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Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2024Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than...
BACKGROUND
Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers.
METHODS
We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses. We investigated personality risk profiles in a longitudinal sample, associating personality at age 14 with onset of mental health symptoms at ages 16 or 19. Diagnostic markers were identified in a sample of young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 58) or bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 47).
RESULTS
Two significant premorbid risk profiles were identified, successively explaining 7.93 % and 5.60 % of shared variance (R). The first combined neuroticism (canonical loading, r = 0.68), openness (r = 0.32), impulsivity (r = 0.29), and conscientiousness (r = 0.27), with future onset of anxiety symptoms (r = 0.87) and dieting (r = 0.58). The other, combined lower agreeableness (r = -0.60) and lower anxiety sensitivity (r = -0.47), with future deliberate self-harm (r = 0.76) and purging (r = 0.55). Personality profiles associated with "core psychopathology" in both AN (R = 80.56 %) and BN diagnoses (R = 64.38 %) comprised hopelessness (r = 0.95, 0.87) and neuroticism (r = 0.93, 0.94). For BN, this profile also included impulsivity (r = 0.60). Additionally, extraversion (r = 0.41) was associated with lower depressive risk in BN.
LIMITATIONS
The samples were not ethnically diverse. The clinical cohort included only females. There was non-random attrition in the longitudinal sample.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest neuroticism and impulsivity as risk and diagnostic markers for EDs, with neuroticism and hopelessness as shared diagnostic markers. They may inform the design of more personalised prevention and intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Personality; Young Adult; Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Male; Neuroticism; Longitudinal Studies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Adult; Impulsive Behavior; Risk Factors; Anxiety; Comorbidity; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38810783
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132 -
Current Biology : CB Jun 2024An epidemic of sleep loss currently affects modern societies worldwide and is implicated in numerous physiological disorders, including pain sensitization, although few...
An epidemic of sleep loss currently affects modern societies worldwide and is implicated in numerous physiological disorders, including pain sensitization, although few studies have explored the brain pathways affected by active sleep deprivation (ASD; e.g., due to recreation). Here, we describe a neural circuit responsible for pain sensitization in mice treated with 9-h non-stress ASD. Using a combination of advanced neuroscience methods, we found that ASD stimulates noradrenergic inputs from locus coeruleus (LC) to glutamatergic neurons of the hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1HL). Moreover, artificial inhibition of this LC→S1HL pathway alleviates ASD-induced pain sensitization in mice, while chemogenetic activation of this pathway recapitulates the pain sensitization observed following ASD. Our study thus implicates activation of the LC→S1HL pathway in ASD-induced pain sensitization, expanding our fundamental understanding of the multisystem interplay involved in pain processing.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Sleep Deprivation; Locus Coeruleus; Pain; Somatosensory Cortex; Male; Norepinephrine; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Adrenergic Neurons; Neurons; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 38810638
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.005 -
PLoS Computational Biology May 2024The dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe are important nuclei involved in similar functions, including mood and sleep, but playing distinct roles. These nuclei have a...
The dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe are important nuclei involved in similar functions, including mood and sleep, but playing distinct roles. These nuclei have a different composition of neuronal types and set of neuronal connections, which among other factors, determine their neuronal dynamics. Most works characterize the neuronal dynamics using classic measures, such as using the average spiking frequency (FR), the coefficient of variation (CV), and action potential duration (APD). In the current study, to refine the characterization of neuronal firing profiles, we examined the neurons within the raphe nuclei. Through the utilization of nonlinear measures, our objective was to discern the redundancy and complementarity of these measures, particularly in comparison with classic methods. To do this, we analyzed the neuronal basal firing profile in both nuclei of urethane-anesthetized rats using the Shannon entropy (Bins Entropy) of the inter-spike intervals, permutation entropy of ordinal patterns (OP Entropy), and Permutation Lempel-Ziv Complexity (PLZC). Firstly, we found that classic (i.e., FR, CV, and APD) and nonlinear measures fail to distinguish between the dynamics of DRN and MRN neurons, except for the OP Entropy. We also found strong relationships between measures, including the CV with FR, CV with Bins entropy, and FR with PLZC, which imply redundant information. However, APD and OP Entropy have either a weak or no relationship with the rest of the measures tested, suggesting that they provide complementary information to the characterization of the neuronal firing profiles. Secondly, we studied how these measures are affected by the oscillatory properties of the firing patterns, including rhythmicity, bursting patterns, and clock-like behavior. We found that all measures are sensitive to rhythmicity, except for the OP Entropy. Overall, our work highlights OP Entropy as a powerful and useful quantity for the characterization of neuronal discharge patterns.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Action Potentials; Neurons; Nonlinear Dynamics; Models, Neurological; Raphe Nuclei; Male; Computational Biology; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38805554
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012111 -
Current Medical Imaging May 2024This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of X-Map reconstruction based on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of X-Map reconstruction based on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
METHODS
Sixty-six cases of suspected AIS patients hospitalized from November, 2021 to April, 2022 were retrospectively selected. DECT, Computed Tomography Perfusion imaging (CTP), Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), and MRI were all performed within 24 hours after symptom onset. As the gold standard for diagnosing AIS, a total of 53 patients were diagnosed with AIS based on the diffusion-weighted imaging positive results in MRI. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of AIS among X-Map, CTP, and CTA.
RESULTS
In the 53 patients with confirmed ASI, a total of 72 lesions were detected, including in the frontal lobes (n=33), parietal lobes (n=7), temporal lobes (n=12), basal ganglia regions (n=12), thalamus (n=3), and pons (n=5). The case detection rate of X-Map for AIS was similar to that of CTP (p=0.151) but was significantly higher than that of CTA (p<0.001). In terms of diagnostic efficacy, among the total 66 patients enrolled, X-Map achieved a higher diagnostic sensitivity (85%) than CTP and CTA. However, CTP achieved the best diagnostic specificity (84.6%) and diagnostic accuracy (77.4%) among the diagnostic tools used.
CONCLUSION
X-Map provides a better or equal clinical value for the diagnosis of AIS as compared to CTA and CTP, respectively, highlighting its potential in clinical applications.
PubMed: 38803185
DOI: 10.2174/0115734056294190240522113039 -
European Journal of Human Genetics :... May 2024Generation and subsequently accessibility of secondary findings (SF) in diagnostic practice is a subject of debate around the world and particularly in Europe. The...
Generation and subsequently accessibility of secondary findings (SF) in diagnostic practice is a subject of debate around the world and particularly in Europe. The French FIND study has been set up to assess patient/parent expectations regarding SF from exome sequencing (ES) and to collect their real-life experience until 1 year after the delivery of results. 340 patients who had ES for undiagnosed developmental disorders were included in this multicenter mixed study (quantitative N = 340; qualitative N = 26). Three groups of actionable SF were rendered: predisposition to late-onset actionable diseases; genetic counseling; pharmacogenomics. Participants expressed strong interest in obtaining SF and a high satisfaction level when a SF is reported. The medical actionability of the SF reinforced parents' sense of taking action for their child and was seen as an opportunity. While we observed no serious psychological concerns, we showed that these results could have psychological consequences, in particular for late-onset actionable diseases SF, within families already dealing with rare diseases. This study shows that participants remain in favor of accessing SF despite the potential psychological, care, and lifestyle impacts, which are difficult to anticipate. The establishment of a management protocol, including the support of a multidisciplinary team, would be necessary if national policy allows the reporting of these data.
PubMed: 38802530
DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01616-9 -
Cureus Apr 2024Background The liver, being the largest internal organ of the body shows a variety of gross morphological variations about lobes, fissures and processes which may be...
Background The liver, being the largest internal organ of the body shows a variety of gross morphological variations about lobes, fissures and processes which may be clinically significant. Among various anatomical variations, the most found is the variant fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis. The present study was done to classify, review, compare and discuss the literature for anomalies in fissures for ligamentum teres hepatis. Methods A total of 100 formalin-preserved human livers were obtained from the Department of Anatomy of King George's Medical University, Lucknow, and studied for one year. Result In our study, 15% of the liver showed morphological variations in fissures for ligamentum teres hepatis. These were classified into four types. In type I (2%), the fissure was converted into a tunnel by pons hepatis. In type II (3%), there was an incomplete fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis extending into the diaphragmatic surface. In type III (4%), there was an incomplete fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis present only on the visceral surface. In type IV (6%), the fissure was covered by a thin membrane. Conclusion In this study of the North Indian population, 15% of liver have gross morphological variations. So thorough anatomical knowledge of the existence of variant or abnormal surface features on the liver is imperative to understanding the underlying pathology for radiologists and surgeons so that a favorable outcome can be achieved.
PubMed: 38800262
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58984 -
Journal of Healthcare Quality Research May 2024The Catalan Health Service carries out the operational planning of service delivery and organization. The goal is to describe the methodology and procedure followed to...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The Catalan Health Service carries out the operational planning of service delivery and organization. The goal is to describe the methodology and procedure followed to perform these functions.
METHODS
The process of operational planning in healthcare services (OPHS) is continuous, dynamic, participatory, objective, and adaptable. OPHS can be divided into three stages prior to implementation and evaluation: Service delivery planning, Organization of healthcare resources, and Procurement planning.
RESULTS
Three examples of projects are presented following the POSS framework. It is essential to adapt the process to the characteristics of each project.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed framework is useful to achieve high quality and equity in access to services.
PubMed: 38797643
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2024.04.007 -
International Journal of Food Sciences... May 2024Over the last decades, the abandonment of traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, represents an important threat for human health and environmental... (Review)
Review
Understanding consumer food choices & promotion of healthy and sustainable Mediterranean diet and lifestyle in children and adolescents through behavioural change actions: the DELICIOUS project.
Over the last decades, the abandonment of traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, represents an important threat for human health and environmental safeguard. The DELICIOUS project aims to promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents by implementing activities and tools to increase the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with an attention to the environmental impacts of the diet. This study protocol describes the DELICIOUS project as a single-arm, uncontrolled behavioural intervention providing formal and non-formal education activities, development of new snacks and recipe reformulation, web/mobile app development, and physical activities to school children and adolescents in five European countries. The project aims to increase awareness of the nutritional benefits and the sustainability aspects of the Mediterranean Diet and to promote consumers' empowerment through an online platform for sustainable and healthy meal planning in the school canteen.
PubMed: 38797529
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2353065 -
Hearing Research Aug 2024Although rats and mice are among the preferred animal models for investigating many characteristics of auditory function, they are rarely used to study an essential...
Although rats and mice are among the preferred animal models for investigating many characteristics of auditory function, they are rarely used to study an essential aspect of binaural hearing: the ability of animals to localize the sources of low-frequency sounds by detecting the interaural time difference (ITD), that is the difference in the time at which the sound arrives at each ear. In mammals, ITDs are mostly encoded in the medial superior olive (MSO), one of the main nuclei of the superior olivary complex (SOC). Because of their small heads and high frequency hearing range, rats and mice are often considered unable to use ITDs for sound localization. Moreover, their MSO is frequently viewed as too small or insignificant compared to that of mammals that use ITDs to localize sounds, including cats and gerbils. However, recent research has demonstrated remarkable similarities between most morphological and physiological features of mouse MSO neurons and those of MSO neurons of mammals that use ITDs. In this context, we have analyzed the structure and neural afferent and efferent connections of the rat MSO, which had never been studied by injecting neuroanatomical tracers into the nucleus. The rat MSO spans the SOC longitudinally. It is relatively small caudally, but grows rostrally into a well-developed column of stacked bipolar neurons. By placing small, precise injections of the bidirectional tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the MSO, we show that this nucleus is innervated mainly by the most ventral and rostral spherical bushy cells of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of both sides, and by the most ventrolateral principal neurons of the ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. The same experiments reveal that the MSO densely innervates the most dorsolateral region of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the central region of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the most lateral region of the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of its own side. Therefore, the MSO is selectively innervated by, and sends projections to, neurons that process low-frequency sounds. The structural and hodological features of the rat MSO are notably similar to those of the MSO of cats and gerbils. While these similarities raise the question of what functions other than ITD coding the MSO performs, they also suggest that the rat MSO is an appropriate model for future MSO-centered research.
Topics: Animals; Superior Olivary Complex; Auditory Pathways; Sound Localization; Axons; Rats; Male; Dextrans; Biotin; Acoustic Stimulation; Efferent Pathways; Olivary Nucleus; Female; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38797037
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109036 -
Nature Communications May 2024About half of the neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) that are activated by CO are located in the external lateral (el) subnucleus, express calcitonin gene-related...
About half of the neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) that are activated by CO are located in the external lateral (el) subnucleus, express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cause forebrain arousal. We report here, in male mice, that most of the remaining CO-responsive neurons in the adjacent central lateral (PBcl) and Kölliker-Fuse (KF) PB subnuclei express the transcription factor FoxP2 and many of these neurons project to respiratory sites in the medulla. PBcl neurons show increased intracellular calcium during wakefulness and REM sleep and in response to elevated CO during NREM sleep. Photo-activation of the PBcl neurons increases respiration, whereas either photo-inhibition of PBcl or genetic deletion of PB/KF neurons reduces the respiratory response to CO stimulation without preventing awakening. Thus, augmenting the PBcl/KF response to CO in patients with sleep apnea in combination with inhibition of the PBel neurons may avoid hypoventilation and minimize EEG arousals.
Topics: Animals; Hypercapnia; Neurons; Male; Parabrachial Nucleus; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Mice; Carbon Dioxide; Wakefulness; Respiration; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Sleep, REM; Repressor Proteins
PubMed: 38796568
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48773-5