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Minerva Dental and Oral Science Jul 2024Oral cancer is a serious health issue in both the developing and developed worlds, and it is one of the most common forms of cancer of the head and neck. In accordance...
BACKGROUND
Oral cancer is a serious health issue in both the developing and developed worlds, and it is one of the most common forms of cancer of the head and neck. In accordance with the 2017 World Health Organization classification, oral cancer can affect any part of the mouth, including the buccal mucosa, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the lip, the palate, the vestibule, the alveolus, the floor of the mouth, and the gingivae. Hematology and electrolyte balance have been proposed as tumor indicators and paths into cancer's genesis. Examining the patient's blood count and electrolyte levels in order to better understand their oral cancer.
METHODS
Electrolyte abnormalities are common in cancer patients and may be caused by the disease itself or by treatment. Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte problem in cancer patients, and it is typically caused by the syndrome of improper ADH secretion. Although electrolyte problems are associated with a worse prognosis for cancer patients, timely and effective therapy has the potential to enhance both short- and long-term results and quality of life. Hematological tests on patients with oral cancer, including differential cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin level.
RESULTS
Compared to healthy controls, oral cancer patients show statistically significant differences in a number of biochemical parameters, including electrolytes (sodium, P<0.05; potassium, P=0.89; chloride, P<0.05); differential count (neutrophils, P<0.05; basophils, P<0.05). A significant risk factor for cancer patients is an electrolyte imbalance, which has been linked to inappropriate anti-diabetic hormone release.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians will find these shifts in electrolytic level helpful in diagnosing and tracking oral cancer. Potentially malignant oral disorders and Oral squamous cell carcinoma may be better predicted using a combination of TLC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, as shown in this study.
PubMed: 38953794
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04902-7 -
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and... Jul 2024The concentration of intracellular and extracellular potassium is tightly regulated due to the action of various ion transporters, channels, and pumps, which reside... (Review)
Review
The concentration of intracellular and extracellular potassium is tightly regulated due to the action of various ion transporters, channels, and pumps, which reside primarily in the kidney. Yet, potassium transporters and cotransporters play vital roles in all organs and cell types. Perhaps not surprisingly, defects in the biogenesis, function, and/or regulation of these proteins are linked to range of catastrophic human diseases, but to date, few drugs have been approved to treat these maladies. In this review, we discuss the structure, function, and activity of a group of potassium-chloride cotransporters, the KCCs, as well as the related sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporters, the NKCCs. Diseases associated with each of the four KCCs and two NKCCs are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on how these complex membrane proteins fold and mature in the endoplasmic reticulum, how non-native forms of the cotransporters are destroyed in the cell, and which cellular factors oversee their maturation and transport to the cell surface. When known, we also outline how the levels and activities of each cotransporter are regulated. Open questions in the field and avenues for future investigations are further outlined.
PubMed: 38946646
DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2369986 -
Blood Pressure Monitoring Aug 2024Current international guidelines recommend home blood pressure (BP) measurement and low sodium and high potassium intakes for the management of hypertension. We... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVE
Current international guidelines recommend home blood pressure (BP) measurement and low sodium and high potassium intakes for the management of hypertension. We hypothesized that increased home BP measurement may result in more effective management of sodium and potassium intakes and BP.
METHODS
We examined associations of home BP measurement days with changes in the urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio, estimated salt and potassium intakes and BP. We included 209 healthy participants (mean age, 55.9 years; 56.5% women) from a prospective cohort study. We examined 1-year data on self-measured home BP and spot urine samples.
RESULTS
Median (interquartile range) days of home BP measurement was 324 (225-358) over 1-year. Baseline mean (SD) Na/K ratio, salt and potassium intakes, morning and evening SBP, and morning and evening DBP were 3.8 (2.3), 8.5 (1.9) g/day, 1833.5 (416.5) mg/day, 120.4 (14.0) mmHg, 118.2 (14.2) mmHg, 79.2 (10.1) mmHg, and 76.2 (10.1) mmHg, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression , β (standard error) per 10 days increase in number of home BP measurement were -0.031 (0.017) for Na/K ratio, -0.036 (0.015) for salt intake, -1.357 (2.797) for potassium intake, -0.178 (0.064) for morning SBP, -0.079 (0.041) for morning DBP, -0.109 (0.067) for evening SBP and -0.099 (0.045) for evening DBP. Additionally, relationships persisted for men and women, but changes in salt intake were more pronounced among participants taking antihypertensive medication (interaction P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Continuous measurement of home BP may lead not only to self-monitoring of BP, but also to declines in salt intakes and some BP indices.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Blood Pressure; Potassium; Sodium; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Adult; Potassium, Dietary; Aged; Hypertension; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 38946332
DOI: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000705 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim to genetically improve...
Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim to genetically improve barley's adaptation to salinity stress by deeply studying the effects of salt stress and the responses of barley to this stress. In this context, our study aims to explore the variation in physiological and biochemical responses of five Tunisian spring barley genotypes to salt stress during the heading phase. Two salinity treatments were induced by using 100 mM NaCl (T1) and 250 mM NaCl (T2) in the irrigation water. Significant phenotypic variations were detected among the genotypes in response to salt stress. Plants exposed to 250 mM of NaCl showed an important decline in all studied physiological parameters namely, gas exchange, ions concentration and relative water content RWC. The observed decreases in concentrations ranged from, approximately, 6.64% to 40.76% for K, 5.91% to 43.67% for Na, 14.12% to 52.38% for Ca, and 15.22% to 38.48% for Mg across the different genotypes and salt stress levels. However, under salinity conditions, proline and soluble sugars increased for all genotypes with an average increase of 1.6 times in proline concentrations and 1.4 times in soluble sugars concentration. Furthermore, MDA levels rose also for all genotypes, with the biggest rise in Lemsi genotype (114.27% of increase compared to control). Ardhaoui and Rihane showed higher photosynthetic activity compared to the other genotypes across all treatments. The stepwise regression approach identified potassium content, K/Na ratio, relative water content, stomatal conductance and SPAD measurement as predominant traits for thousand kernel weight (R2 = 84.06), suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress in barley. Overall, at heading stage, salt accumulation in irrigated soils with saline water significantly influences the growth of barley by influencing gas exchange parameters, mineral composition and water content, in a genotype-dependent manner. These results will serve on elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these variations to facilitate targeted improvements in barley's tolerance to salt stress.
Topics: Hordeum; Salt Stress; Water; Minerals; Genotype; Salinity; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 38942909
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65967-5 -
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Jun 2024To assess the effects of Thunbergia laurifolia L. extract (TLE) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a rat model.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of Thunbergia laurifolia L. extract (TLE) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a rat model.
METHODS
Thunbergia laurifolin L. leaves were subjected to ethanolic extraction. In vivo study, 50 pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 for each): non-GDM group, GDM induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg i.p.), metformin (MET) 100 mg/kg, TLE 50, and 500 mg/kg groups. Administration was performed on gestation day 7 until term (day 21). The effects of TLE on blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and maternal performances were assessed. In in vitro study, the effect of TLE was examined using the organ bath for uterine force measurement.
RESULTS
In in vivo study, TLE significantly reduced blood glucose as compared to GDM (P<0.05) with gradually increased insulin level. This effect was consistent with islets of Langerhans restoration. Histologically, the uterine muscular layer displayed a marked increase in fiber area in response to both doses as compared to GDM (P<0.05). Additionally, TLE significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine transaminase levels (P<0.05). Intriguingly, TLE also led to a notable augmentation in gravid uterus size, live fetuses count, and implantation numbers, while significantly reducing the post-implantation loss rate associated with fetal classification (P<0.05). Thus, GDM improvements were close to those produced by MET. In in vitro study, TLE exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractility (half-maximal inhibition concentration=1.2 mg/L). This inhibitory effect extended to potassium chloride depolarization and oxytocin-mediated contractions. When combined with its major constituent, rosmarinic acid, TLE produced an enhanced inhibitory effect (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
TLE ameliorated blood glucose levels, enhanced uterine muscular structure, and improved maternal and fetal performance in GDM. TLE also displayed tocolytic properties. These findings underscore the need for further exploration of TLE as a potential tocolytic agent to mitigate GDM-associated complications.
PubMed: 38941042
DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3764-y -
Open Veterinary Journal May 2024Acute hemorrhage is fatal in equines with a complication of severe hypovolemic shock that causes a sudden death in such cases.
BACKGROUND
Acute hemorrhage is fatal in equines with a complication of severe hypovolemic shock that causes a sudden death in such cases.
AIM
This study was designed to report the influences of acute bleeding in conscious non-sedated donkeys () on the hematobiochemical variables, acid-base, blood gas elements, and markers of inflammation and bone metabolism.
METHODS
Eight healthy donkeys were used where a total of 900 ml of whole blood was collected. Five blood samples were collected from each animal: just before collection of blood (T0); (2) 30 (T1), 60 (T2), 120 (T3), and 240 minutes (T4) later. The blood panels including total white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, red blood cell counts (RBCs), HCT, hemoglobin (Hg), and RBCs indices were measured. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes were evaluated. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were also determined. Complete acid-base and blood gas panels were assessed. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD) were measured.
RESULTS
The RBCs, Hg, and HCT increased significantly at points T1, T2, and T3 compared to T0. The concentrations of total proteins and albumin decreased significantly at points T3 and T4. The blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased significantly at T4. Creatinine concentrations increased significantly at T2 and T3. The AST, GGT, and CK decreased significantly. On the other hand, glucose increased significantly at T3 and T4. The pH decreased significantly at points T1, T2, T3, and T4. The PCO increased significantly at T3 and T4. The BE, HCO, and TCO values decreased significantly at T2, T3, and T4. Contrary, the AG increased significantly at points T3 and T4. The potassium increased significantly at T1-T4 and chloride decreased significantly at T3 and T4. Lactate showed significant increases at T1-T4. The SAA, Hp, OC, b-ALP, and PYD did not differ significantly at T1-T4.
CONCLUSION
In conscious non-sedated donkeys, induced bleeding resulted in significant changes in the hematobiochemical elements, the acid-base status, and blood gas and electrolyte parameters. However, it did not change the markers of inflammation and bone metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Equidae; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Bone and Bones; Hemorrhage; Blood Gas Analysis; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Male; Female
PubMed: 38938441
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i5.8 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The production of citric acid, a vital agricultural commodity utilized across various industries such as food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, detergents, and...
The production of citric acid, a vital agricultural commodity utilized across various industries such as food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, detergents, and cosmetics, predominantly relies on microbial fermentation, with accounting for approximately 90% of global production. In this study, we aimed to optimize the key factors influencing citric acid production, with a focus on strains, fermentation techniques, and carbon sources, particularly sugarcane molasses. , sourced from the Botany department/Biotechnology laboratories at Govt. College of Science, Lahore, was employed for citric acid production. The process involved inoculum preparation through spore collection from 3 to 5 days of cultured PDA slants. The fermentation medium, comprising cane molasses with a 15% sugar concentration, was meticulously prepared and optimized for various factors, including magnesium sulfate, potassium ferrocyanide, time of addition of potassium ferrocyanide, ammonium oxalate, and calcium chloride. Our optimization results shed light on the significant impact of different factors on citric acid production. For instance, the addition of 0.4 g/L magnesium sulfate led to a maximum yield of 75%, while 2 g/L potassium ferrocyanide, added at 24 h, achieved a yield of 78%. Remarkably, ammonium oxalate, at a concentration of 10 g/L, resulted in a notable 77% yield. Conversely, the addition of calcium chloride exhibited negligible effects on citric acid production, with the control group yielding more at 78%. Our study underscores the potential for optimizing factors to enhance citric acid production by in submerged fermentation. These findings highlight the pivotal role of magnesium sulfate, potassium ferrocyanide, and ammonium oxalate in augmenting citric acid yields while emphasizing the minimal impact of calcium chloride. Ultimately, these insights contribute to advancing our understanding of microbial citric acid biosynthesis, providing valuable implications for industrial applications and future research endeavors.
PubMed: 38929739
DOI: 10.3390/life14060756 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2024: The relationship between histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)-induced hyponatremia and brain injury in adult cardiac surgery patients is unclear. This study...
: The relationship between histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)-induced hyponatremia and brain injury in adult cardiac surgery patients is unclear. This study analyzed postoperative neurological outcomes after intraoperative HTK cardioplegia infusion. : A prospective cohort study was conducted on 60 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Of these patients, 13 and 47 received HTK infusion and conventional hyperkalemic cardioplegia, respectively. The patients' baseline characteristics, intraoperative data, brain injury markers, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) data were collected. Electrolyte changes during cardiopulmonary bypass, the degree of hyponatremia, and any associated brain insults were evaluated. : The HTK group presented with acute hyponatremia during cardiopulmonary bypass, which was intraoperatively corrected through ultrafiltration and normal saline administration. Postoperative sodium levels were higher in the HTK group than in the conventional cardioplegia group. The change in neuron-specific enolase levels after cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly higher in the HTK group ( = 0.043). The changes showed no significant differences using case-control matching. qEEG analysis revealed a significant increase in relative delta power in the HTK group on postoperative day (POD) 7 ( = 0.018); however, no significant changes were noted on POD 60. The MMSE scores were not significantly different between the two groups on POD 7 and POD 60. : HTK-induced acute hyponatremia and rapid correction with normal saline during adult cardiac surgeries were associated with a potential short-term but not long-term neurological impact. Further studies are required to determine the necessity of correction for HTK-induced hyponatremia.
Topics: Humans; Male; Hyponatremia; Female; Mannitol; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Procaine; Aged; Heart Arrest, Induced; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardioplegic Solutions; Electroencephalography; Glucose; Adult; Cohort Studies; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 38929612
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060995 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jun 2024High salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension and its complications such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed...
INTRODUCTION
High salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension and its complications such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine level of sodium consumption and its relation with kidney function in the rural populations of Ferlo (centre of Senegal).
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study including 400 volunteers aged > 18 years. Clinical, biological and dietary data were collected during household visits. Daily sodium intake was measured in the 24 h-urine outpout and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min. Linear regression analysis was used to assess association between sodium intake and covariates.
RESULTS
Mean age was 46.42 ± 15.60 and sex-ratio was 1.05. Prevalence of hypertension, CKD and overweight were 21.5, 11.7 and 20.5%, respectively. The median daily salt intake was 11.7 g with interquartile range of 14.8 g. Only 11.25% of participants consumed less than 5 g/day. After multivariate analysis, high salt intake was associated with age > 60 years, overweight and CKD. However, gender and hypertension were not significantly associated with salt intake. Industrial broths (91.5%) and bread (85%) represented the main sources of dietary salt.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed high levels of daily salt intake contrasting with low potassium intakes in the majority of participants. Participants with CKD, overweight and age > 60 years presented higher salt consumption. Stategies to reduce salt consumption are urgently needed to reduce burden of CKD in rural Senegalese populations.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Senegal; Middle Aged; Adult; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Hypertension; Rural Population; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Overweight; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Aged; Kidney; Diet
PubMed: 38926879
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00542-2 -
Journal of Evidence-based Medicine Jun 2024Both excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intake of potassium are associated with blood pressure elevation and subsequent increase in the risk of cardiovascular...
AIM
Both excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intake of potassium are associated with blood pressure elevation and subsequent increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the largest number of deaths in China and worldwide. Low sodium salt, a mixture of mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, has shown its great potential as a promising population strategy for sodium intake reduction through multiple large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials among populations including patients with cardiovascular disease, individuals with and without hypertension, older and younger adults, and men and women in China and other countries. This Guidelines aims to provide expert recommendations for promotion and use of low sodium salt in China, based on the current available scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of low sodium salts in various population groups and different application scenarios. The suggestions to key stakeholders are also made.
METHODS
A working group, an expert review committee and an advisory committee were established to be responsible for formulating the guidelines' scope and key questions to be addressed, for searching, synthesizing, and evaluating research evidence, proposing and reviewing the recommendations. The consensus on the final recommendations was reached using the GRADE grid method.
RESULTS
The working group summarized current available evidence of salt substitution regarding its effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, availability, suitability, etc. The Guidelines provided six recommendations advising different populations how to use low sodium salt, four recommendations on the application of low sodium salts in different scenarios, and five suggestions for key stakeholders to promote salt substitution.
CONCLUSION
The first evidence-based guidelines on promotion and use of low sodium salts covers all key questions in relevance and would play a critical role in prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and worldwide.
Topics: Humans; China; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Hypertension; Health Promotion; Female; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38923391
DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12621