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Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Jun 2024Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoid compounds with important defensive roles in plants. The application of PAs in industries such as the pharmaceutical industry has...
The R2R3-MYB transcription factor PgTT2 from Panax ginseng interacts with the WD40-repeat protein PgTTG1 during the regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the response to salt stress.
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoid compounds with important defensive roles in plants. The application of PAs in industries such as the pharmaceutical industry has led to increased interest in enhancing their biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PAs are biosynthesized under the regulation of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2), which can interact with other proteins, including TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1), while also regulating a plant's response to abiotic stressors. However, the regulation of PA biosynthesis in the high-value medicinal plant Panax ginseng (ginseng) has not yet been studied. Understanding the mechanism of PAs biosynthesis regulation in ginseng may be helpful in increasing the plant's range of pharmacological applications. This study found that the overexpression of PgTT2 increased PA biosynthesis by an average of 67.3% in ginseng adventitious roots and 50.5% in arabidopsis seeds. Furthermore, transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgTT2 produced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability by influencing abscisic acid synthesis and signaling. However, under high salinity stress, seed germination and growth rate of seedlings were decreased. An expression analysis of plants facing salt stress revealed increased transcripts of an ABA biosynthetic gene, NCED3, and ABA signaling genes ABI5 and ABI3. Moreover, the PgTT2 protein showed a direct interaction with PgTTG1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. This study therefore reveals novel information on the transcriptional regulation of PA production in ginseng and shows how PgTT2 influences the ABA response pathway to regulate responses to ROS and salt stress.
PubMed: 38950460
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108877 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2024-methyladenosine (mA) is a fundamentally important RNA modification for gene regulation, whose function is achieved through mA readers. However, whether and how mA...
-methyladenosine (mA) is a fundamentally important RNA modification for gene regulation, whose function is achieved through mA readers. However, whether and how mA readers play regulatory roles during fruit ripening and quality formation remains unclear. Here, we characterized SlYTH2 as a tomato mA reader protein and profiled the binding sites of SlYTH2 at the transcriptome-wide level. SlYTH2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation and promotes RNA-protein condensate formation. The target mRNAs of SlYTH2, namely mA-modified and associated with volatile synthesis, are enriched in SlYTH2-induced condensates. Through polysome profiling assays and proteomic analysis, we demonstrate that knockout of expedites the translation process of and , resulting in augmented production of aroma-associated volatiles. This aroma enrichment significantly increased consumer preferences for CRISPR-edited fruit over wild type. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms of mA in plant RNA metabolism and provided a promising strategy to generate fruits that are more attractive to consumers.
Topics: Solanum lycopersicum; Fruit; Adenosine; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Protein Biosynthesis; Odorants
PubMed: 38950372
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405100121 -
Nephrology Nursing Journal : Journal of... 2024The importance of the Life Safety Code (LSC) cannot be understated. The LSC is composed of a set of components, measures, and protocols with the overarching goal of...
The importance of the Life Safety Code (LSC) cannot be understated. The LSC is composed of a set of components, measures, and protocols with the overarching goal of protecting and preserving human life. This article describes the LSC survey process in dialysis facilities. Ensuring the physical plant and its infrastructure is critical for patient safety. The survey tasks, provider, and building management responsibilities are reviewed. Implications for nephrology nursing regarding survey readiness and best practices for an LSC survey are discussed.
Topics: Renal Dialysis; Humans; Patient Safety; Nurse Administrators; Nephrology Nursing; Safety Management; United States
PubMed: 38949802
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Fluorescence Jul 2024One of the exciting developments in contemporary luminescence research is the development of rare earth triggered luminescent glasses, which are a type of lanthanide...
One of the exciting developments in contemporary luminescence research is the development of rare earth triggered luminescent glasses, which are a type of lanthanide activated luminous material. For the first time, Ce, Eu activated/co-activated MgCaNa(PO) orthophosphate glasses have been synthesized using the proposed work's melt quenching technique. The proposed glass sample's XRD pattern has an amorphous character, although its most prominent peak matches data from the MgCaNa(PO) standard ICSD database. FT-IR analysis was used to analyze the proposed glass sample's vibrational characteristics. Co-activated MgCaNa(PO) glass exhibits large emission peaks under UV excitations that cover the far red area during a photoluminescence examination. These outcomes demonstrate the proposed sample's value in applications such as WLEDs and plant cultivation.
PubMed: 38949754
DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03783-w -
Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Jul 2024Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cv Tombul) is a widely used nut in the chocolate industry and is also rich in polyphenol content, which promises anticancer...
Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cv Tombul) is a widely used nut in the chocolate industry and is also rich in polyphenol content, which promises anticancer effects. The anti-cancer and apoptotic effects of hazelnut leaves extracts examined on lung and breast cancer cells. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and Adenosine 5'- triphosphate (ATP) assays were carried out for cell viability measurement. The mode of cell death was shown morphologically by the double fluorescence staining. Apoptosis was determined by performing caspase-mediated cytokeratin 18 (M30 ELISA) and western blot analysis. PARP, caspase 3, caspase 8, DR4, and GAPHD (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase) protein bands were visualized as markers of apoptosis. A wound healing test was employed to measure cell migration. Methanol extract of hazelnut leaf exhibited inhibition of cell growth activities in a dose-dependent manner. IC values were determined as 32.17 µg/ml in MCF-7, 32.16 µg/ml in MDA-MB-231, 20.40 µg/ml in A549 and 12.04 µg/ml in H1299 cells for ethanol extract while it was determined as 21.08 µg/ml in MCF-7, 40.16 µg/ml in MDA-MB-231, 22.04 µg/ml in A549 and 5.91 µg/ml in H1299 cells in methanol extract. In comparison, methanol leaf extracts were more effective in H1299 cells (IC value was 5.91 µg/ml).In comparison, ethanol leaf extracts were more effective in H1299 cells (IC50 value was 9.722 µg/ml). Western blot analysis demonstrated that hazelnut leaf extract treatment of cancer cells led to cell death via apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in lung and breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of hazelnut extract on breast and lung cancer cells might be valuable and promising in elucidating cell death mechanisms for the development of new methods in cancer treatment.
PubMed: 38949744
DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01198-3 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jul 2024Biological control is a promising approach to enhance pathogen and pest control to ensure high productivity in cash crop production. Therefore, PGPR biofertilizers are...
Biological control is a promising approach to enhance pathogen and pest control to ensure high productivity in cash crop production. Therefore, PGPR biofertilizers are very suitable for application in the cultivation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and tobacco, but it is rarely reported so far. In this study, production of a consortium of three strains of PGPR were applied to tobacco and tea plants. The results demonstrated that plants treated with PGPR exhibited enhanced resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PstDC3000). The significant effect in improving the plant's ability to resist pathogen invasion was verified through measurements of oxygen activity, bacterial colony counts, and expression levels of resistance-related genes (NPR1, PR1, JAZ1, POD etc.). Moreover, the application of PGPR in the tea plantation showed significantly reduced population occurrences of tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii Matsuda), tea thrips (Thysanoptera:Thripidae), Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) and alleviated anthracnose disease in tea seedlings. Therefore, PGPR biofertilizers may serve as a viable biological control method to improve tobacco and tea plant yield and quality. Our findings revealed part of the mechanism by which PGPR helped improve plant biostresses resistance, enabling better application in agricultural production.
Topics: Animals; Plant Diseases; Nicotiana; Pseudomonas syringae; Pest Control, Biological; Camellia sinensis; Insecta; Thysanoptera; Disease Resistance; Plant Development; Biological Control Agents; Hemiptera
PubMed: 38949726
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01975-9 -
Journal of Chemical Information and... Jul 2024Ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a crucial strategy in developing new drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Plant compounds are an important...
Ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a crucial strategy in developing new drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Plant compounds are an important screening target for the discovery of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the spatial complexity of phytochemicals, it becomes particularly important to evaluate the effectiveness of compounds while avoiding the mixing of cytotoxic substances in the early stages of compound screening. Traditional high-throughput screening methods suffer from high cost and low efficiency. A computational model based on machine learning provides a novel avenue for cytotoxicity determination. In this study, a microglia cytotoxicity classifier was developed using a machine learning approach. First, we proposed a data splitting strategy based on the molecule murcko generic scaffold, under this condition, three machine learning approaches were coupled with three kinds of molecular representation methods to construct microglia cytotoxicity classifier, which were then compared and assessed by the predictive accuracy, balanced accuracy, F-score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. Then, the recursive feature elimination integrated with support vector machine (RFE-SVC) dimension reduction method was introduced to molecular fingerprints with high dimensions to further improve the model performance. Among all the microglial cytotoxicity classifiers, the SVM coupled with ECFP4 fingerprint after feature selection (ECFP4-RFE-SVM) obtained the most accurate classification for the test set (ACC of 0.99, BA of 0.99, F-score of 0.99, MCC of 0.97). Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used in interpreting the microglia cytotoxicity classifier and key substructure smart identified as structural alerts. Experimental results show that ECFP4-RFE-SVM have reliable classification capability for microglia cytotoxicity, and SHAP can not only provide a rational explanation for microglia cytotoxicity predictions, but also offer a guideline for subsequent molecular cytotoxicity modifications.
PubMed: 38949724
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00366 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jul 2024Nanomaterials associated with plant growth and crop cultivation revolutionize traditional concepts of agriculture. However, the poor reiterability of these materials in...
Nanomaterials associated with plant growth and crop cultivation revolutionize traditional concepts of agriculture. However, the poor reiterability of these materials in agricultural applications necessitates the development of environmentally-friendly approaches. To address this, biocompatible gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) as nanofertilizers with a small size (≈150 nm) and a positively charged surface (≈30 mV) that serve as a versatile tool in agricultural practices is designed. GNPs load agrochemical agents to improve maintenance and delivery. The biocompatible nature and small size of GNPs ensure unrestricted nutrient absorption on root surfaces. Furthermore, when combined with pesticides, GNPs demonstrate remarkable enhancements in insecticidal (≈15%) and weed-killing effects (≈20%) while preserving the efficacy of the pesticide. That GNPs have great potential for use in sustainable agriculture, particularly in inducing plant growth, specifically plant root growth, without fertilization and in enhancing the functions of agrochemical agents is proposed. It is suggested conceptual applications of GNPs in real-world agricultural practices.
PubMed: 38949406
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402899 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jun 2024Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are difficult to manipulate and observe due to their permanent association with plant roots and propagation in the rhizosphere....
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are difficult to manipulate and observe due to their permanent association with plant roots and propagation in the rhizosphere. Typically, AM fungi are cultured under in vivo conditions in pot culture with an autotrophic host or under in vitro conditions with Ri Transfer-DNA transformed roots (heterotrophic host) in a Petri dish. Additionally, the cultivation of AM fungi in pot culture occurs in an opaque and non-sterile environment. In contrast, in vitro culture involves the propagation of AM fungi in a sterile, transparent environment. The superabsorbent polymer-based autotrophic system (SAP-AS) has recently been developed and shown to combine the advantages of both methods while avoiding their respective limitations (opacity and heterotrophic host, sterility). Here, we present a detailed protocol for easy preparation, single spore inoculation, and observation of AM fungi in SAP-AS. By modifying the Petri dishes, high-resolution photographic and video observations were possible on living specimens, which would have been difficult or impossible with current in vivo and in vitro techniques.
Topics: Mycorrhizae; Polymers; Autotrophic Processes; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38949309
DOI: 10.3791/66848 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jul 2024The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates essential processes in plant development and responsiveness to abiotic and biotic stresses. ABA perception triggers a...
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates essential processes in plant development and responsiveness to abiotic and biotic stresses. ABA perception triggers a post-translational signaling cascade that elicits the ABA gene regulatory network (GRN), encompassing hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and thousands of transcribed genes. To further our knowledge of this GRN, we performed an RNA-seq time series experiment consisting of 14 time points in the 16 h following a one-time ABA treatment of 5-week-old Arabidopsis rosettes. During this time course, ABA rapidly changed transcription levels of 7151 genes, which were partitioned into 44 coexpressed modules that carry out diverse biological functions. We integrated our time-series data with publicly available TF-binding site data, motif data, and RNA-seq data of plants inhibited in translation, and predicted (i) which TFs regulate the different coexpression clusters, (ii) which TFs contribute the most to target gene amplitude, (iii) timing of engagement of different TFs in the ABA GRN, and (iv) hierarchical position of TFs and their targets in the multi-tiered ABA GRN. The ABA GRN was found to be highly interconnected and regulated at different amplitudes and timing by a wide variety of TFs, of which the bZIP family was most prominent, and upregulation of genes encompassed more TFs than downregulation. We validated our network models in silico with additional public TF-binding site data and transcription data of selected TF mutants. Finally, using a drought assay we found that the Trihelix TF GT3a is likely an ABA-induced positive regulator of drought tolerance.
PubMed: 38949092
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16899