prior to and on the last day of combined pivampicillin and equal molar...
Total- and free carnitine content of washed pooled red blood cells collected from five children prior to and on the last day of combined pivampicillin and equal molar carnitine treatment were measured. On the last day of treatment (day 7) the level of total carnitine decreased from 47.5 +/- 3.39 to 37.5 +/- 2.48 nmol/ml, mean +/- SEM (p less than 0.05) with a concomitant decrease of free carnitine (from 19.2 +/- 0.97 to 15.5 +/- 0.99 nmol/ml, p less than 0.05) as compared with the pretreatment control day (day 0). The calculated amount of acid soluble carnitine esters also fell (from 28.2 +/- 3.38 to 21.9 +/- 1.78 nmol/ml). The same effects were found when the carnitine levels were referred to haemoglobin or water content of samples. These results demonstrate that in pivampicillin treatment the carnitine pool of erythrocytes also alters. In agreement with previous findings the data presented here suggest, that the administered carnitine was not sufficient to meet the enhanced needs of the organism caused by the pivalate load and that the organism utilized some of its stores for pivaloylcarnitine production. The decreased carnitine ester level of erythrocytes suggest, that the red blood cells do not participate in significant extent in pivaloylcarnitine transport or production.
Topics: Carnitine; Child; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 1867892
DOI: No ID Found -
Drugs Jan 1991By the early 1980s, perioperative prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy had been shown consistently to be of such value in reducing postoperative infection that some... (Review)
Review
By the early 1980s, perioperative prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy had been shown consistently to be of such value in reducing postoperative infection that some authors maintained that further placebo-controlled studies were no longer ethical. The benefit of prophylaxis in abdominal hysterectomy was less uniformly demonstrated, in studies which were prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind and randomised. Prophylaxis may significantly reduce the incidence of febrile morbidity and/or wound/pelvic infection, the duration of hospital stay, or the total usage of antibiotics. It is therefore generally agreed that each centre should itself scientifically evaluate the efficacy of prophylaxis before a decision on its routine use in abdominal hysterectomy is made. In comparative studies, agents which were active against both anaerobic and aerobic organisms were more efficacious than those active against anaerobes only. Antibiotics with similar spectra of activity showed similar efficacy in both types of hysterectomy. Multiple- and single-dose regimens of the same antibiotics also showed equal efficacy. The new cephalosporins with a longer half-life were attractive theoretically as agents in single-dose regimens; ceftriaxone, however, has been shown to have an adverse effect on the normal gut flora. With the increased numbers of induced abortions carried out in the UK and other parts of the world in recent years, the need to reduce postabortal infection is generally appreciated. The results of early studies using tetracyclines as the prophylactic agents were difficult to evaluate because of the incomplete follow-up and different definitions of pelvic infections. No benefit was demonstrated in 2 studies using a single preoperative dose of tinidazole, whereas oral metronidazole in 3 doses and penicillin/pivampicillin for 4 days were shown to be efficacious in reducing postabortal infection. In a recent study with doxycycline, significant benefit was shown in patients with negative preoperative screening for gonococcal and chlamydial infection. These genital infections, together with a history of previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/gonorrhoea, nulliparity with multiple partners, young age of the patient and gestational age have been described as significant risk factors. Some researchers hold the view that selective prophylaxis based on these risk factors should be practised instead of mass prophylaxis. All agree that an antibiotic regimen that is both efficacious and well tolerated has yet to be found.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hysterectomy; Premedication; Risk Factors; Surgical Wound Infection; Vagina
PubMed: 1706985
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199141010-00003 -
Lakartidningen Dec 1990
Topics: 4-Quinolones; Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Information Services; Humans; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 2263136
DOI: No ID Found -
Lakartidningen Dec 1990
Topics: Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Drug Compounding; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Pivampicillin
PubMed: 2263135
DOI: No ID Found