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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Salidroside (SAL) is the most effective component of , a traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main fat-soluble extract of , exhibiting considerable...
BACKGROUND
Salidroside (SAL) is the most effective component of , a traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main fat-soluble extract of , exhibiting considerable potential for application in osteogenesis. Herein, a polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber membrane loaded with CT and SAL (PSGC membrane) was successfully fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and characterized.
METHODS AND RESULTS
This membrane capable of sustained and controlled drug release was employed in this study. Co-culturing the membrane with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed excellent biocompatibility and demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. Furthermore, drug release from the PSGC membrane activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoted osteogenic differentiation and vascularization. Evaluation of the membrane's vascularization and osteogenic capacities involved transplantation onto a rat's subcutaneous area and assessing rat cranium defects for bone regeneration, respectively. Microcomputed tomography, histological tests, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the membrane's outstanding angiogenic capacity two weeks post-operation, with a higher incidence of osteogenesis observed in rat cranial defects eight weeks post-surgery.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the SAL- and CT-loaded coaxial electrospun nanofiber membrane synergistically enhances bone repair and regeneration.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Animals; Nanofibers; Gelatin; Polyesters; Glucosides; Phenols; Phenanthrenes; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats; Male; Bone Regeneration; Membranes, Artificial; Coculture Techniques; Drug Liberation; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38957181
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S461141 -
Journal of Food Science Jul 2024Previously, we showed that water extract (soymilk, except pH was increased to 8 from 6.5) of whole soybean could be used directly as a raw material for producing edible...
Previously, we showed that water extract (soymilk, except pH was increased to 8 from 6.5) of whole soybean could be used directly as a raw material for producing edible soy films by deposition of the film-forming solution (soy extract with enhancers). However, the strength of such soy films needed improvement because they were weak. The purpose of this study was to investigate how transglutaminase (TG) cross-linking reactions and film enhancers, including pectin (low- and high-methoxyl pectin), whey protein isolate (WPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI), improve the physical properties of soy films. Soy films prepared with TG had tensile strength (TS) of 3.01 MPa and puncture strength (PS) of 0.78 MPa, which were higher by as much as 51% and 30% than that of soy films without TG treatment, respectively. Pectin showed significant effects on the mechanical properties of TG-added soy films in terms of TS, PS, and % elongation. On the other hand, only TS and PS were increased by the addition of WPI or SPI. Heat curing had a significant effect on soy film's physical properties. TG treatment significantly reduced film solubility when soaked in water and various levels of acid (vinegar) and base (baking soda) solutions. Under the experimental conditions of 35 unit TG and 28 min of reaction, the degrees of cross-linking were evidenced by the disappearance of individual protein subunits, except the basic subunit of glycinin, and the reduction of 21% of lysine residues of the proteins. HIGHLIGHTS: Edible soy films were made with transglutaminase and about 21% lysine cross-linked. The mechanical strength of soy films was increased by incorporating film enhancers. Transglutaminase enhanced the mechanical properties of soy films.
Topics: Transglutaminases; Pectins; Soybean Proteins; Tensile Strength; Solubility; Whey Proteins; Food Packaging; Cross-Linking Reagents; Glycine max; Edible Films; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Soy Milk
PubMed: 38957134
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17107 -
Journal of Food Science Jul 2024Extraction of starch from waste is also an effective way to recover resources and provide new sources of starch. In this study, starch was isolated from white kidney... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Extraction of starch from waste is also an effective way to recover resources and provide new sources of starch. In this study, starch was isolated from white kidney bean residue, chickpea residue, and tiger nut meal after protein or oil extraction, and the morphology of starch particles was observed to determine their physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility. All these isolated starches had unique properties, among which white kidney bean starch (KBS) had a high amylose content (43.48%), and its structure was better ordered. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct granular morphologies for the three starches. KBS and chickpea starch (CHS) were medium-granular starches, whereas tiger nut starch was a small granular starch. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the absence of significant differences in functional groups and chemical bonds among the three starch molecules. In vitro digestibility studies showed that CHS is more resistant to enzymatic degradation. Overall, these results will facilitate the development of products based on the separation of nonconventional starches from waste.
Topics: Starch; Digestion; Cicer; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Amylose; Phaseolus; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38957110
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17171 -
ACS Nano Jul 2024Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), also known as vapor phase infiltration (VPI), is a quickly expanding technique that allows growth of inorganic materials within...
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), also known as vapor phase infiltration (VPI), is a quickly expanding technique that allows growth of inorganic materials within polymers from vapor phase precursors. With an increasing materials library, which encompasses numerous organometallic precursors and polymer chemistries, and an expanding application space, the importance of understanding the mechanisms that govern SIS growth is ever increasing. In this work, we studied the growth of polycrystalline ZnO clusters and particles in three representative polymers: poly(methyl methacrylate), SU-8, and polymethacrolein using vapor phase diethyl zinc and water. Utilizing two atomic resolution methods, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we probed the evolution of ZnO nanocrystals size and crystallinity level inside the polymers with advancing cycles─from early nucleation and growth after a single cycle, through the formation of nanometric particles within the films, and to the coalescence of the particles upon polymer removal and thermal treatment. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microgravimetry, we highlight the important role of water molecules throughout the process and the polymers' hygroscopic level that leads to the observed differences in growth patterns between the polymers, in terms of particle size, dispersity, and the evolution of crystalline order. These insights expand our understanding of crystalline materials growth within polymers and enable rational design of hybrid materials and polymer-templated inorganic nanostructures.
PubMed: 38956949
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02846 -
Drug Delivery Dec 2024Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland in the hair follicle. Commonly used external medications cause skin irritation, and the transdermal... (Review)
Review
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland in the hair follicle. Commonly used external medications cause skin irritation, and the transdermal capacity is weak, making it difficult to penetrate the cuticle skin barrier. Hair follicles can aid in the breakdown of this barrier. As nanomaterials progress, polymer-based nanocarriers are routinely used for hair follicle drug delivery to treat acne and other skin issues. Based on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of hair follicles, this paper discusses factors affecting hair follicle delivery by polymer nanocarriers, summarizes the common combination technology to improve the targeting of hair follicles by carriers, and finally reviews the most recent research progress of different polymer nanodrug-delivery systems for the treatment of acne by targeting hair follicles.
Topics: Hair Follicle; Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Polymers; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanoparticles; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
PubMed: 38956885
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2372269 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024The aim of the current study was to assess the cleaning and smear layer removal efficacy of two different rotary files with or without chemical agents on primary teeth.
AIM
The aim of the current study was to assess the cleaning and smear layer removal efficacy of two different rotary files with or without chemical agents on primary teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For the study, 90 extracted primary maxillary incisors without internal or external resorption and with at least two-thirds of complete roots were chosen. Then, based on the kind of instruments used to clean and shape the canals, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, each consisting of 30 teeth. Group-I: The canal was instrumented manually with K-files, Group-II: The canal was instrumented with Kedo-S files, Group-III: The canal was instrumented with Kedo-SG Blue files. After the canals were finally instrumented, 2 mL of QMix solution was used to irrigate 15 samples from each group. The samples were subsequently allowed to remain in the canals for 90 seconds in order to eliminate the smear layer. After that a stereomicroscope was used to assess the cleaning effectiveness.
RESULTS
With irrigant solution, the highest mean value was found in manual K-files (2.86 ± 0.34), followed by Kedo-S files group (1.34 ± 0.26) and Kedo-SG Blue files (1.28 ± 0.18). Without irrigant solution, the highest mean value was found in manual K-files (2.92 ± 0.22) followed by Kedo-S files group (1.44 ± 0.18) and Kedo-SG Blue files (1.36 ± 0.14). There was a statistically significant difference found at all the three levels.
CONCLUSION
On conclusion, the current study's findings demonstrated that irrigation solution was significantly more effective in cleaning and removing smear layers from pediatric rotary files than manual K-files.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The effectiveness of endodontic therapy depends on a successful chemomechanical preparation. The canals are instrumented using either hand files or rotary instruments; there are several irrigation and instrumentation techniques. In order to completely sterilize the canals, chemical agents are utilized for irrigation during instrumentation. Due to their numerous biological, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, many natural compounds are also utilized as irrigants. How to cite this article: Abushanan A. Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Ability of Various Rotary Files with/without Chemical Agents on Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):354-357.
Topics: Tooth, Deciduous; Smear Layer; Humans; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Irrigants; In Vitro Techniques; Dental Instruments; Biguanides; Incisor; Equipment Design; Dental Pulp Cavity; Polymers
PubMed: 38956851
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3657 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and strength of three various dentin-bonding agents used with adhesives on primary teeth.
AIM
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and strength of three various dentin-bonding agents used with adhesives on primary teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study used 80 recently extracted, healthy human maxillary anterior primary teeth that had undergone physiologic resorption, or over-retention. Teeth were cut to expose a flat dentin surface at a depth of 1.5 mm. All samples were divided into four groups (20 samples in each group) as follows: Group I-Control group, Group II-Primary teeth bonding with 6th-generation bonding agent, Group III-Primary teeth bonding with 7th-generation bonding agent, Group IV-Primary teeth bonding with 8th-generation bonding agent. All of the samples' dentinal surfaces were covered with composite resin using a Teflon mold after adhesive had been applied. A universal testing machine (INSTRON) was used to assess the shear bond strength. Data were collected and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
The maximum mean shear bond strength was found in 8th-generation bonding agent (30.76 ± 0.16), followed by 7th-generation bonding agent (26.08 ± 0.21), 6th-generation bonding agent (25.32 ± 0.06), and control group (6.18 ± 0.09). Statistically significant difference was found between the three different bonding agents ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
On conclusion, the 8th-generation bonding agent demonstrated a greater shear bond strength to dentin than the 7th and 6th-generation bonding agent.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The emergence of different bonding techniques to the market improves the durability and quality of restorations. An effective bonding to the tooth would also reduce bacterial penetration, marginal microleakage, possibility of pulpal inflammation preserve tooth structure, and postoperative sensitivity by allowing less cavity preparation. How to cite this article: Alqarni AS, Al Ghwainem A. Assessment of the Efficacy and Bond Strength of Different Dentin-bonding Agents with Adhesives on Primary Teeth: An Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):342-345.
Topics: Humans; Tooth, Deciduous; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dental Bonding; Shear Strength; Dental Stress Analysis; In Vitro Techniques; Composite Resins; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Dentin; Dental Cements
PubMed: 38956849
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3658 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024The study aimed to assess the microleakage of nanoparticle-based (NPB) cyanoacrylate sealer and epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealer using radioisotope method and confocal...
AIM OF THE STUDY
The study aimed to assess the microleakage of nanoparticle-based (NPB) cyanoacrylate sealer and epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealer using radioisotope method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 100 single-rooted teeth were collected; specimens were accessed, instrumented, and irrigated, and randomly distributed into 4 groups of 25 samples each: Group I: Positive control, group II: Negative control, group III: Obturated with NPB sealer, and group IV: Obturated with ERB sealer. All samples were immersed in 99mTc pertechnetate solution, for 3 hours after which radioactivity was estimated under a Gamma camera. The radioactivity released by specimens before and after nail varnish removal was statistically analyzed. After 2 weeks, the same samples were used for CLSM analysis. The sealer tubular penetration depth was measured at the deepest level for each group using ZEN lite 2012. Data collected was statistically evaluated.
RESULTS
The amount of radioactivity observed at first in group III and group IV was 194.76 and 599.12 units, respectively, with -value < 0.001, indicating significant interaction, and after nail varnish removal, it was 89.68 and 468.44 units, respectively, with a -value < 0.001; again, indicating statistical significance. Hence, the radioactivity of NPB sealer was found to be lower than ERB sealer in both cases, indicating better sealing of the former. The photomicrographs show that mean value of dye penetration in NPB sealer in first, second, and third segment from apex was 85.06, 75.73, and 66.09, respectively; while in the case of ERB sealer, those were 597.28, 461.17, and 195.68, respectively; with -value < 0.001; signifying that NPB sealer exhibited higher resistance to microleakage than ERB sealer.
CONCLUSION
The NPB sealer can become a potential root canal sealer in future endodontics due to superior physiochemical properties attributed to the cyanoacrylate and incorporated nanoparticles.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The study clinically signifies that we can equally use the radioisotopic method along with confocal method while conducting the microleakage studies. In addition, NPB sealer can be an emerging replacement with better properties than gold standard root canal sealers for clinical use. How to cite this article: Shetty C, Qaiser S, Shetty A, . Evaluation of Microleakage of Nanoparticle-incorporated Cyanoacrylate Root Canal Sealer Using the Radioisotopic Method: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):335-341.
Topics: Dental Leakage; Root Canal Filling Materials; Humans; Nanoparticles; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Confocal; Epoxy Resins; Cyanoacrylates; Root Canal Obturation; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38956848
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3683 -
Contact Dermatitis Jul 2024Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.
BACKGROUND
Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.
OBJECTIVES
To analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity.
METHODS
Test files were screened for positive reactions in the isocyanate series. Patients with positive reactions were analysed for occupation, exposure and diagnosis.
RESULTS
In 2010-2019, 53 patients had positive reactions in the series (16% of 338 patients tested). MDA, the well-established screening substance for MDI allergy, was positive in 30 patients, an in-house monomeric MDI test substance in 23 patients and 3 different polymeric MDI test substances in 19-21 patients. We diagnosed 16 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from MDI including 3 pipe reliners. Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) oligomers in paint hardeners caused 5 cases of OACD, more cases than 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI; n = 3) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI; n = 1) put together.
CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to previous studies, polymeric MDI test substances were not superior to a monomeric MDI. Pipe reliners may get sensitised not only by epoxy products and acrylates but also by MDI in hardeners of PU pipe coatings. HDI oligomers were the second most important causes of OACD after MDI.
PubMed: 38956835
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14621 -
Environmental Entomology Jul 2024Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause tremendous damage to commercially important fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate continuous...
Field longevity of methyl eugenol and cue-lure plugs and associated insecticidal strips: captures of Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.
Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause tremendous damage to commercially important fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate continuous trapping programs which rely on male-specific lures such as trimedlure (TML), methyl eugenol (ME), and cue-lure (CL). Traditionally, these attractants have been applied as liquids to cotton wicks inside traps, although this results in high evaporative loss of the lure. Slow-release, polymeric plugs have been widely adopted for TML, but such devices are not widely used for ME or CL. Recent data, however, suggest that ME and CL plugs may be attractive for as long as 12 wk in the field. The present study investigates whether ME and CL plugs weathered for 18 or 24 wk are effective in capturing males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), respectively. For B. dorsalis, 6 g ME plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh liquid on a wick) after 12 wk of weathering but not after 18 or 24 wk. For Z. cucurbitae, 3 g CL plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh CL plugs) after 12 and 18 wk of weathering but not after 24 wk. The residual content and release rate of the 2 lures were also measured over time, but, with the exception of the residual content of ME, we did not find a direct correlation between these parameters and numbers of flies captured.
PubMed: 38956829
DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae064