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The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on...
BACKGROUND
The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on halitosis and the oral bacterial species associated with halitosis in patients with obesity.
METHODS
This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that examined patients before and after sleeve gastrectomy and followed the patients at three time intervals (1, 3, and 6 months) after sleeve gastrectomy. Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) were obtained. In addition, plaque samples were collected for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, breath samples were collected to analyze the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), namely hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), via portable gas chromatography (Oral Chroma™).
RESULTS
Of the 43 patients initially included, 39 completed the study, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 10.4 years. For PI and GI repeated measurements one way analysis of variance showed a significant increase (p-value < 0.001 for both) one month after surgery, with mean values of 1.3 and 1.59, respectively, compared to the baseline. During the same period, the number of increased, with a p-value = 0.04. Similarly, the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) increased significantly in the first month after surgery (p-value = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that sleeve gastrectomy may lead to increased halitosis one month post-surgery, attributed to elevated and counts, contributing to the development of gingivitis in obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. This emphasizes the importance of including oral health professionals in the multidisciplinary team for the management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38883904
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.005 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for...
Wild bitter melon () extracts were prepared and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm assay were investigated against two different periodontopathic bacteria ( and ) for the first time to the best of our knowledge based on the presence of different phytochemical compounds. solvent extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory studies on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation were performed. Molecular docking was investigated between the bioactive compound (Charantadiol A) of plant extract and biofilm-expressing genes in each test organism. Phytochemicals from ethanol extract showed promising results; alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were found present at considerable levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 400 μg/mL for and . Antibacterial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition showed 14 mm to 18 mm zones against the test organisms. The molecular docking report revealed the maximum binding energy of about -6.54 Kcal/Mol of binding energy between Charantadiol A and fimA of . Anti-biofilm study showed that the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of expressed significantly good results against the test organisms. The PDL cell viability values expressed in percentage indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of extracts at three different known concentrations. The findings concluded that extracts have promising prospects as an anti-periodontopathic and anti-inflammatory agent.
PubMed: 38882883
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_512_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using...
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of and - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity.
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of and . During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of and composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against and , respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against and , respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in and , respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - and . Amplification of and genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, of . The target protein, of , and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
PubMed: 38882878
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The majority of species previously categorized as Bacteroides have been reassigned into new genera. Bacteroides levii (Holdeman, Cato, and Mooretaxonomic)'s status has... (Review)
Review
The majority of species previously categorized as Bacteroides have been reassigned into new genera. Bacteroides levii (Holdeman, Cato, and Mooretaxonomic)'s status has remained uncertain. This species shares a high degree of similarity with members of the genus Porphyromonas based on biochemical, chemical, and comparative 16s rRNA sequence analysis. As a result, Bacteroides levii (Holdeman, Cato, and Moore) was reclassified as comb. now under the genus Porphyromonas.
PubMed: 38882857
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1106_23 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Bone regeneration plays a pivotal role in periodontal tissue repair. With advancements in biotechnology materials, the utilization of nanotechnology offers a reliable...
The nano-artificial periosteum made of PCL/MgO/AS-IV enhances MC3T3-E1 cell osteogenic differentiation and promotes bone defect repair via the EphB4/EphrinB2 signaling pathway.
Bone regeneration plays a pivotal role in periodontal tissue repair. With advancements in biotechnology materials, the utilization of nanotechnology offers a reliable platform for bone restoration in periodontitis. In this study, we successfully established a long-term bacterial infection model using () with MOI = 50. CCK-8 and ROS immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the combined effect of Mg and AS-IV significantly enhanced cell proliferation and effectively suppressed the inflammatory response during bacterial infection. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining revealed that the synergistic action of Mg and AS-IV notably promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under -infected conditions. Considering the properties of these two biomaterials, we fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) artificial periosteum loaded with MgO and AS-IV using an electrostatic spinning technique. The findings indicated that PCL/MgO/AS-IV artificial periosteum exhibited excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, thereby substantially enhancing cellular adhesion to its surface as well as augmenting cellular value-added rate. Moreover, efficient drug release from the PCL/MgO/AS-IV artificial bone membrane conferred remarkable antimicrobial activity along with in vitro osteogenic potentiality. The in vivo experiments conducted on animals further substantiated the exceptional properties exhibited by PCL/MgO/AS-IV artificial periosteum in bone defect repair. Additionally, it was observed that PCL/MgO/AS-IV artificial periosteum could modulate EphB4-EphrinB2 signaling to enhance osteogenic differentiation under -infected conditions.This exciting outcome suggests that PCL/MgO/AS-IV artificial periosteum holds great promise as a biomaterial for treating periodontal bone loss.
PubMed: 38882277
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32036 -
Molecular Biology Reports Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the impact of scaling and root surface debridement (SRP) on salivary bacterial counts and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of scaling and root surface debridement (SRP) on salivary bacterial counts and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis, with a focus on clinical significance.
METHODS
An observational trial included 24 chronic periodontitis patients, eleven of them were hypertensive patients. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was administered to all patients, with clinical parameters including gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) recorded. Saliva samples were collected before and after SRP to quantify total bacterial counts and specific bacterial counts.
RESULTS
Two months following SRP, PI and PPD in every subject under study demonstrated good responses. In hypertension patients, the salivary bacterial count was significantly higher following SRP (P = 0.0221). The incidence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in hypertension patients significantly decreased after treatment (P = 0.0386). Despite this, there was no discernible decrease in blood pressure following treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
SRP alone was ineffective in reducing overall bacterial counts, but P. gingivalis levels responded favorably. Regular periodontal assessment is crucial for hypertensive individuals to mitigate cardiovascular risk.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Periodontal therapy in hypertensive patients may improve oral health but might not significantly impact blood pressure. Regular periodontal evaluation is essential for managing cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Hypertension; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Saliva; Dental Scaling; Adult; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Bacterial Load; Blood Pressure; Periodontal Index; Debridement; Aged
PubMed: 38874801
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09687-z -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024, a member of the "red complex" bacteria implicated in severe periodontitis, employs various survival strategies and virulence factors to interact with the host. It...
, a member of the "red complex" bacteria implicated in severe periodontitis, employs various survival strategies and virulence factors to interact with the host. It thrives as a late colonizer in the oral biofilm, relying on its unique adaptation mechanisms for persistence. Essential to its survival are the type 9 protein secretion system and -glycosylation of proteins, crucial for host interaction and immune evasion. Virulence factors of , including sialidase and proteases, facilitate its pathogenicity by degrading host glycoproteins and proteins, respectively. Moreover, cell surface glycoproteins like the S-layer and BspA modulate host responses and bacterial adherence, influencing colonization and tissue invasion. Outer membrane vesicles and lipopolysaccharides further induce inflammatory responses, contributing to periodontal tissue destruction. Interactions with specific host cell types, including epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes macrophages, and mesenchymal stromal cells, highlight the multifaceted nature of pathogenicity. Notably, it can invade epithelial cells and impair PMN function, promoting dysregulated inflammation and bacterial survival. Comparative studies with periodontitis-associated reveal differences in protease activity and immune modulation, suggesting distinct roles in disease progression. potential to influence oral antimicrobial defense through protease-mediated degradation and interactions with other bacteria underscores its significance in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, understanding precise role in host-microbiome interactions and its classification as a keystone pathogen requires further investigation. Challenges in translating research data stem from the complexity of the oral microbiome and biofilm dynamics, necessitating comprehensive studies to elucidate its clinical relevance and therapeutic implications in periodontitis management.
PubMed: 38872984
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1434217 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Jun 2024Prospective, parallel, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
DESIGN
Prospective, parallel, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
CASE SELECTION
Participants were at least 30 years old, who were systemically healthy, with stages III-IV, grades B-C periodontitis.
DATA ANALYSIS
Of the 50 eligible individuals for the study, 40 were divided into 2 equal groups. The test group received doses of 500 mg of metronidazole, while the control group received a placebo, both administered three times a day for 7 days, commencing immediately after periodontal surgery. All patients were followed up at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-surgery. The study utilized probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index as parameters for determining the outcomes at each assessment. Microbiological samples were collected for the detection and quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia DNA. In order to analyze quantitative variables in a comparison between the test and control groups, Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized. For categorical results, chi-square or Fisher tests were employed. For both probing depth and clinical attachment level, repeated measures ANOVA was used. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The study found statistically significant differences for probing depth (mean difference, MD = 0.31 mm, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.13; 0.49]; p = 0.001) and clinical attachment level (MD = 0.64 mm, 95% CI [0.02; 1.27]; p = 0.044) only 3 months after surgery, with a reduction observed in the test group. However, despite being statistically significant, these results lack clinical relevance.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the study found statistically significant results for clinical attachment level (MD = 0.66 mm, 95% CI [0.01; 1.31]; p = 0.045) and probing depth (MD = 0.28 mm, 95% CI [0.09; 0.46]; p = 0.004), these findings do not represent clinically significant gains. Therefore, no evidence was demonstrated to support the use of systemic metronidazole as adjunctive therapy to periodontal surgery.
PubMed: 38867103
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-01027-1 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in...
INTRODUCTION
Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in various health contexts.
METHODS
In this study, we utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to conduct species-level identification of the microorganisms in the oral cavity of a giant panda () with oral malignant fibroma.
RESULTS
We observed a significant difference between the microbial community of the tumor side and non-tumor side of the oral cavity of the giant panda, with the latter exhibiting higher microbial diversity. The tumor side was dominated by specific microorganisms, such as , sp. feline oral taxon 110, sp. feline oral taxon 100, and sp. feline oral taxon 078, that have been reported to be associated with tumorigenic processes and periodontal diseases in other organisms. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, more than 9 distinct biomarkers were obtained between the tumor side and non-tumor side samples. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the oral microbiota of the giant panda was significantly associated with genetic information processing and metabolism, particularly cofactor and vitamin, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, a significant bacterial invasion of epithelial cells was predicted in the tumor side.
DISCUSSION
This study provides crucial insights into the association between oral microbiota and oral tumors in giant pandas and offers potential biomarkers that may guide future health assessments and preventive strategies for captive and aging giant pandas.
Topics: Ursidae; Animals; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Porphyromonas; Campylobacter; Mouth; Fusobacterium; Fibroma; Neisseria; Mouth Neoplasms; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 38863832
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356907 -
Open Biology Jun 2024Gram-negative bacteria from the Bacteroidota phylum possess a type-IX secretion system (T9SS) for protein secretion, which requires cargoes to have a C-terminal domain...
Gram-negative bacteria from the Bacteroidota phylum possess a type-IX secretion system (T9SS) for protein secretion, which requires cargoes to have a C-terminal domain (CTD). Structurally analysed CTDs are from proteins RgpB, HBP35, PorU and PorZ, which share a compact immunoglobulin-like antiparallel 3+4 β-sandwich (β1-β7). This architecture is essential as a strain with a single-point mutant of RgpB disrupting the interaction of the CTD with its preceding domain prevented secretion of the protein. Next, we identified the C-terminus ('motif C-t.') and the loop connecting strands β3 and β4 ('motif Lβ3β4') as conserved. We generated two strains with insertion and replacement mutants of PorU, as well as three strains with ablation and point mutants of RgpB, which revealed both motifs to be relevant for T9SS function. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of the CTD of mirolase, a cargo of the T9SS which shares the same general topology as in CTDs. However, motif Lβ3β4 was not conserved. Consistently, could not properly secrete a chimaeric protein with the CTD of peptidylarginine deiminase replaced with this foreign CTD. Thus, the incompatibility of the CTDs between these species prevents potential interference between their T9SSs.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Secretion Systems; Models, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Amino Acid Sequence; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Domains; Bacteroidetes; Tannerella forsythia; Structure-Activity Relationship; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 38862016
DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230448