-
Carbohydrate Research Jul 2024Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites... (Review)
Review
Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites that contribute to bacterial persistence and virulence in the oral cavity. In addition to causing various periodontal diseases, certain oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can induce inflammatory reactions and influence the immunity of host cells. These associations with host cells are linked to various diseases, particularly colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Sialic acid can be found in the host oral mucosa, saliva, or food residues in the oral cavity, and it may promote the colonization of oral bacteria and contribute to disease development. This review aims to summarize the role of sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria and discuss its effect on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Colorectal Neoplasms; Mouth; Bacteria; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Animals
PubMed: 38823062
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109172 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2024Microbiota may be associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. However, it is not known the predictive value of microbial biomarkers combining...
BACKGROUND
Microbiota may be associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. However, it is not known the predictive value of microbial biomarkers combining epidemiological factors for the early detection of ESCC and precancerous lesions.
METHODS
A total of 449 specimens (esophageal swabs and saliva) were collected from 349 participants with different esophageal statuses in China to explore and validate ESCC-associated microbial biomarkers from genes level to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
A bacterial biomarker panel including Actinomyces graevenitzii (A.g_1, A.g_2, A.g_3, A.g_4), Fusobacteria nucleatum (F.n_1, F.n_2, F.n_3), Haemophilus haemolyticus (H.h_1), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g_1, P.g_2, P.g_3) and Streptococcus australis (S.a_1) was explored by metagenomic sequencing to early detect the participants in Need group (low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and ESCC) vs participants without these lesions as the Noneed group. Significant quantitative differences existed for each microbial target in which the detection efficiency rate was higher in saliva than esophageal swab. In saliva, the area under the curve (AUC) based on the microbial biomarkers (A.g_4 ∩ P.g_3 ∩ H.h_1 ∩ S.a_1 ∩ F.n_2) was 0.722 (95% CI 0.621-0.823) in the exploration cohort. Combining epidemiological factors (age, smoking, drinking, intake of high-temperature food and toothache), the AUC improved to 0.869 (95% CI 0.802-0.937) in the exploration cohort, which was validated with AUC of 0.757 (95% CI 0.663-0.852) in the validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to combine microbial biomarkers in saliva and epidemiological factors to early detect ESCC and precancerous lesions in China.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; China; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Early Detection of Cancer; Aged; Saliva; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Biomarkers, Tumor; Adult; Metagenomics; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 38819499
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02117-8 -
World Journal of Hepatology May 2024Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists... (Review)
Review
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, , a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
PubMed: 38818294
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688 -
Cureus Apr 2024is the primary microbe in the "periodontal red complex" bacteria (PRCB) along with and , which are linked to periodontal disease (PD). These pathogens are also... (Review)
Review
is the primary microbe in the "periodontal red complex" bacteria (PRCB) along with and , which are linked to periodontal disease (PD). These pathogens are also implicated in various systemic disorders, but their association with the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is less explored. A systematic review followed by a meta-analysis was conducted as per standard guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2022) to find this association between GI cancers and PRCB after a literature search for full-text papers in the English language (between 2010 and 2023) in databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science) with suitable keywords using the Boolean search strategy. Data extraction involved titles, abstracts, and full texts retrieved and scored by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The data were analyzed by the Review Manager (RevMan 5.2, Cochrane Collaboration, Denmark). Standard Cochran Q test and I statistics (for heterogeneity) and a random effects model (pooled OR with 95% CI) were applied to report results. among the PRCB was linked to GI cancers (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.34-3.47). and did not show meaningful associations as per existing evidence for GI cancers.
PubMed: 38813341
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59251 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The study aims to systematically identify the alterations in gut microbiota that observed in gastric cancer through comprehensive assessment of case-control studies.
OBJECTIVES
The study aims to systematically identify the alterations in gut microbiota that observed in gastric cancer through comprehensive assessment of case-control studies.
METHODS
The systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify case-control studies that compared the microbiomes of individuals with and without gastric cancer. Quality of included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Meta-analyses utilized a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess study heterogeneity. All data analyses were performed using the "metan" package in Stata 17.0, and the results were described using log odds ratios (log ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 33 studies involving 4,829 participants were eligible for analysis with 29 studies provided changes in α diversity and 18 studies reported β diversity. Meta-analysis showed that only the Shannon index demonstrated statistical significance for α-diversity [-5.078 (-9.470, -0.686)]. No significant differences were observed at the phylum level, while 11 bacteria at genus-level were identified significant changed, e.g., increasing in [5.474, (0.949, 9.999)] and [5.095, (0.293, 9.897)] and decreasing in and with the same [-8.602, (-11.396, -5.808)]. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the changes of 9 bacterial genus were robust. Subgroup analyses on countries revealed an increasing abundance of and in Koreans with gastric cancer, whereas those with gastric cancer from Portugal had a reduced . Regarding the sample sources, the study observed an increase in and in the gastric mucosa of people with gastric cancer, alongside and . However, the relative abundance of decreased compared to the non-gastric cancer group, which was indicated in fecal samples.
CONCLUSION
This study identified robust changes of 9 bacterial genus in people with gastric cancer, which were country-/sample source-specific. Large-scale studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these changes.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Unique Identifier: CRD42023437426 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023437426.
PubMed: 38812681
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406526 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2024Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIM
Scaling and root planing remain inadequate in periodontitis treatment caused by dysbiotic microbial dental plaque. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and kefir consumption in initial periodontal therapy (IPT) on oral microbiota composition and treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in the Gazi University Department of Periodontology, including a sample size of 36 individuals and utilizing a randomized controlled design. Thirty-six patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: one receiving probiotic treatment, another receiving kefir, and a third serving as the control group. Obtaining subgingival microbial samples, we recorded plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (periodontal clinical indices) and then performed IPT. For 14 days, patients took either probiotics, kefir, or no supplements. Data for the first and third months were collected using periodontal clinical indices. DNA sequencing was performed to detect , , and in subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline and three months.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed regarding periodontal clinical indices among groups in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, levels of were significantly decreased in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Kefir can be administered in addition to IPT, providing results similar to those observed with probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Male; Dysbiosis; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Kefir; Tannerella forsythia; Periodontitis; Treponema denticola; Periodontal Index; Treatment Outcome; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38812644
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5798 -
Experimental Animals May 2024The study aimed to evaluate the periodontal disease status in different age groups and clarify the relationship between aging and the severity of periodontal disease....
The study aimed to evaluate the periodontal disease status in different age groups and clarify the relationship between aging and the severity of periodontal disease. The test animals were cynomolgus monkeys that were born and raised at the Tsukuba Primate Research Center of the National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition. The participants were divided into three groups: young (5-10 years old), middle (10-19 years old), and old (≥20 years old). The plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were used for the periodontal examination. Representative teeth were also examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify Porphyromonas macacae in dental plaque. Multiple comparisons and regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between each age group and each oral examination index. Statistically significant differences were found between the age groups and periodontal examination index. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age was strongly correlated with each oral examination index. Based on these results, oral examinations of cynomolgus monkeys kept in the same environment confirmed an association between aging and periodontal disease severity. Monkeys at this facility are expected to serve as new experimental models for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the progression of age-related periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38811232
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0141 -
Journal of Periodontal Research May 2024Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) in women; however, the causal relationship or the exact mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to...
AIM
Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) in women; however, the causal relationship or the exact mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the oral microbiome features of mothers with full-term birth (FTB) with those who had preterm delivery.
METHODS
This study prospectively enrolled 60 women (30 mothers with PTB and 30 mothers with FTB), and subgingival plaque samples were collected and analysed by metagenomic 16S rDNA sequencing. Clinical measurements, including periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, modified gingival index (mGI) and plaque index, were performed to determine the periodontal state of the participants. Medical and obstetric data were collected as well.
RESULTS
Among the periodontal measurements, mGI score, reflecting the level of gingival inflammation, exhibited a statistically significant association with PTB (adjusted odds ratio 2.705, 95% confidence interval 1.074-6.811, p = .035). When subgroup analysis was conducted based on mean mGI scores (mGI ≥ 2, high inflammation [HI] versus mGI < 2, low inflammation [LI]), microbiome analysis revealed clear distinctions in microbial compositions between PTB and FTB mothers in both the HI and LI groups. Especially in the HI group, alpha diversity exhibited a decreasing trend in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers. Beta diversity also revealed significant differences between the two groups. In Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis, certain anaerobic taxa, including the genera Spirochaetes, Treponema and Porphyromonas, were relatively abundant in the FTB/HI group, whereas the PTB/HI group showed a high abundance of the order Actinomycetales. Network analysis showed that the FTB/HI had relatively stronger connectivity in microbial composition than the PTB/HI group. Dysbiosis ratio of plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was significantly lower in PTB/HI group compared to FTB/HI group.
CONCLUSION
The compositions of maternal subgingival microbiomes differed between PTB and FTB mothers in both the high and low levels of gingival inflammation groups. In the presence of high level of gingival inflammation, dysbiosis in plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was decreased in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers.
PubMed: 38808521
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13292 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Jun 2024To clarify the potential correlation between biological changes of meninges in periodontitis mice and cognitive impairment by analyzing the biological changes of...
To clarify the potential correlation between biological changes of meninges in periodontitis mice and cognitive impairment by analyzing the biological changes of meninges in periodontitis mice using single-cell RNA sequencing. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups by using random number table method (15 mice in each group). Mice in the control group were locally administered 2% carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) without (Pg) on both buccal sides. A mixture of Pg W83 and 2% CMC was applied on both buccal sides in the experimental group mice three times a week, lasting for 16 weeks in total. The absorption of alveolar bone, locomotor activity and cognitive function, the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the cortex were observed and assessed. The mRNA expression levels of Occludin in meninges and brain were detected in two groups. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of meninges were processed by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). Differential genes expressions of endothelial cells were processed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. In addition, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the expressions of transcription activating factor 3 (Atf3) and apolpoprotein L domain-containing 1 (Apold 1). Methylene blue staining found the distances of buccal and palatal cement-enamel junction-alveolar bone crest in experimental mice [(185.60±17.60), (206.90±13.37) μm] increased significantly compared with the control group [(135.33±9.57), (163.05±14.98) μm] (5.02, 0.002; 4.37, 0.005). Open field experiment showed the total distance and average speed of mice in the experimental group [(971.88±164.57) cm, (3.25±0.55) cm/s] were not statistically significant compared with the control group [(914.24±278.81) cm, (3.05±0.93) cm/s] (0.65, 0.525; 0.65, 0.520). The recognition index of the experimental group [(48.02±16.92) %] was lower than the control group [(66.27±17.90) %] (2.40, 0.027) by novel object recognition tests. Compared with the control group [(63.56±11.88) %], the alternation of experimental group [(50.99±14.17) %] was significantly decreased in Y maze tests (2.33, 0.030). Immunohistochemistry results showed microglia and astrocytes were activated in the cortex of experimental mice. Compared with the control group (1.02±0.25, 1.04±0.31), the relative mRNA expressions of Occludin decreased significantly in the meninges and brain of periodontitis mice, respectively (0.61±0.10, 0.64±0.20) (3.47, 0.010; 2.66, 0.024). By single-cell RNA sequencing, meninges cells were divided into 11 types, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells and so on. Endothelial cells were the main cell types in meninges [the control group: 26.47% (1 589/6 004), the experimental group: 26.26% (807/3 073)]. Compared with the control group [5.56% (334/6 004)], the percentage of granulocytes increased in the periodontitis mice [11.65% (358/3 073)]. Using clustering analysis to further focus on endothelial cells, GO enrichment analysis revealed differential genes were mainly related to angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis and so on. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes were related to signaling pathways of interleukin-17, relaxin and so on. The relative mRNA expressions of Atf3 and Apold1 in meninges of periodontitis mice (0.42±0.24, 0.54±0.27) were significantly lower than the control group (1.03±0.26, 1.02±0.23) (3.88, 0.005; 3.02, 0.017). The mice chronically infected with Pg W83 occurred memory impairment, neuroinflammation and changes of barrier function. In the meninges of periodontitis mice, there were infiltration of immune cells and down-regulation expressions of Atf3 and Apold1 by single-cell RNA sequencing. Meningeal immunity and changes of barrier function may play an important role in the cognitive impairment caused by periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Meninges; Cognitive Dysfunction; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Alveolar Bone Loss; Microglia; Transcriptome; Single-Cell Analysis; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex
PubMed: 38808420
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231102-00234 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024() is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe...
() is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe cases of periodontal disease can result in advanced periodontitis, leading to tissue degradation, tooth loss, and may also correlate with higher gastric cancer (GC) risk. In fact, tooth loss is associated with an elevated risk of cancer. However, the clinical evidence for this association remains inconclusive. Periodontitis is also characterized by chronic inflammation and upregulation of members of the Programmed Death 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) axis that leads to an immunosuppressive state. Given that chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are conditions that facilitate cancer progression and carcinogenesis, we hypothesize that oral and/or its virulence factors serve as a mechanistic link between oral health and gastric carcinogenesis/GC progression. We also discuss the potential impact of ' virulence factors (gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fimbriae) on inflammation and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC which are part of the current standard of care for advanced stage patients.
PubMed: 38807771
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1403089