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BMC Women's Health Jun 2024In Ethiopia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was predominantly studied among university students who were in their early 20s; as a result, little is known about the...
BACKGROUND
In Ethiopia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was predominantly studied among university students who were in their early 20s; as a result, little is known about the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and identify factors associated with premenstrual syndrome among secondary school female students in the Dessie city administration, 2023.
METHODS
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of 630 participants. A structured self-administered data collection tool was used to gather the necessary information. To ensure data quality, the pretesting and training of the data collectors and supervisors were conducted. The collected data were entered into Epi-data software and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequency tables, graphs, means, and medians were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant factors. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) in the final multivariable logistic regression were reported as statistically significant factors associated with PMS. Model fitness was evaluated using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
RESULTS
In the present study, the prevalence of PMS was 22%, 95% CI = 19-26%.
FACTORS
Age ≥ 18 years (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86), duration of menstruation ≥ 7 days (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 10.37), presence of chronic illness (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.04, 4.16), coffee intake (AOR = 6.05; 95% CI: 2.05, 17.87), alcohol intake (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.86), use of pain medication (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI:1.10, 3.86), use of hormonal contraceptives (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI:1.58, 9.62), sleep disturbance (AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.29, 6.42) and physical exercise (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were significantly associated with PMS.
CONCLUSION
A significant number of students in this study were affected by premenstrual syndrome. Age, duration of menstruation, presence of chronic illness, coffee intake, use of pain medication, use of hormonal contraceptives, and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with PMS. Students should avoid excessive use of alcohol, coffee intake and use of pain medication without prescription.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Premenstrual Syndrome; Adolescent; Students; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Young Adult; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Schools; Adult
PubMed: 38915045
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03219-4 -
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative... Jun 2024Women suffer from various conditions related to menstrual cycle due to changing lifestyle, bad food habits, physical and mental stress. Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a...
Women suffer from various conditions related to menstrual cycle due to changing lifestyle, bad food habits, physical and mental stress. Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get one or two weeks before the start of their menstrual period. In the present study, 14 years old female patient having symptoms-lower abdominal pain, backache, breast tenderness, constipation, pimples, tiredness and unexplained anger typically in luteal phase from last 4 months, was diagnosed with mild to moderate symptoms of PMS. After proper analysis, she was suggested to consume light to digest dietary articles advised in classical texts for minimizing specific symptoms during menstruation.Thus Green gram Soup and Barley porridge was prescribed to her as lunch and dinner respectively for first three days of menstruation cycle for continuous 6 cycles. It is observed that consumption of these dietary products during the menstruation time period assisted to minimize the symptoms of PMS. This illustrates that there is a wide scope to explore the ayurvedic dietary regimen recommended during menstruation which can be used more rationally to suit menstrual disorders.
PubMed: 38914046
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100912 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2024Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widely seen reproductive and endocrinological disorder. PCOS can exert substantial effects on many aspects of an individual's... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Comparative Study
Comparison of premenstrual symptoms, psychological well-being, and nutritional status between Palestinian women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case-control study.
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widely seen reproductive and endocrinological disorder. PCOS can exert substantial effects on many aspects of an individual's life, including reproductive health and psychological well-being. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status, premenstrual syndrome, and mental health of women affected by PCOS in comparison to women without PCOS.
METHODOLOGY
A case-control observational study in Palestine included 100 PCOS patients and 200 healthy women. The collected data included socio-demographic information, medical history, premenstrual syndrome, mental health, nutritional status, and lifestyle. Anthropometric measurement and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) were used to evaluate the nutritional status. The General Health Questionnaire (12-GHQ) was used to evaluate the state of mental health. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) severity was evaluated using a validated Arabic premenstrual syndrome questionnaire.
RESULTS
The study's findings indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in the three dimensions of PMS among participants with PCOS, p < 0.05. Similarly, PCOS patients demonstrated elevated ratings across all aspects of mental health, p < 0.05. In terms of the other variables, it has been observed that PCOS patients have a notably greater prevalence of perceived sleep disturbances and decreased adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regression analysis revealed that PCOS is associated with mental health problems indicated by a higher GHQ score (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03; 1.16, p < 0.05), lower adherence to the MD diet (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76; 0.98, p < 0.05), and pre-menstrual syndrome, especially the physical symptoms (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.003; 1.12, p < 0.05) after adjusting for age, smoking, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI).
CONCLUSION
The study has linked polycystic ovary syndrome to negative mental health outcomes and an increased severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Additional investigation is required in order to establish a causal association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and lifestyle behaviors within the Palestinian population. Intervention and instructional studies are necessary to investigate the efficacy of management strategies in alleviating the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on both physical and mental well-being.
Topics: Humans; Female; Premenstrual Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Adult; Nutritional Status; Arabs; Mental Health; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Diet, Mediterranean; Severity of Illness Index; Psychological Well-Being
PubMed: 38907183
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03210-z -
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Jun 2024To confirm the efficacy and safety of Ganyushu Granule (GYSG) in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in patients with Gan (Liver) depression and qi stagnation syndrome...
Efficacy and Safety of Ganyushu Granule in Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome with Gan (Liver) Depression and Qi Stagnation Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center, Phase-II Clinical Trial.
OBJECTIVE
To confirm the efficacy and safety of Ganyushu Granule (GYSG) in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in patients with Gan (Liver) depression and qi stagnation syndrome (GDQSS) and determine its effective dosage.
METHODS
From June 2018 to March 2021, a total of 240 PMS women with GDQSS were included and randomly divided into 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio using central block randomization: high-dose GYSG group (n=78, GYSG 2 packs/time), low-dose GYSG group (n=82, GYSG and its simulant 1 pack/time), and placebo group (n=80, GYSG simulant 2 packs/time). Treatment with GYSG or placebo was given thrice daily and for up to 3 menstrual cycles. Primary outcomes were PMS diary (PMSD) score and premenstrual tension syndrome self-rating scale (PMTS). Secondary outcomes were Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome efficacy. PMSD, PMTS, and efficacy of CM were evaluated with menstrual cycles during the treatment period. Outcome indicators were analyzed after each menstrual cycle. All analyses were performed using an intention-to-treat method, and clinical safety was assessed.
RESULTS
Of the 216 patients included in the effectiveness analysis, 70, 75, and 71 patients were in the high-, low-dose GYSG, and placebo groups, respectively. From the 2nd treatment cycle, the change in PMSD scores in the high- and low-dose groups was lower than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). PMTS scores in the high-dose GYSG group after the 1st treatment cycle was lower than that in the placebo group (P<0.05), while after the 3rd treatment cycle, that in the low-dose group was lower than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). After the 2nd treatment cycle, the high-dose GYSG group had the best CM syndrome efficacy (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
GYSG was safe and well-tolerated at both doses for treating PMS patients with GDQSS. High-dose GYSG might be the optimal dose for a phase III trial. (Registration No. ChiCTR1800016595).
PubMed: 38907069
DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3755-z -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jun 2024Dysmenorrhoea affects up to 94% of adolescents who menstruate; approximately one third miss school and activities. Dysmenorrhoea can occur without identified pelvic...
BACKGROUND
Dysmenorrhoea affects up to 94% of adolescents who menstruate; approximately one third miss school and activities. Dysmenorrhoea can occur without identified pelvic pathology (primary dysmenorrhoea) or in association with other conditions (secondary dysmenorrhoea). In adolescence, the commonest cause of secondary dysmenorrhoea is endometriosis. The incidence of symptoms in adolescence suggesting possible endometriosis has not been previously documented in GP records.
AIM
To document incidence of adolescent endometriosis and symptoms associated with endometriosis in English GP records.
METHOD
Data from the QResearch primary care database were used for adolescent females aged 10- 19 years between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2021, reported using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
The population cohort included 2 843 347 female adolescents; 98 887 participants had coded dysmenorrhoea (3.48%) and 1994 (0.07%) had documented endometriosis. The cumulative incidence for the cohort who turned 10 years old in 2011 was 7.2% for dysmenorrhoea and 0.12% for endometriosis. The period prevalence of coded symptoms during adolescence potentially associated with dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis includes: heavy menstrual bleeding (3.73%), irregular menstrual bleeding (2.21%), pelvic pain (0.63%), dyspareunia (0.40%), premenstrual syndrome (PMS)/premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (0.22%), cystitis (8.45%), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (1.00%). Disparities in coding were observed for these variables by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Incidence of prescribed hormonal medication, with and without coded dysmenorrhoea, varied by ethnicity. This was less apparent for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of coded dysmenorrhoea in GP records is significantly lower than community surveys suggest; however, adolescent menstrual symptoms are commonly encountered in primary care, and deserve specific guidance and resources. There are demographic patterns, likely structural, that warrant further exploration.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Adolescent; Dysmenorrhea; Incidence; Social Class; Ethnicity; Young Adult; Child; United Kingdom
PubMed: 38902068
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp24X737685 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2024Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a depressive disorder affecting 5%-8% of people with menstrual cycles. Despite evidence that facial emotion detection is altered in...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a depressive disorder affecting 5%-8% of people with menstrual cycles. Despite evidence that facial emotion detection is altered in depressive disorders, with enhanced detection of negative emotions (negativity bias), minimal research exists on premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms and the premenstrual phase on accuracy and intensity at detection of facial emotions.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional quasi-experimental design.
METHOD
The Facial Emotion Detection Task was administered to 72 individuals assigned female at birth with no premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( = 30), and provisional PMDD ( = 42), based on a retrospective -based measure of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Facial emotion detection was examined both irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, and as a function of premenstrual phase (yes, no). The task used neutral-to-emotional facial expression morphs (15 images/morph). Participants indicated the emotion detected for each image within the progressive intensity morph. For all six basic emotions (sad, angry, fearful, happy, disgust, and surprise), two scores were calculated: accuracy of responses and the intensity within the morph at which the correct emotion was first detected (image number).
RESULTS
Individuals reporting moderate/severe symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder had more accurate and earlier detection of disgust, regardless of cycle phase. In addition, those with provisional premenstrual dysphoric disorder detected sad emotions earlier. A premenstrual dysphoric disorder group × cycle phase interaction also emerged: individuals reporting premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms were more accurate at detecting facial emotions during the premenstrual phase compared to the rest of the cycle, with a large effect size for sad emotions.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest enhanced facial emotion processing in individuals reporting symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, particularly for sadness and disgust. However, replication is required with larger samples and prospective designs. This premenstrual dysphoric disorder premenstrual emotion detection advantage suggests an adaptive cognitive mechanism in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and challenges stigma surrounding premenstrual experiences.
Topics: Humans; Female; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emotions; Adult; Facial Expression; Menstrual Cycle; Young Adult; Premenstrual Syndrome
PubMed: 38877749
DOI: 10.1177/17455057241259176 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Jun 2024Up to 80% of women of reproductive age are thought to experience premenstrual stress, which is characterised by physical, psychological, and behavioural changes. Yoga... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Up to 80% of women of reproductive age are thought to experience premenstrual stress, which is characterised by physical, psychological, and behavioural changes. Yoga activity lowers harmful inflammatory secretions that provide comfort for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) sufferers.
DATA SOURCES
The following worldwide databases were searched for this systematic review: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Google Scholar from inception to August 2022.
STUDY SELECTION
A PICOS framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) was used for searching. Population included those with premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual tension syndromes, intervention included yoga therapy, comparator was with control group, and outcome measures included blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR).
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
To evaluate the study, we employed the Methodological Index for Randomised Controlled Trials. Fixed effects meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis were conducted. A total of 14 studies out of 224 were included. The main outcome measures included in this review were SBP, DBP, HR, and Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ). For the meta-analysis, 7 studies were considered. 3 studies contributed data of SBP (mean difference (MD) = -0.30; 95% CI: -2.29 to 1.69; heterogenicity (I) = 96%; P = 0.00001) and DBP (MD = -0.25; 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.49; I = 79%; P = 0.009). HR results from 4 studies were included (MD = 0.08; 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.99; I = 89%; P = 0.00001). 3 studies contributed data of MMDQ (MD = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.91 to 2.10; I = 92%; P = 0.00001.
CONCLUSION
Yoga can help people with both medical and psychological conditions including menstrual pain, irregular periods, stress, tension, and anxiety. It has been shown to lessen women's emotional, behavioural, and physical PMS symptoms, which has enhanced their quality of life.
OBJECTIF
Jusqu'à 80 % des femmes en âge de procréer connaîtraient un syndrome prémenstruel (SPM), qui se caractérise par des changements physiques, psychologiques et comportementaux. Les activités de yoga réduisent les sécrétions inflammatoires nocives et soulagent les symptômes du syndrome prémenstruel. SOURCE DES DONNéES: Pour cette revue systématique, des recherches ont été effectuées dans les bases de données mondiales Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro et Google Scholar pour la période allant de leur création au mois d'août 2022. SéLECTION DES éTUDES: Une méthode PICOS (population, intervention, comparaison, résultat et conception de l'étude) a été utilisée pour la recherche. La population à l'étude incluait les personnes souffrant du syndrome prémenstruel ou d'une tension prémenstruelle, l'intervention incluait la thérapie par le yoga, le comparateur était le groupe témoin, et les critères de jugement comprenaient la pression artérielle (systolique et diastolique) et la fréquence cardiaque. EXTRACTION DES DONNéES ET SYNTHèSE: Pour évaluer l'étude, nous avons utilisé l'indice méthodologique pour les essais cliniques randomisés. Une méta-analyse à effet fixe et une synthèse qualitative ont été réalisées. Au total, 14 des 224 études relevées ont été retenues. Les critères de jugement principaux de cette revue étaient les pressions artérielles systolique et diastolique, la fréquence cardiaque et le questionnaire de détresse menstruelle de Moos. Dans la méta-analyse, 7 études ont été prises en compte. Au total, 3 études avaient des données sur la pression systolique (différence moyenne [DM] = -0,30; IC à 95 % : -2,29 à 1,69; hétérogénéité [I] = 96 %; P = 0,00001) et la pression diastolique (DM = -0,25; IC à 95 % : -0,99 à 0,49; I = 79 %; P = 0,009). Les données de fréquence cardiaque de 4 études ont été incluses (DM = 0,08; IC à 95 % : -0,83 à 0,99; I = 89 %; P = 0,00001). Des données du questionnaire de Moos étaient disponibles pour 3 études (DM = 1,50; IC à 95 % : 0,91 à 2,10; I = 92 %; P = 0,00001).
CONCLUSION
Le yoga peut aider les personnes souffrant de troubles médicaux ou psychologiques, notamment les douleurs menstruelles, les menstruations irrégulières, le stress, les tensions et l'anxiété. Les données montrent que le yoga atténue les symptômes émotionnels, comportementaux et physiques du syndrome prémenstruel chez les femmes, ce qui améliore leur qualité de vie.
PubMed: 38871120
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102579 -
Journal of the Turkish German... Jun 2024Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women during their menstrual cycle. PMS can negatively affect a woman's daily life and function. Nurses, as an...
OBJECTIVE
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women during their menstrual cycle. PMS can negatively affect a woman's daily life and function. Nurses, as an important and substantial segment of healthcare staff, are affected by the demanding environment of work place. Since PMS, as a prevalent counterproductive condition, has not been studied in this population in Iran, we assessed the prevalence of PMS and its associated factors among nurses aged 23 to 49 in teaching hospitals of the Tehran province of Iran.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study from April 2021 to January 2022, 280 participants from teaching hospitals were enrolled. Simple random sampling was used to determine the sample size of the study. Two validated questionnaires and a data gathering sheet were used to collect information. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool was used to determine PMS severity and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire to evaluate the associated job demands. Demographic data and work-related data included: night shift, shift type, monthly COVID-19 care and gynecologic and past medical history were gathered. Then data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, chi-square and t-test.
RESULTS
The severity of PMS was: mild (42.5%); moderate (30%); and severe (27.5%). Regular menstruation and dysmenorrhea were reported by 84.6% and 72.3%, respectively. Moderate to severe PMS was associated with: monthly COVID shift (p=0.02); emotional (p<0.01) and quantitative (p<0.01) demands; regular caffeine intake (p=0.01); education level (p=0.005); regular exercise (p=0.003); regular fiber intake (p=0.08); and irregular menstrual cycles (p=0.007). In logistic regression only quantitative (p=0.003) and emotional (p=0.018) job demands were significant.
CONCLUSION
Results showed that the prevalence of PMS was high among Iranian nurses and was associated with quantitative and emotional job demands. We suggest further studies focusing on preventative and effective interventions to diminish the consequences of PMS in this population. We also suggest investigating the practical application of the findings of this study for healthcare professionals and policymakers.
PubMed: 38867710
DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2024.2023-3-1 -
BMC Women's Health Jun 2024Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a severe problem in women, and a well-balanced diet helps improve PMS symptoms. Eating disturbances are a major health problem in young...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a severe problem in women, and a well-balanced diet helps improve PMS symptoms. Eating disturbances are a major health problem in young women. Limited research has explored the correlation between eating behaviors and PMS symptoms in Japan. This study aimed to compare eating disturbances and the severity of PMS symptoms in college students.
METHODS
This study was conducted among female college students using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included basic information (age, height, and weight), PMS symptoms, and eating behaviors assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test 26.
RESULTS
The proportion of those with PMS symptoms who were disturbed by PMS symptoms was significantly higher in the group with eating disturbance. Those who were affected by the physical symptoms of PMS had significantly higher scores on the subscales related to diet, bulimia and food preoccupation.
CONCLUSION
The results showed an association between PMS symptom severity and eating disturbance. The findings of this study indicate that individuals with eating disturbances may experience adverse effects on PMS symptoms, even in cases where weight is not at the extremes of excessive underweight or obesity.
Topics: Humans; Female; Premenstrual Syndrome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Students; Young Adult; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Japan; Universities; Feeding Behavior; Adult; Adolescent; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 38849887
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03158-0 -
Chonnam Medical Journal May 2024Oxidative stress maybe involved in the patho-etiology of menstrual-associated complications. Curcuminoids, are polyphenolic natural compounds that have potentially...
Curcuminoid-Piperine Combination Improves Radical Scavenging Activity in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Study.
Oxidative stress maybe involved in the patho-etiology of menstrual-associated complications. Curcuminoids, are polyphenolic natural compounds that have potentially important functional activities. This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the effects of a curcuminoids on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in girls with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Eighty young girls with both PMS and dysmenorrhea were randomly given either curcuminoids (500 mg+5 mg piperine) or a placebo daily, for a period from 7 days pre- until 3 days post- initiation of menstrual bleeding for 3 successive menstrual cycles. The total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of serum and urine were quantified via ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. There were no significant differences between the placebo and curcumin groups, with respect to the age, dietary intake and biochemical/anthropometric indices (p>0.05). The curcumin treatment significantly increased the free-radical scavenging activity of serum compared to the treatment with placebo (p=0.031). Although, no significant changes were found in serum and urinary levels of FRAP, DPPH and MDA between the groups (p>0.05). Curcumin treatment did increase free-radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential in girls with PMS and dysmenorrhea. Investigations with higher doses and duration of curcumin are required to verify our findings.
PubMed: 38841613
DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.2.113