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Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Feb 2024<br><b>Introduction:</b> Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a leading bariatric surgery globally. One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), a modification... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
<br><b>Introduction:</b> Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a leading bariatric surgery globally. One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), a modification of RYGB, ranks as the third most common bariatric procedure in Poland. While clinical trials show that OAGB outcomes are comparable to those of RYGB regarding weight loss, remission of comorbidities, and hormonal impact, there is limited data on long-term outcomes and complications.</br><br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of revisional surgeries conducted after OAGB <i>versus</i> RYGB.</br> <br><b>Material and methods:</b> This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing revisional bariatric surgeries from January 2010 to January 2020 across 12 Polish centers. The inclusion criteria were an age of at least 18 years and prior OAGB or RYGB surgery. Those with incomplete primary surgery data and follow-up post-revision were excluded. Data were collected regarding parameters for anthropometrics, comorbidities, and perioperative details. The patients were categorized based on their initial surgery: OAGB or RYGB. The primary endpoints were the reasons for and types of revisional surgery and weight changes; the secondary endpoints were postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS).</br> <br><b>Results:</b> In total, 27 patients participated, with a mean age of 38.18 7 years. Differences between the OAGB (13 patients) and RYGB (14 patients) groups included median initial body weight (100 kg <i>vs.</i> 126 kg, p<0.016), number of postoperative complications (9 <i>vs.</i> 3, p = 0.021), and median LOS (3 <i>vs.</i> 4.5 days, p = 0.03). GERD was the primary reason for OAGB revisions (69.2%), whereas insufficient weight loss led to the most RYGB revisions (42.9%).</br><br><b>Conclusions:</b> The RYGB patients commonly needed revisions due to weight issues, whereas reoperations in the OAGB patients were conducted due to postoperative complications. The postoperative complications and LOS were similar between the groups.</br> <br><b>The importance of research for the development of the field:</b> The results may influence clinical surgeons' choice of surgical technique.</br>.
Topics: Humans; Poland; Reoperation; Female; Male; Adult; Gastric Bypass; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Obesity, Morbid; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38940250
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.2678 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Feb 2024<b><br>Introduction:</b> Intragastric balloon (IGB) insertion is used as a bridging therapy in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m2 . We...
<b><br>Introduction:</b> Intragastric balloon (IGB) insertion is used as a bridging therapy in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m2 . We arranged a retrospective study to evaluate whether pre-operative IGB treatment influences perioperative and postoperative weight loss outcomes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and especially to evaluate the impact of post - IGB percentage of excessive weight loss (%EWL) on postoperative %EWL.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> Patients who underwent IGB placement followed by laparoscopic SG were divided into the following groups considering %EWL after IGB: Group 1 <=10.38%; Group 2 >10.38% and <=17.27%; Group 3 >17.27% and <=24.86%; Group 4 >24.86%. 1 year after SG data were collected. The following parameters were compared between groups: operative time, total blood loss, length of stay and weight, BMI, percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), %EWL.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> There were no statistically significant differences between groups in perioperative results. Post-SG %EWL was the highest in intermediate groups: 2 and 3. Post-treatment results were observed: body weight and BMI were the lowest in Group 4 and the highest in Group 1. Post-treatment %EWL was the highest in Group 4, the lowest in Group 1 and grew gradually in subsequent groups.</br> <b><br>Discussion:</b> The study confirmed the impact of weight loss on IGB on postoperative results. The study showed that %EWL after the IGB treatment influences %EWL after SG and most of all affects definitive %EWL after two-stage treatment and it could be a foreshadowing factor of these outcomes.</br> <b><br>Importance:</b> The importance of research for the development of the field %EWL after IGB influences the final BMI and final weight, which means that patients with the greatest %EWL after IGB are more likely to have the greatest postoperative weight loss and overall weight loss.</br>.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Gastrectomy; Adult; Gastric Balloon; Weight Loss; Laparoscopy; Obesity, Morbid; Treatment Outcome; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; Preoperative Care
PubMed: 38940249
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.2675 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is known as germicidal radiation and was widely used for both sterilization of the equipment and creation of a sterile environment....
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is known as germicidal radiation and was widely used for both sterilization of the equipment and creation of a sterile environment. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of inactivation of microorganisms deposited on surfaces with various textures by UV-C radiation disinfection devices.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five microorganisms (3 bacteria, virus, and fungus) deposited on metal, plastic, and glass surfaces with smooth and rough textures were irradiated with UV-C light emitted by low-pressure mercury lamp and ultraviolet emitting diodes (LEDs), from a distance of 0.5 m, 1 m, and 1.5 m to check their survivability after 20-minute exposure.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Both tested UV-C sources were effective in inactivation of microorganisms; however, LED emitter was more efficient in this respect than the mercury lamp. The survival rate of microorganisms depended on the UV-C dose, conditioned by the distance from UV-C source being the highest at 0.5 m and the lowest at 1.5 m. For the tested microorganisms, the highest survival rate after UV-C irradiation was usually visible on glass and plastic surfaces. This observation should be considered in all environments where the type of material (from which the elements of technical equipment are manufactured and may be contaminated by specific activities) is important for maintaining the proper level of hygiene and avoiding the unwanted and uncontrolled spread of microbiological pollution.
Topics: Ultraviolet Rays; Disinfection; Fungi; Bacteria; Viruses; Surface Properties; Microbial Viability; Plastics; Glass
PubMed: 38940114
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/189695 -
Small Methods Jun 2024Bionic visual systems require multimodal integration of eye-like photodetectors and brain-like image memory. However, the integration of photodetectors (PDs) and...
Bionic visual systems require multimodal integration of eye-like photodetectors and brain-like image memory. However, the integration of photodetectors (PDs) and artificial optoelectronic synapses devices (OESDs) by one device remains a giant challenge due to their photoresponse discrepancy. Herein, a dual-functional integration of PDs and OESDs based on VO/WO heterojunctions is presented. The device can be able to realize a dual-mode conversion between PDs and OESDs through tuning the bias voltage. Under zero bias voltage, the device exhibiting excellent photodetecting behaviors based on the photovoltaic effect, showing a high self-powered photoresponsivity of 18.5 mA W and high detectivity of 7.5 × 10 Jones with fast photoresponse. When the external bias voltages are applied, it can be acted as an OESD and exhibit versatile electrical and photonic synaptic characteristics based on the trapping and detrapping effects, including synaptic plasticity and learning-experience behaviors. More importantly, benefiting from the excellent photosensing ability and transporting properties, the device shows ultralow-power consumption of 39.0 pJ and a 4 × 4 OESDs array is developed to realize the visual perception and memory. This work not only supplies a novel route to realize complex functional integration just in one device, but also offers effective strategies for developing neuromorphic visual system.
PubMed: 38940078
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400779 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024Existing animal models for testing therapeutics in the skin are limited. Mouse and rat models lack similarity to human skin in structure and wound healing mechanism....
BACKGROUND
Existing animal models for testing therapeutics in the skin are limited. Mouse and rat models lack similarity to human skin in structure and wound healing mechanism. Pigs are regarded as the best model with regards to similarity to human skin; however, these studies are expensive, time-consuming, and only small numbers of biologic replicates can be obtained. In addition, local-regional effects of treating wounds that are closely adjacent to one-another with different treatments make assessment of treatment effectiveness difficult in pig models. Therefore, here, a novel nude mouse model of xenografted porcine hypertrophic scar (HTS) cells was developed. This model system was developed to test if supplying hypo-pigmented cells with exogenous alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) will reverse pigment loss .
METHODS
Dyschromic HTSs were created in red Duroc pigs. Epidermal scar cells (keratinocytes and melanocytes) were derived from regions of hyper-, hypo-, or normally pigmented scar or skin and were cryopreserved. Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) were isolated separately. Excisional wounds were created on nude mice and a grafting dome was placed. DFs were seeded on day 0 and formed a dermis. On day 3, epidermal cells were seeded onto the dermis. The grafting dome was removed on day 7 and hypo-pigmented xenografts were treated with synthetic α-MSH delivered with microneedling. On day 10, the xenografts were excised and saved. Sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to assess xenograft structure. RNA was isolated and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for melanogenesis-related genes , , and .
RESULTS
The seeding of HTSDFs formed a dermis that is similar in structure and cellularity to HTS dermis from the porcine model. When hyper-, hypo-, and normally-pigmented epidermal cells were seeded, a fully stratified epithelium was formed by day 14. H&E staining and measurement of the epidermis showed the average thickness to be 0.11 ± 0.07 µm 0.06 ± 0.03 µm in normal pig skin. Hypo-pigmented xenografts that were treated with synthetic α-MSH showed increases in pigmentation and had increased gene expression of , , and compared to untreated controls (TYR: 2.7 ± 1.1 0.3 ± 1.1; TYRP1: 2.6 ± 0.6 0.3 ± 0.7; DCT 0.7 ± 0.9 0.3 ± 1-fold change from control; n = 3).
CONCLUSIONS
The developed nude mouse skin xenograft model can be used to study treatments for the skin. The cells that can be xenografted can be derived from patient samples or from pig samples and form a robust dual-skin layer containing epidermis and dermis that is responsive to treatment. Specifically, we found that hypo-pigmented regions of scar can be stimulated to make melanin by synthetic α-MSH .
Topics: Animals; Mice, Nude; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Swine; alpha-MSH; Humans; Skin; Fibroblasts; Melanocytes; Keratinocytes; Transplantation, Heterologous; Wound Healing; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 38940034
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906230 -
Exploration (Beijing, China) Jun 2024In recent years, there has been a surge in annual plastic production, which has contributed to growing environmental challenges, particularly in the form of... (Review)
Review
In recent years, there has been a surge in annual plastic production, which has contributed to growing environmental challenges, particularly in the form of microplastics. Effective management of plastic and microplastic waste has become a critical concern, necessitating innovative strategies to address its impact on ecosystems and human health. In this context, catalytic degradation of microplastics emerges as a pivotal approach that holds significant promise for mitigating the persistent effects of plastic pollution. In this article, we critically explored the current state of catalytic degradation of microplastics and discussed the definition of degradation, characterization methods for degradation products, and the criteria for standard sample preparation. Moreover, the significance and effectiveness of various catalytic entities, including enzymes, transition metal ions (for the Fenton reaction), nanozymes, and microorganisms are summarized. Finally, a few key issues and future perspectives regarding the catalytic degradation of microplastics are proposed.
PubMed: 38939860
DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20230018 -
Neurobiology of Language (Cambridge,... 2024The structure of human language is inherently hierarchical. The left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (LpIFG) is proposed to be a core region for constructing syntactic...
The structure of human language is inherently hierarchical. The left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (LpIFG) is proposed to be a core region for constructing syntactic hierarchies. However, it remains unclear whether LpIFG plays a causal role in syntactic processing in Mandarin Chinese and whether its contribution depends on syntactic complexity, working memory, or both. We addressed these questions by applying inhibitory continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over LpIFG. Thirty-two participants processed sentences containing embedded relative clauses (i.e., complex syntactic processing), syntactically simpler coordinated sentences (i.e., simple syntactic processing), and non-hierarchical word lists (i.e., word list processing) after receiving real or sham cTBS. We found that cTBS significantly increased the coefficient of variation, a representative index of processing stability, in complex syntactic processing (esp., when subject relative clause was embedded) but not in the other two conditions. No significant changes in ' and reaction time were detected in these conditions. The findings suggest that (a) inhibitory effect of cTBS on the LpIFG might be prominent in perturbing the complex syntactic processing stability but subtle in altering the processing quality; and (b) the causal role of the LpIFG seems to be specific for syntactic processing rather than working memory capacity, further evidencing their separability in LpIFG. Collectively, these results support the notion of the LpIFG as a core region for complex syntactic processing across languages.
PubMed: 38939729
DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00140 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2024The search for new therapeutic strategies against cancer has favored the emergence of rationally designed treatments. These treatments have focused on attacking cell... (Review)
Review
The search for new therapeutic strategies against cancer has favored the emergence of rationally designed treatments. These treatments have focused on attacking cell plasticity mechanisms to block the transformation of epithelial cells into cancerous cells. The aim of these approaches was to control particularly lethal cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. However, they have not been able to control the progression of cancer for unknown reasons. Facing this scenario, emerging areas such as systems biology propose using engineering principles to design and optimize cancer treatments. Beyond the possibilities that this approach might offer, it is necessary to know whether its implementation at a clinical level is viable or not. Therefore, in this paper, we will review the engineering principles that could be applied to rationally design strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma, and discuss whether the necessary elements exist to implement them. In particular, we will emphasize whether these engineering principles could be applied to fight hepatocellular carcinoma.
PubMed: 38939509
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1404319 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Jul 2024Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided transpapillary gallbladder drainage has emerged as an effective alternative for management of acute cholecystitis...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided transpapillary gallbladder drainage has emerged as an effective alternative for management of acute cholecystitis in nonoperable candidates. Delayed acute pancreatitis has not been previously described as an adverse event with this procedure. In this article, we describe 3 patients who developed acute pancreatitis between 2 and 6 weeks after stent insertion with no alternative inciting cause. Delayed acute pancreatitis may represent a rare and previously uncharacterized adverse event related to transpapillary gallbladder drainage.
PubMed: 38939354
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001417 -
Cureus May 2024Hand injuries typically present with localized symptoms. However, we report an unusual case of a 32-year-old female who experienced a transient complete loss of...
Hand injuries typically present with localized symptoms. However, we report an unusual case of a 32-year-old female who experienced a transient complete loss of sensation and motor function in her entire left nondominant hand after sustaining a minor 1 cm stab wound between the third and fourth metacarpals. Wound exploration under local anesthesia revealed no tendon, vascular, neural, or bony injury. Remarkably, she spontaneously regained full hand sensation and function within 120 minutes of the injury. Extensive neurological evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), ruled out organic pathology and supported a diagnosis of functional neurological disorder (FND), specifically functional movement disorder (FMD). Close collaboration between hand surgeons, neurologists, and occupational therapists is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate multidisciplinary management. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FND and optimize evidence-based treatment for FND in the context of hand trauma. The increased awareness of this condition across specialties involved in hand injury management is crucial to facilitate timely diagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions.
PubMed: 38939299
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61218