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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Jun 2024
PubMed: 38945150
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00415-8 -
Nurse Education Today Jun 2024The rapid and accurate assessment of neonatal asphyxia is critical to preventing potentially fatal outcomes. Therefore, nursing students must acquire the skills to...
BACKGROUND
The rapid and accurate assessment of neonatal asphyxia is critical to preventing potentially fatal outcomes. Therefore, nursing students must acquire the skills to assess newborn conditions immediately after birth and implement appropriate interventions. Virtual reality (VR) simulation education has emerged as a promising tool for nursing education, offering repetitive and customizable clinical training while ensuring patient safety and overcoming spatiotemporal limitations.
AIM
This study investigated the effects of a contactless hand-tracking-based immersive VR neonatal Apgar scoring program, adapted from experiential learning theory.
DESIGN
A non-randomized controlled trial with a pre-post-test, quasi-experimental design was conducted.
SETTINGS
The study was conducted at two nursing schools from July to October 2023.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants comprised nursing students holding bachelor's degrees in nursing, with three or four years of experience and successful completion of a neonatal nursing theory course. Additionally, individuals with at least six months of experience working in a neonatal ward or delivery room before enrolling in nursing school were eligible.
METHODS
The participants were divided into three groups: the VR group (n = 27) received contactless hand-tracking-based immersive VR neonatal Apgar scoring training; the simulation group (n = 28) received face-to-face Apgar scoring simulation training; and the control group (n = 26) received instruction on the Apgar scoring criteria. Changes in scores among the VR, simulation, and control groups were statistically compared using ANOVA with SPSS-WIN 27.0.
RESULTS
The VR group exhibited significant improvements in knowledge, learning satisfaction, self-confidence, immersion, and motivation compared to the simulation and control groups. Moreover, satisfaction was significantly higher in the VR group than in the simulation group.
CONCLUSIONS
The hand-tracking-based immersive VR neonatal Apgar scoring program represents an innovative and effective educational tool, prioritizing the privacy and rights of mothers and infants. It can potentially replace traditional delivery-room clinical training, which is observation-based and limited.
PubMed: 38944937
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106294 -
Ethics & Human Research 2024The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is increasingly common in routine clinical practice. As tools to quantify symptoms and health status, PROMs play an...
The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is increasingly common in routine clinical practice. As tools to quantify symptoms and health status, PROMs play an important role in focusing health care on outcomes that matter to patients. The uses of PROM data are myriad, ranging from clinical care to survey-based research and quality improvement. Discerning the boundaries between these use cases can be challenging for institutional review boards (IRBs). In this article, we provide a framework for classifying the three primary PROM use cases (clinical care, human subjects research, and quality improvement) and discuss the level of IRB oversight (if any) necessary for each. One of the most important considerations for IRB staff is whether PROMs are being used primarily for clinical care and thus do not constitute human subjects research. We discuss characteristics of PROMs implemented primarily for clinical care, focusing on: data platform; survey location; questionnaire length; patient interface; and clinician interface. We also discuss IRB oversight of projects involving the secondary use of PROM data that were collected during the course of clinical care, which span human subjects research and quality improvement. This framework provides practical guidance for IRB staff as well as clinicians who use PROMs as communication aids in routine clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Ethics Committees, Research; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Quality Improvement; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38944884
DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500216 -
Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) Jun 2024Shift work has become popular along with adverse effects such as disrupted biological rhythms, metabolic changes, sleep disorders and myocardial infarction. Studies have...
BACKGROUND
Shift work has become popular along with adverse effects such as disrupted biological rhythms, metabolic changes, sleep disorders and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown a link between myocardial infarction and shift work, but evidence is still lacking.
AIMS
We aim to explore the association between present and past shift work and risk of myocardial infarction in a large population of European workers.
METHODS
We analysed data from the UK Biobank with >500 000 participants and an average 12-year follow-up duration. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyse the relationship between present shift work (n = 265 064), lifetime duration or frequency of shift work (n = 71 428) and the risk of myocardial infarction, as well as the association between rest day during shift work and myocardial infarction incidents in night shift workers (n = 14 588).
RESULTS
Night shift workers had a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to day workers, including 'shift but never/rarely night shifts' (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.20), 'some night shifts' (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27) and 'usual/permanent night shifts' (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.37), respectively. Similarly, higher frequency and longer duration of night shift work were associated with the increased risk of myocardial infarction (<10 years: HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42; ≥10 years: HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.77; or an average of more than eight nights per month: HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.71). However, longer rest days couldn't decrease myocardial infarction risk compared to those who rest 1 day.
CONCLUSIONS
Present and lifetime exposure to night shifts were associated with a risk of myocardial infarction and did not benefit from longer rest days.
PubMed: 38944843
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae045 -
Cytotherapy Jun 2024As the field of cell and gene therapy (CGT) continues to grow, so too must the infrastructure and regulatory guidance supporting the manufacture of these potentially...
As the field of cell and gene therapy (CGT) continues to grow, so too must the infrastructure and regulatory guidance supporting the manufacture of these potentially life-saving products-especially early-phase products manufactured at an increasing number of academic or hospital-based facilities providing decentralized (or point of care) manufacturing. An important component of current good manufacturing practices, including those regulating cell and gene therapies, is the establishment of an effective environmental monitoring (EM) program. While several guidelines for establishing an EM program are available, these guidelines do not specifically address the unique aspects of manufacturing CGT products and they do not provide real-world evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the program. Here, we describe the establishment and evolution of an EM program in a cell therapy manufacturing facility at an academic hospital. With 10 years of EM data, we analyze the effectiveness for identifying trends in environmental conditions and highlight important findings, with the aim of providing practical evidence and guidance for the development of future early-phase EM programs.
PubMed: 38944797
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.06.008 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024Metabolic Syndrome (METS) plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery diseases and stroke. Due to the scarcity of data in this issue,...
Metabolic Syndrome (METS) plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery diseases and stroke. Due to the scarcity of data in this issue, this study aims to assess the frequency and risk factors association of METS among the hypertensive patients. This cross-sectional study recruited 667 eligible hypertensive patients aged between 20 and 70 years using non-probability purposive sampling method conducted from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Hypertensive patients with the known history of diabetes, thyroid, renal, cardiac, or hepatic disease, Cushing syndrome or malignancy and secondary causes of obesity, confirmed pregnancy, bed ridden, taking lipid lowering drugs or drugs that affect lipid and glucose metabolism were excluded from the study. METS among the hypertensive patients (DE novo or established hypertensive patients) of this study was demonstrated by NCEP-ATPIII (National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria having two or more of the following points [a) increased waist circumference ≥102cm in men and ≥88cm in women, b) hypertriglyceridemia: ≥150mg/dl, c) reduced High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40mg/dL (1.04mmol/L) in men and <50mg/dL (1.29mmol/L) in women, d) high fasting blood glucose: 110mg/dl]. Significantly high frequency (69.9%, p<0.001) of METS was found with a significant female preponderance (52.5%, p<0.001) where the mean age of the study population was 48±11 years. Sex (p<0.001), education (p=0.041), occupation (p<0.001), Body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001) and hypertensive status (p=0.002) showed a highly significant role in the development of METS. Following binary logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders, the female sex was 17 times higher than the male [Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =16.96, 95% CI=4.91-58.66, p<0.001)], obesity 4 times higher than non-obese [BMI (obese AOR=4.24, 95% CI=2.55-7.98, p<0.001)], hypertensive status [established hypertension two times higher than de novo (de-novo AOR=0.60, 95% CI=0.037-0.97, p=0.037)] were significant and independent predictors of METS. Significantly high BMI (27.7±4.2 and p<0.001), high waist circumference (60.4%, p<0.001) and hyper tri-glyceridaemia and reduced HDL (46.0%, p<0.001 and 51.3%, p<0.001) were found in the subjects with METS. In conclusion, high frequency of METS among the hypertensive patients was found in Jashore, Bangladesh with significant risk factors related to female sex, education, occupation, BMI and hypertensive status. So, a holistic evaluation of metabolic components among the hypertensive patients may reduce premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Metabolic Syndrome; Hypertension; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Bangladesh; Risk Factors; Aged; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 38944728
DOI: No ID Found -
Plant Disease Jun 2024Brown root rot disease (BRRD) is a highly destructive tree disease. Early diagnosis of BRRD has been challenging because the first symptoms and signs are often observed...
Brown root rot disease (BRRD) is a highly destructive tree disease. Early diagnosis of BRRD has been challenging because the first symptoms and signs are often observed after extensive tissue colonization. Existing molecular detection methods, all based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, were developed without testing against global isolates, other wood decay fungi, or host plant tissues. This study developed SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for . The primer pair Pn_ITS_F/Pn_ITS_R targets the ITS, and the primer pair Pn_NLR_F/Pn_NLR_R targets a -unique group of homologous genes identified through a comparative genomics analysis. The homologous genes belong to the nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain-like receptor (NLR) superfamily. The new primer pairs and a previous primer pair G1F/G1R were optimized for qPCR conditions and tested for specificity using 61 global isolates, five other species, and 22 non- wood decay fungal species. While all three primer pairs could detect as little as 100 fg (about 2.99 copies) of genomic DNA, G1F/G1R had the highest specificity and Pn_NLR_F/Pn_NLR_R had the highest efficiency. To avoid false positives, the cutoff Cq values were determined as 34 for G1F/G1R, 29 for Pn_ITS_F/Pn_ITS_R, and 32 for Pn_NLR_F/Pn_NLR_R. We further validated these qPCR assays using seedlings artificially inoculated with , six tree species naturally infected by , rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil. The newly developed qPCR assays provide sensitive detection and quantification of , which is useful for long-term monitoring of BRRD status.
PubMed: 38944685
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-24-0238-RE -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Aug 2024Hypertension leads to multiple comorbidities and increased risk for mortality. Endocrine disorders contribute to the development of hypertension, including primary... (Review)
Review
Hypertension leads to multiple comorbidities and increased risk for mortality. Endocrine disorders contribute to the development of hypertension, including primary aldosteronism (PA). This article discusses the evaluation and management of PA.
Topics: Hyperaldosteronism; Humans; Adrenalectomy; Hypertension
PubMed: 38944504
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.013 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis,... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injuries.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This work addresses the missing information by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological applications of the more reported species of the genus L.. The origin of the genus, its toxicology, and the use of classical therapies in modern medicine were also discussed. It provides references for historical evidence, resource development, and medical research on the genus.
METHOD
ology: Data about the genus L. were gathered via Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Connected Papers, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), electronic ancient books and local chronicles. The WFO Plant List (wfoplantlist.org) and Flora of China (www.iplant.cn) confirmed L.'s Latin name, and the species information. The program ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 was used to create the molecular structures of the compounds that were displayed in the text.
RESULT
Currently, at least 740 constituents have been isolated and identified from L.. These include 9 groups of chemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. They have been shown to have over 20 biological properties in vivo and in vitro, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects.
CONCLUSION
Based on pharmacological investigations, chemical components, and traditional folk applications, L. is considered a medicinal plant having a variety of pharmacological actions. However, although the pharmacological activity of the L. genus has been preliminary demonstrated, most have only been assessed using simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models. In order to fully elucidate the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of L., future studies should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner.
PubMed: 38944358
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118494 -
Developmental Biology Jun 2024During neural development, sculpting of early formed circuits by cell death and synaptic pruning is necessary to generate a functional and efficient nervous system. This...
During neural development, sculpting of early formed circuits by cell death and synaptic pruning is necessary to generate a functional and efficient nervous system. This allows for the establishment of rudimentary circuits which necessitate early organism survival to later undergo subsequent refinement. These changes facilitate additional specificity to stimuli which can lead to increased behavioral complexity. In multiple species, Rohon-Beard neurons (RBs) are the earliest mechanosensory neurons specified and are critical in establishing a rudimentary motor response circuit. Sensory input from RBs gradually becomes redundant as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons develop and integrate into motor circuits. Previous studies demonstrate that RBs undergo a dramatic wave of cell death concurrent with development of the DRG. However, contrary to these studies, we show that neurogenin1 (ngn1) RBs do not undergo a widespread wave of programmed cell death during early zebrafish development and instead persist until at least 15 days post fertilization. Starting at 2 dpf, we also observed a dramatic medialization and shrinkage of ngn1 RB somas along with a gradual downregulation of ngn1 in RBs. This alters a fundamental premise of early zebrafish neural development and opens new avenues to explore mechanisms of RB function, persistence, and circuit refinement.
PubMed: 38944329
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.020