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Brain Sciences May 2024Invasive dental procedures, such as wisdom teeth removal, have been identified as potential triggers for vascular events due to the entry of oral bacteria into the...
Invasive dental procedures, such as wisdom teeth removal, have been identified as potential triggers for vascular events due to the entry of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to acute vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This study presents the case of a 27-year-old healthy male who developed ischemic stroke resulting from bacteremia after undergoing wisdom teeth extraction. Initially, the patient experienced fever and malaise, which were followed by right-sided hemiplegia. Diagnostic imaging, including a CT scan, identified a subacute infarction in the posterior crus of the left internal capsule, and MRI findings indicated inflammatory changes in the masticatory muscles. Further investigations involving biopsies of the masticatory muscles, along with blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, confirmed bacterial meningitis with associated vasculitis. Notably, oral bacteria linked to periodontitis, including , , , and , were found in the biopsies and microbiological analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case showing that bacteremia following dental procedures can lead to such severe neurological outcomes. This case underscores the importance of recognizing bacteremia-induced vasculitis in patients presenting with neurological symptoms post-dental procedures, emphasizing the broader implications of oral infections in such pathologies.
PubMed: 38928550
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060550 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has... (Review)
Review
The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has spread over many specialties in dentistry and, thus, has also been gaining popularity in periodontal treatment. Its two main fractions are platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which, since 2014, can also be used via injection as injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It involved searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the phrases ("Root Planing" OR "Subgingival Curettage" OR "Periodontal Debridement") AND ("Platelet-Rich Plasma"). Based on the authors' inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 results were included in the review, out of 1170 total results. The objective of this review was to ascertain the impact of utilizing PRP and i-PRF in SRP. The results revealed that both the incorporation of PRP and i-PRF were found to be significantly associated with are duction in gingival pocket depth and again in clinical attachment level; however, i-PRF demonstrated superiority in improving clinical parameters. Furthermore, i-PRF demonstrated notable bactericidal efficacy against . On the other hand, PRP proved inferior to an Nd:YAG laser in clinical parameter improvement; however, it demonstrated significant efficiency as well. This literature review led the authors to the conclusion that autologous platelet concentrates might be competent agents for improving the therapeutic outcomes of SRP.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Injections
PubMed: 38928026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126319 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Jun 2024This study investigates nanostructured titanium surfaces (Ti2 spikes) that promote the viability of osteoblasts and fibroblasts and prevent bacterial colonisation....
This study investigates nanostructured titanium surfaces (Ti2 spikes) that promote the viability of osteoblasts and fibroblasts and prevent bacterial colonisation. Helium ion irradiation was adopted to produce nanometric-sized cones on titanium. Human osteoblasts (hFOB) and human gingiva fibroblasts (hGF) were used for analysis. A viability and a cytotoxicity assay were conducted to evaluate the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assess cell damage in Ti2 spikes compared to titanium discs with a sandblasted and acid-etched (Ti2 SLA) surface. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the course of the cultivation, both hGF and hFOB demonstrated significantly reduced viability on the Ti2 spikes surface. hGF cells exhibited a slight but significant increase in LDH release. In contrast, hFOB showed reduced cytotoxicity on this surface. On the Ti2 spikes surface, hGF cells exhibited a significant reduction in gene expression of VCL, Src-1, and ITGα5. However, the integrin subunits ITGα1 and ITGα3 showed upregulation on the Ti2 spikes surface. The Ti2 spikes surface significantly increased the expression of almost all osteogenic markers. The results of conventional culturing demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the number of viable cells for S. mutans, F. nucleaum, and greater quantities of P. gingivalis on Ti2 spikes surface compared to control. However, no such reduction was detected for E. coli. The long-term success of implants relies on establishing and maintaining hard and soft peri-implant tissues. Ti2 spikes represent a novel and promising approach to enhance osseointegration and optimize biocompatibility.
PubMed: 38925622
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37768 -
Oral Diseases Jun 2024Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS regulated bone metabolism by triggering dysfunction of osteoblasts directly, and affecting activity of osteoclasts through intracellular...
OBJECTIVES
Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS regulated bone metabolism by triggering dysfunction of osteoblasts directly, and affecting activity of osteoclasts through intracellular communication. Exosome, as the mediator of intercellular communication, was important vesicle to regulate osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This research was designed for investigating the mechanism of BMSCs-EXO in modulating osteoclastic activity under the P. gingivalis-LPS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cytotoxicity and osteogenic effects of P. gingivalis-LPS on BMSCs was evaluated, and then osteoclastic activity of RAW264.7 co-cultured with exosomes was detected. Besides, Affymetrix miRNA array and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target exosomal miRNA signal pathway.
RESULTS
BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation and proliferation were decreased under 1 and 10 μg/mL P. gingivalis-LPS. Osteoclastic-related genes and proteins levels were promoted by P. gingivalis-LPS-stimulated BMSCs-EXO. Based on the miRNA microarray analysis, exosomal miR-151-3p was lessened in BMExo-LPS group, which facilitated osteoclastic differentiation through miR-151-3p/PAFAH1B1.
CONCLUSIONS
Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS could regulated bone metabolism by inhibiting proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs directly. Also, P. gingivalis-LPS-stimulated BMSCs-EXO promoted osteoclastogenesis via activating miR-151-3p/PAFAH1B1 signal pathway.
PubMed: 38923332
DOI: 10.1111/odi.15031 -
Oral Diseases Jun 2024To investigate the correlation between periodontitis and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) from the clinical and microbiological aspects.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the correlation between periodontitis and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) from the clinical and microbiological aspects.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Periodontitis patients (CP group, n = 31) and CSVD patients (CSVD group, n = 30) were examined for neurological and periodontal condition. Subgingival plaque was collected and performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Logistic regression and LASSO regression were used to analyze the periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiota related to CSVD, respectively. Inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were also detected and compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
Clinical attachment level (CAL), teeth number and plaque index demonstrated a significant difference between CP and CSVD group, meanwhile, CAL was independently associated with CSVD. Besides, the microbial richness and composition were distinct between two groups. Five genera related to periodontal pathogens (Treponema, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas) were screened out by LASSO regression, suggesting a potential association with CSVD. Finally, the levels of inflammatory factors in GCF were statistically higher in CSVD group than those in CP group.
CONCLUSIONS
Cerebral small vessel disease patients demonstrated worse periodontal condition, meanwhile the interaction between microbiota dysbiosis and host factors (inflammation) leading to a better understanding of the association between periodontitis and CSVD.
PubMed: 38923260
DOI: 10.1111/odi.15041 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria.
METHODOLOGY
This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM).
RESULTS
PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs.
CONCLUSION
Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation.
Topics: Phyllanthus emblica; Halitosis; Humans; Plant Extracts; Double-Blind Method; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Cytokines; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Time Factors; Male; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Treatment Outcome; Adult; Young Adult; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Fruit; Statistics, Nonparametric; Mouth Mucosa; Analysis of Variance; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 38922243
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0047 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024(1) : Peptides are appealing as pharmacological materials because they are easily produced, safe, and tolerable. Despite increasing gum-care awareness, periodontitis is...
(1) : Peptides are appealing as pharmacological materials because they are easily produced, safe, and tolerable. Despite increasing gum-care awareness, periodontitis is still prevalent and is influenced by factors like high sugar consumption, smoking, and aging. is considered a major etiologic agent of periodontitis and activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) but is absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. (2) : We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of 18 peptides derived from human stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on THP-1 macrophages. Inflammation was induced by , and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed using molecular biological techniques. In a mouse periodontitis model, alveolar bone resorption was assessed using micro-CT. (3) : Of the 18 SDF-1-derived peptides, S10 notably reduced IL-1β and TNF-α secretion. S10 also diminished the -induced expression of NLRP3, AIM2, ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein), caspase-1, and IL-1β. Furthermore, S10 attenuated the enhanced TLR (toll-like receptor) signaling pathway and decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition, S10 mitigated alveolar bone loss in our -induced mouse model of periodontitis. (4) : S10 suppressed TLR/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and the AIM2 inflammasome in our -induced murine periodontitis model, which suggests that it has potential use as a therapeutic treatment for periodontitis.
PubMed: 38921772
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060474 -
Pediatric Reports Jun 2024Periodontal diseases, as an important part of oral pathology, present different characteristics when affecting children and adolescents or young adults. Studies have...
Clinical Study and Microbiological Analysis of Periodontopathogenic Microflora Analyzed among Children and Adolescents with Cardiovascular Diseases Compared to Group with Good General Status.
Periodontal diseases, as an important part of oral pathology, present different characteristics when affecting children and adolescents or young adults. Studies have shown that adolescence and childhood are closely related to a high risk of periodontal disease, but the follow-up for periodontal health or damage at this age has been insufficiently appreciated until now. The aim of this study was to identify subgingival microorganisms using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a group of children and adolescents aged 7-17 years with and without cardiovascular disease. The group of 62 subjects with gingival inflammation and poor hygiene was divided into two groups according to general condition: 31 subjects with carduivascular disease (group A) and 31 subjects without cardiovascular disease (group C). Subjects were examined in the initial consultation, the state of hygiene and periodontal inflammation was assessed using the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), and samples were taken from the gingival sulcus using sterile paper cones to determine nine subgingival microorganisms. Nine subgingival microorganisms were identified: (Aa), (Pg), (Td), (Tf), (Pi), () (Pm), (Fn), (En), and (Cg). The patients were included in a specialist treatment program which aimed to relieve the inflammatory condition, remove local irritative factors, and train the patients to perform proper oral hygiene at home by using primary and secondary oral hygiene products. Subjects were reevaluated 3 months after treatment, when measurements for the PI and GI and microbiological determinations were repeated. The results showed a predominance of subjects aged 16-17 years (12.4%). Among the subjects with marked gingival inflammation, the male gender was predominant (58.06%). The PI values changed considerably after treatment, with lower values in patients presenting a general condition without cardiovascular disease (PI = 8.10%) compared with the patients with cardiovascular disease (PI = 13.77%). After treatment, the GI showed considerable changes in both groups. Red, orange, and purple complex microorganisms were found before treatment and decreased considerably after treatment in both groups. The highest values were found for (140,000 (1.4 × 10)) in patients with cardiovascular disease and generalized gingival inflammation. Of the pathogenic microorganisms, the most common was in 52 patients before treatment, and red microorganisms considerably appeared in only 10 patients after treatment. remained constant both in the diseased state and after treatment and was consistent with periodontal health. Children with cardiovascular diseases had a higher prevalence of gingival manifestations. The composition of the subgingival microbial plaque was directly influenced by the degree of oral hygiene, but the response to specialized treatment was also influenced by the general health status. The results of this study support the conclusion that periodontal pathogens appear and multiply in the absence of proper hygiene in childhood after the eruption of permanent teeth, and their action leads to the initiation of periodontal diseases.
PubMed: 38921706
DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020041 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in both humans and dogs. Although there have been reports of cross-infection of periodontopathic bacteria, methods for assessing...
Periodontal disease is highly prevalent in both humans and dogs. Although there have been reports of cross-infection of periodontopathic bacteria, methods for assessing it have yet to be established. The actual status of cross-infection remains to be seen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of bacterial DNA and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer assays to assess infection of human-pathogenic and dog-pathogenic species in dogs. Four experimental beagles were used for establishing methods. Sixty-six companion dogs at veterinary clinics visiting for treatment and prophylaxis of periodontal disease were used and divided into healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis groups. Periodontal pathogens such as and were investigated as target bacteria. DNA levels of both bacteria were measured using species-specific primers designed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum IgG titers of both bacteria were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PCR primers were confirmed to have high sensitivity and specificity. However, there was no relationship between the amount of bacterial DNA and the severity of the periodontal disease. In addition, dogs with periodontitis had higher IgG titers against both bacteria compared to dogs in the healthy and gingivitis groups; there was cross-reactivity between the two bacteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of IgG titers against both bacteria showed high sensitivity (>90 %) and specificity (>75 %). Since both bacteria were distinguished by DNA assays, the combination of these assays may be useful in the evaluation of cross-infection.
PubMed: 38919974
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31872 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The human oral microbiome may play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this scoping review was to examine microbial diversity and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The human oral microbiome may play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this scoping review was to examine microbial diversity and differences in the composition of the oral microbiome between OSCC patients and healthy controls.
METHODS
A literature search (in PubMed and Embase.com) was performed on January 9, 2023. The outcome variables used from the included studies of this review were alpha- and beta diversity and oral microbiome composition profiles for each taxonomic level (phylum-, class-, order-, genus- and species level).
RESULTS
Thirteen out of 423 studies were included in this review compromising 1,677 subjects, of which 905 (54.0%) were OSCC patients and 772 (46.0%) were healthy controls. Most studies found a higher alpha diversity in the OSCC patient group and significantly different beta diversities between OSCC patient samples and healthy control samples. Studies reported more abundant (on phylum level), (on genus level), and (on species level) in OSCC patients. The healthy control group had more abundant (on phylum level), and (on genus level) and (on species level) according to most studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show differences in oral microbiome diversity and composition in OSCC patients. Clinical implications demand continuing study. Development of internationally accepted standard procedures for oral sample collection and oral microbiota analysis is needed for more conclusive and clinically relevant comparisons in future research.
PubMed: 38919733
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1366153