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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2017The primary goal of nursing care in cases of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) for digestive tract carcinoma is to prevent phototoxicity by the intravenous...
The primary goal of nursing care in cases of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) for digestive tract carcinoma is to prevent phototoxicity by the intravenous administration of photosensitizers. The adequate protocol and management of patients should be conducted under the instruction of expert physicians. Our experiences of administering porfimer sodium and talaporfin sodium during clinical PDT provide insight regarding the specific management protocol of each photosensitizer during an in-hospital stay. We herein report our nursing protocol based on 15 years of experience. Under adequate management, PDT can be safely performed.
Topics: Cancer Care Facilities; Clinical Protocols; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins
PubMed: 28089923
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.001 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2017Photodynamic therapy (PDT) investigations have seen stable increases and the development of new photosensitizers is a heated topic. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a new...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) investigations have seen stable increases and the development of new photosensitizers is a heated topic. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a new photosensitizer isolated from Photofrin. This article evaluated its anticancer effects by clonogenic assays, MTT assays and xenograft experiments in comparison to Photofrin. The clonogenicity inhibition rates of sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards four human cancer cell lines ranged from 85.5% to 94.2% at 0.5 μg/mL under 630 nm irradiation of 30 mW/cm² for 180 s. For MTT assays, the IC ranges of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human cancer cells were 0.3 μg/mL to 5.5 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL to 0.8 μg/mL under the same irradiation conditions, respectively. The IC values of Photofrin-PDT and sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT towards human skin cells, HaCaT, were 10 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Esophagus carcinoma and hepatoma xenograft models were established to evaluate the in vivo antineoplastic efficacy. A control group, Photofrin-PDT group (20 mg/kg) and sinoporphyrin sodium group at three doses, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, were set. Mice were injected with photosensitizers 24 h before 60 J 630 nm laser irradiation. The tumor weight inhibition ratio of 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT reached approximately 90%. Besides, the tumor growths were significantly slowed down by 2 mg/kg sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT, which was equivalent to 20 mg/kg Photofrin-PDT. In sum, sinoporphyrin sodium-PDT showed great anticancer efficacy and with a smaller dose compared with Photofrin. Further investigations are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Line, Tumor; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Keratinocytes; Lasers, Excimer; Light; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Tumor Burden; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 28085075
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010112 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology Jul 2017This preclinical study examines light fluence, photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose and "apparent reacted singlet oxygen," [ O ] , to predict local control rate (LCR) for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This preclinical study examines light fluence, photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose and "apparent reacted singlet oxygen," [ O ] , to predict local control rate (LCR) for Photofrin-mediated PDT of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumors. Mice bearing RIF tumors were treated with in-air fluences (50-250 J cm ) and in-air fluence rates (50-150 mW cm ) at Photofrin dosages of 5 and 15 mg kg and a drug-light interval of 24 h using a 630-nm, 1-cm-diameter collimated laser. A macroscopic model was used to calculate [ O ] and PDT dose based on in vivo explicit dosimetry of the drug concentration, light fluence and tissue optical properties. PDT dose and [ O ] were defined as a temporal integral of drug concentration and fluence rate, and singlet oxygen concentration consumed divided by the singlet oxygen lifetime, respectively. LCR was stratified for different dose metrics for 74 mice (66 + 8 control). Complete tumor control at 14 days was observed for [ O ] ≥ 1.1 mm or PDT dose ≥1200 μm J cm but cannot be predicted with fluence alone. LCR increases with increasing [ O ] and PDT dose but is not well correlated with fluence. Comparing dosimetric quantities, [ O ] outperformed both PDT dose and fluence in predicting tumor response and correlating with LCR.
Topics: Animals; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Mice, Inbred C3H; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Singlet Oxygen
PubMed: 28083883
DOI: 10.1111/php.12719 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology Mar 2017In prior studies, we have identified the ability of low-level lysosomal photodamage to potentiate the phototoxic effect of subsequent photodamage to mitochondria. The...
In prior studies, we have identified the ability of low-level lysosomal photodamage to potentiate the phototoxic effect of subsequent photodamage to mitochondria. The mechanism involves calpain-mediated cleavage of the autophagy-associated protein ATG5 to form a proapoptotic fragment (tATG5). In this report, we explore the permissible time lag between the two targeting procedures along with the effect of simultaneously targeting both lysosomes and mitochondria. This was found to be as effective as the sequential protocol with no gap between the irradiation steps. Inhibition of calpain reversed the enhanced efficacy of the "simultaneous" protocol. It appears that even a minor level of lysosomal photodamage can have a significant effect on the efficacy of subsequent mitochondrial photodamage. We propose that these results may explain the efficacy of Photofrin, a photosensitizing product that also targets both lysosomes and mitochondria for photodamage.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Cell Line, Tumor; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Light; Lysosomes; Mice; Mitochondria; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 27935055
DOI: 10.1111/php.12692 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Aug 2016Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established modality for cancer treatment, current dosimetric quantities, such as light fluence and PDT dose, do not account...
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established modality for cancer treatment, current dosimetric quantities, such as light fluence and PDT dose, do not account for the differences in PDT oxygen consumption for different fluence rates ( ? ). A macroscopic model was adopted to evaluate using calculated reacted singlet oxygen concentration ( [ O 2 1 ] rx ) to predict Photofrin-PDT outcome in mice bearing radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors, as singlet oxygen is the primary cytotoxic species responsible for cell death in type II PDT. Using a combination of fluences (50, 135, 200, and 250 ?? J / cm 2 ) and ? (50, 75, and 150 ?? mW / cm 2 ), tumor regrowth rate, k , was determined for each condition. A tumor cure index, CI = 1 ? k / k control , was calculated based on the k between PDT-treated groups and that of the control, Available on the SPIE Digital Library.
Topics: Animals; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Models, Biological; Neoplasms, Experimental; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Radiation Dosage; Singlet Oxygen; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 27552311
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.21.8.088002 -
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of... Jul 2016In Japan, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recommended as a treatment option for centrally located early-stage lung cancers (CLELCs). It is a minimally invasive treatment... (Review)
Review
In Japan, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recommended as a treatment option for centrally located early-stage lung cancers (CLELCs). It is a minimally invasive treatment with excellent anti-tumor effects. The 2nd generation photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium has strong anti-tumor effects with much less photosensitivity than porfimer sodium. Moreover, the laser equipment is compact and portable, and talaporfin sodium is now the current mainstay of PDT for lung cancer. For successful PDT, accurate evaluation of tumor extent and bronchial invasion is crucial. Detailed examination of the tumor using autofluorescence bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasonography or optical coherence tomography is extremely useful before PDT. At present, PDT has become the 1st choice of treatment for CLELC in institutions with the necessary equipment. It can also be effective for advanced lung cancer causing tracheobronchial obstruction. With such advances in PDT for CLELC, we are expanding the indications of PDT for not only CLELC, but also peripheral type lung cancer.
Topics: Bronchoscopy; Japan; Lung Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 27440036
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 2016
Review
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Barrett Esophagus; Cladribine; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Ibuprofen; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Mitotane; Orphan Drug Production; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Quinazolines; Thrombocythemia, Essential; Zinc Acetate
PubMed: 27335134
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i2978 -
Oncology Reports Jun 2016Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, destroys tumor blood and lymphatic vessels and induces local inflammation. Although PDT...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, destroys tumor blood and lymphatic vessels and induces local inflammation. Although PDT triggers the release of immunogenic antigens from tumor cells, the degree of immune stimulation is regimen-dependent. The highest immunogenicity is achieved at sub-lethal doses, which at the same time trigger cytoprotective responses, that include increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). To mitigate the cytoprotective effects of GRP78 and preserve the immunoregulatory activity of PDT, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of PDT in combination with EGF-SubA cytotoxin that was shown to potentiate in vitro PDT cytotoxicity by inactivating GRP78. Treatment of immunocompetent BALB/c mice with EGF-SubA improved the efficacy of PDT but only when mice were treated with a dose of EGF-SubA that exerted less pronounced effects on the number of T and B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells in mouse spleens. The observed antitumor effects were critically dependent on CD8+ T cells and were completely abrogated in immunodeficient SCID mice. All these results suggest that GRP78 targeting improves in vivo PDT efficacy provided intact T-cell immune system.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Combined Modality Therapy; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Epidermal Growth Factor; Escherichia coli Proteins; Female; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, SCID; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Subtilisins; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 27035643
DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4723 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2016Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses a light-sensitive compound and laser irradiation, is a light-based oncological treatment modality. PDT offers an alternative, less...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses a light-sensitive compound and laser irradiation, is a light-based oncological treatment modality. PDT offers an alternative, less invasive treatment for various malignant tumors, such as esophageal cancer (EC), through a photochemical reaction induced by photofrin-II or other oncotropic photosensitizers without severe complications. Previous studies has shown that cancerous tissues accumulated more photosensitizers than paired normal tissues, however, whether it is cellular or vascular mechanisms remains unknown. Herein, in vivo and in vitro examinations were performed to study the mechanisms by which photofrin-II effectively and specifically killed EC cells. In this study, EC tissue of patients treated with photofrin-II, human ESCC cellline SHEEC and parental normal cellline SHEE, primary culture cells of EC tissue were used. The concentration of photofrin-II in cells were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results exhibited that accumulation of photofrin-II in cancerous cells were significantly higher than that in non-cancerous cells (p<0.05) under certain dose and time period of incubation of photofrin-II. In summary, our study showed that, photofrin-II specifically accumulated in EC cells in vivo and in vitro after controlling for vascular factors, which provided strong evidence that maybe the cellular factor is the main mechanism by which photofrin-II-mediated PDT selectively caused EC cells death.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 26829562
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.01.011 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2016Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very effective treatment for superficial malignancies that does not result in loss of normal tissue. Here, we report successful PDT...
OBJECTIVES
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very effective treatment for superficial malignancies that does not result in loss of normal tissue. Here, we report successful PDT treatment of superficial oral cancers and its clinical outcome with long-term follow up.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-four superficial oral squamous cell carcinomas were treated with PDT, and the effects were evaluated. Each patient received Photofrin (2mg/kg) intravenously 48h prior to light irradiation. Photoradiation was performed at doses of 100-150J/cm(2) using a 630-nm wavelength excimer dye laser.
RESULTS
Six months after PDT, 30 patients (88.2%) showed complete responses while 9 patients (26.5%) had local relapses during long-term follow-up. The 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival rates were 76.5%, 84.6%, and 63.3%, respectively. Lesions with red patches had a significantly higher recurrence rate than lesions with white patches. Accurate evaluation of the extent of lesions and appropriate photoradiation were important in improving outcomes. Adverse events observed included sunburn and sequestrum formation of alveolar bone. No abnormal laboratory values or systemic complications were observed.
CONCLUSION
PDT using Photofrin as the photosensitizer is an effective treatment modality for superficial oral carcinomas, with excellent healing and minimal side effects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Color; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents; Retrospective Studies; Time; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26747657
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.12.009