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Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises May 2024The research aimed to investigate the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in two binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol+propylene glycol) and (ethylene...
The research aimed to investigate the solubility and thermodynamics of salicylic acid in two binary solvent mixtures of (1-propanol+propylene glycol) and (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether+1-propanol). The study was conducted in the temperature range of 293.2 to 313.2K. To analyze the experimental solubility data, several linear and nonlinear cosolvency models, such as the van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, mixture response surface, and modified Wilson models were employed. The models' effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the mean relative deviations of the back-calculated solubility data to the experimental values. In addition, the apparent thermodynamic parameters, including Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were calculated using the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. Furthermore, the study measured the density values for salicylic acid-saturated mixtures and represented them mathematically through the Jouyban-Acree model.
PubMed: 38797502
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.05.004 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024JUK-8 ([Zn(oba)(pip)], oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate), pip = 4-pyridyl-functionalized benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide) is a hydrolytically stable flexible...
JUK-8 ([Zn(oba)(pip)], oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate), pip = 4-pyridyl-functionalized benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide) is a hydrolytically stable flexible metal-organic framework. Owing to its unusual adsorptive properties, JUK-8 can be considered as a promising sensing material for construction of detectors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. Quasi-equilibrated temperature-programmed desorption and adsorption (QE-TPDA) is a versatile method dedicated to characterization of porous materials. In this work, QE-TPDA was employed to study co-adsorption of water and selected alcohols in JUK-8. For the first time an infrared detector sensitive to organic compounds was used in the QE-TPDA measurements, allowing the study of the influence of water vapor on sorption of VOCs. The QE-TPDA profiles of the studied alcohols, exhibiting two desorption maxima and two adsorption minima, are consistent with the standard sorption isotherms, revealing a two-step adsorption-desorption mechanism. The profiles recorded in the presence of water are noticeably changed in different ways for different alcohols. While at low relative humidity (RH) (ca. 20%) the low temperature adsorption states of ethanol and 1-propanol were only slightly destabilized, for 2-propanol almost complete suppression of adsorption was observed. The results found for moderate RH levels (ca. 50%) indicated that the opening of the JUK-8 structure, responsible for its breathing behavior, was followed by the filling of the just generated pores with a water-alcohol mixture.
PubMed: 38792170
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102309 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Despite the advantages of surgical handrub in terms of the ease of application and effectiveness, chlorhexidine (CHG)-based hand scrubbing remains the preferred method...
Alcohol-Based Chlorhexidine and Potassium Sorbate Rub Strengthens the Effectiveness of Traditional Hand Scrubbing and Improves Long-Lasting Effectiveness-Evaluation of Hand Preparation Protocols According to EN 12791.
Despite the advantages of surgical handrub in terms of the ease of application and effectiveness, chlorhexidine (CHG)-based hand scrubbing remains the preferred method for surgical hand preparation. However, it does not systematically meet the non-inferiority requirement of the European norm (EN) 12791 with respect to n-propanol (the reference product) and does not provide the sustained efficacy expected for these long-lasting agents. Commercially available alcohol-based products have also failed to demonstrate sustained efficacy according to EN 12791. Multi-step protocols enhance the efficacy of hand scrubbing, yet their extended disinfection duration might diminish their allure for healthcare professionals. In this study, we show that hand scrubbing with CHG 4% followed by a 1 min rubbing with the novel formulation of ethanol (Et) 70%/CHG 3% plus 0.3% potassium sorbate food additive (PS) meets the non-inferiority requirement and demonstrates sustained efficacy when tested according to EN 12791. The immediate and 3 h effect of this protocol was significantly higher than that of n-propanol and the homologous disinfection protocol without PS (CHG 4% hand scrub plus Et 70%/CHG 3% rub), demonstrating that the inclusion of PS confers a notable residual effect. We speculate that this non-volatile ingredient acts synergistically with CHG. This promising combination represents an alternative method for the development of new disinfection strategies.
PubMed: 38786198
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050470 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2023Enuresis, defined as involuntary nocturnal urination without any underlying organic disorder in a child expected to control urination, poses a common problem. This study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Enuresis, defined as involuntary nocturnal urination without any underlying organic disorder in a child expected to control urination, poses a common problem. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Tolterodine and Oxybutynin in children presenting with primary desmopressin-resistant enuresis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized clinical trial was undertaken involving 68 participants aged between 5 and 16 years, all suffering from primary enuresis. These patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups for a three-month period: Group 1, treated with Oxybutynin and Desmopressin, and Group 2, treated with Tolterodine and Desmopressin. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, and subjective responses to treatment were gathered. The response was measured based on the frequency of wetting incidents per night and week and compared with pre-treatment data.
RESULTS
Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients in Group 1 and 38 patients in Group 2). The mean age of the patients was 88.97±27.09 months. In the first treatment group, 6 out of 30 patients (20%) experienced a complete treatment response, as did 5 out of 38 patients (13.2%) in the second treatment group. This difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Seven patients (23%) in the Oxybutynin group and 13 patients (34%) in the Tolterodine group reported a lack of response to treatment, a difference that also lacked statistical significance.
CONCLUSION
For patients resistant to Desmopressin, the addition of anticholinergic drugs elicited a significant response in over half of the patients. However, no benefit was observed in using either Oxybutynin or Tolterodine in the treatment of Desmopressin-resistant enuresis.
Topics: Humans; Tolterodine Tartrate; Child; Mandelic Acids; Male; Female; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Adolescent; Treatment Outcome; Child, Preschool; Nocturnal Enuresis; Muscarinic Antagonists; Antidiuretic Agents; Urological Agents; Enuresis; Drug Resistance
PubMed: 38784212
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i4.7 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Jun 2024Dielectric relaxation experiments have been performed on -propanol (NPOH) films during physical vapor deposition at temperatures above and below its glass transition, =...
Dielectric relaxation experiments have been performed on -propanol (NPOH) films during physical vapor deposition at temperatures above and below its glass transition, = 97 K. The results for NPOH are compared with those of analogous experiments on methyl--toluate (MMT) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), with all three deposited at the same reduced temperature, 0.82. While MMT and MTHF display clear signs of a highly mobile surface layer, no such feature is observed for NPOH. The existence of this observed mobile surface layer correlates perfectly with the material's ability to form kinetically stable glasses, as NPOH differs from MMT and MTHF by not displaying kinetic stability.
PubMed: 38781977
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01904 -
Forensic Science International Jul 2024The use of controlled precursors for reaction optimisation is not always practical. One approach to limiting the use of controlled substances is to instead use 'model...
The use of controlled precursors for reaction optimisation is not always practical. One approach to limiting the use of controlled substances is to instead use 'model compounds'. Herein, two model compounds resembling norephedrine and ephedrine were selected based on their (i) structural similarity (i.e., presence of key functional groups) and (ii) availability from multiple suppliers without restriction. Model compounds 2-amino-1-phenylethanol and 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethanol (halostachine), were compared to norephedrine and pseudoephedrine by firstly subjecting them to transformations known in the synthesis of amphetamines, and secondly, comparing the compounds using colourimetric spot tests, FTIR and NMR.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Amphetamines; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Ephedrine; Colorimetry; Phenylpropanolamine; Pseudoephedrine; Models, Chemical
PubMed: 38781837
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112062 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Jul 2024Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) method is a widely used experimental model to determine the intestinal permeability of drugs. These studies are performed in the...
Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) method is a widely used experimental model to determine the intestinal permeability of drugs. These studies are performed in the presence of a reference standard (metoprolol, MT) and a zero permeability marker (phenol red, PR). Therefore, it is important to develop a validated method for simultaneous determination of the investigated compound along with MT and PR. The aim of this study was to develop a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV-detection for the simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN), MT, and PR in the perfusion medium used in SPIP experiments. Separation of compounds were performed using an InertSustain C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) HPLC column at 35 °C. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 12.5 mM) in gradient elution, and was delivered at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The acetonitrile ratio of the mobile phase increased linearly from 10 to 35 % over 15 min. The injection volume was 20 µL, and ATN, MT and PR were detected at 224 nm. The retention times under optimum HPLC conditions were 5.028 min, 12.401 min, and 13.507 min for ATN, MT and PR, respectively. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated for selectivity, specificity, calibration curve and range, accuracy and precision, carry-over effect, stability, reinjection reproducibility, recovery and robustness. The method was linear for ATN (0.76-50 μg/mL), MT (1.14-50 μg/mL), and PR (0.47-20 μg/mL) with determination coefficients of 0.9999, 0.9994 and 0.9998, respectively. The results obtained for all validation parameters of the developed RP-HPLC method met the required limits of the ICH M10 Guideline.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Animals; Atenolol; Metoprolol; Rats; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Reproducibility of Results; Linear Models; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Male; Limit of Detection; Rats, Wistar; Perfusion
PubMed: 38781808
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124160 -
Journal of the American Society For... Jun 2024We investigated the applicability of proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) for quantitative analysis of mixtures comprising glycerin,...
We investigated the applicability of proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) for quantitative analysis of mixtures comprising glycerin, acetol, glycidol, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propylene glycol. While PTR-TOF-MS offers real-time simultaneous determination, the method selectivity is limited when analyzing compounds with identical elemental compositions or when labile compounds present in the mixture produce fragments that generate overlapping ions with other matrix components. In this study, we observed significant fragmentation of glycerin, acetol, glycidol, and propylene glycol during protonation via hydronium ions (HO). Nevertheless, specific ions generated by glycerin (/ 93.055) and propylene glycol (/ 77.060) enabled their selective detection. To thoroughly investigate the selectivity of the method, various mixtures containing both isotope-labeled and unlabeled compounds were utilized. The experimental findings demonstrated that when samples contained high levels of glycerin, it was not feasible to perform time-resolved analysis in HO mode for acetaldehyde, acetol, and glycidol. To overcome the observed selectivity limitations associated with the HO reagent ions, alternative ionization modes were investigated. The ammonium ion mode proved appropriate for analyzing propylene glycol (/ 94.086) and acetone (/ 76.076) mixtures. Concerning the nitric oxide mode, specific / were identified for acetaldehyde (/ 43.018), acetone (/ 88.039), glycidol (/ 73.028), and propylene glycol (/ 75.044). It was concluded that considering the presence of multiple product ions and the potential influence of other compounds, it is crucial to conduct a thorough selectivity assessment when employing PTR-TOF-MS as the sole method for analyzing compounds in complex matrices of unknown composition.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Volatile Organic Compounds; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Nicotiana; Propylene Glycol; Acetaldehyde; Acetone; Glycerol; Hot Temperature; Epoxy Compounds; Propanols
PubMed: 38780179
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00062 -
Journal of Cytology 2024Rapidity and reliability are the major advantages of cytopathology in tumor diagnosis. The need for minimal turnaround time for assessing cytological smears has...
BACKGROUND
Rapidity and reliability are the major advantages of cytopathology in tumor diagnosis. The need for minimal turnaround time for assessing cytological smears has encouraged innovations in staining techniques that require lesser staining time with unequivocal cell morphology. Rapid Pap staining was introduced as a hybrid to conventional Pap stain. It improves staining quality, gets over the staining time in restriction, and is a more efficient technique financially. In the present study, a modified staining technique was adopted where phloxine is added as one of the cytoplasmic stain components in rapid Pap stain kits.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess whether the modification of the existing procedure by adding phloxine as one of the components of the cytoplasmic stain intensifies the cytoplasmic differentiation and cytoplasmic staining in gynecological smears.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective study done on 50 cases of gynecological smears. Two smears were collected from each patient and fixed in 100% propanol and stained with the rapid Pap stain kit procedure and modified rapid Pap stain with phloxine. Slides were then analyzed by two pathologists blinded to the staining method used. Five parameters were considered and scored (background, cell morphology, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic differentiation, and cytoplasmic staining). The quality index for each method was calculated by finding out the ratio of the actual score obtained to the maximum score possible.
RESULTS
Both the staining methods had comparable results. For both pathologists, the quality index calculated for modified Pap stain was found to be marginally higher than the quality index for rapid Pap. The mean quality index was comparable for modified Pap (0.91) and rapid Pap (0.89).
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of modified Pap stain with phloxine to distinctly stain the cytoplasm is comparable with that of rapid Pap stain. In addition, the intensity of staining can be enhanced with little cost outlay, and this can be especially beneficial in low-resource settings.
PubMed: 38779599
DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_24_23 -
F1000Research 2023In the current work, co-rotating twin-screw processor (TSP) was utilized to formulate solid crystal suspension (SCS) of carvedilol (CAR) for enhancing its solubility,...
Co-rotating twin screw process for continuous manufacturing of solid crystal suspension: A promising strategy to enhance the solubility, permeation and oral bioavailability of Carvedilol.
In the current work, co-rotating twin-screw processor (TSP) was utilized to formulate solid crystal suspension (SCS) of carvedilol (CAR) for enhancing its solubility, dissolution rate, permeation and bioavailability using mannitol as a hydrophilic carrier. molecular dynamics (MD) studies were done to simulate the interaction of CAR with mannitol at different kneading zone temperatures (KZT). Based on these studies, the optimal CAR: mannitol ratios and the kneading zone temperatures for CAR solubility enhancement were assessed. The CAR-SCS was optimized utilizing Design-of-Experiments (DoE) methodology using the Box-Behnken design. Saturation solubility studies and dissolution studies were performed for all the formulations. Physicochemical characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. permeation studies and pharmacokinetic studies for the CAR-SCS were performed. Stability studies were performed for the DoE-optimized CAR-SCS at accelerated stability conditions at 40 ºC/ 75% RH for three months. Experimentally, the formulation with CAR: mannitol ratio of 20:80, prepared using a KZT of 120 ºC at 100 rpm screw speed showed the highest solubility enhancement accounting for 50-fold compared to the plain CAR. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the crystalline state of DoE-optimized CAR-SCS. dissolution studies indicated a 6.03-fold and 3.40-fold enhancement in the dissolution rate of optimized CAR-SCS in pH 1.2 HCl solution and phosphate buffer pH 6.8, respectively, as compared to the pure CAR. The enhanced efficacy of the optimized CAR-SCS was indicated in the and pharmacokinetic studies wherein the apparent permeability was enhanced 1.84-fold and bioavailability enhanced 1.50-folds compared to the plain CAR. The stability studies showed good stability concerning the drug content. TSP technology could be utilized to enhance the solubility, bioavailability and permeation of poor soluble CAR by preparing the SCS.
Topics: Carvedilol; Solubility; Biological Availability; Animals; Administration, Oral; Carbazoles; Propanolamines; Permeability; Male; Mannitol; Suspensions; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Rats
PubMed: 38778814
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139228.1