-
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Oct 2024Simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN), losartan potassium (LOS), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in presence of HCZ impurity B was conducted by chemometric...
Resolution of overlapping spectra using chemometric manipulations of UV-spectrophotometric data for the determination of Atenolol, Losartan, and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN), losartan potassium (LOS), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in presence of HCZ impurity B was conducted by chemometric approaches and radial basis function network (RBFN) using UV-spectrophotometry without preliminary separation. Three chemometric models namely, classical least-squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least-squares (PLS) along with RBFN were utilized using the ternary mixtures of the three drugs. The multivariate calibrations were obtained by measuring the zero-order absorbance of the mixtures from 250 to 270 nm at the interval of 0.2 nm. The models were built covering the concentration range of (4.0 to 20.0), (3.8 to 20.2), and (0.9 to 50.1) μg mL for ATN, LOS, and HCZ, respectively. The regression coefficient was calculated between the actual and predicted concentrations of the 3 drugs using CLS, PCR, PLS and RBFN. The accuracy of the developed models was evaluated using the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) giving satisfactory results. The proposed methods were simple, accurate, precise and were applied efficiently for the quantitation of the three components in laboratory-prepared mixtures, and in dosage form showing good recovery values. In addition, the obtained results were compared statistically with each other using ANOVA test showing non-significant difference between them.
Topics: Hydrochlorothiazide; Atenolol; Losartan; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Least-Squares Analysis; Principal Component Analysis; Dosage Forms; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38776669
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124471 -
RSC Advances May 2024Gas monitoring devices are in demand for a rapidly growing range of applications. Metal oxide-based gas sensors have been extensively used for the detection of toxic...
Gas monitoring devices are in demand for a rapidly growing range of applications. Metal oxide-based gas sensors have been extensively used for the detection of toxic pollutant gases, combustible gases, and hydrocarbon vapors. The sensitivity for a low concentration and observed response and the recovery times of the reported gas sensors are not satisfactory, and it needs further detailed studies. In the present work, undoped SnO and cadmium sulfide (CdS)-doped SnO thick films were fabricated using the screen-printing method to study their sensing behavior towards tested organic vapors such as acetone, propanol, and ethanol. The sensing properties of fabricated sensors were investigated for the test gases, acetone, propanol, and ethanol, at an elevated temperature of 473 K. It was observed that the 2 wt% CdS-doped SnO sensor showed a maximum response (78%) and was highly selective (44.6%) to propanol over acetone and ethanol. The results showed that the diminution of the SnO crystallite size with the CdS content leads to an improvement in the response of the SnO sensor for the tested gases. The microstructural properties are also correlated to the sensing behavior. The measurement showed that the CdS-SnO thick film sensor is highly sensitive. At the same time, it is more selective to propanol than the other test gases, ethanol and acetone.
PubMed: 38774622
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01888e -
ChemSusChem May 2024The efficient acetate conversion from CO electroreduction is challenging due to the poor selectivity at high reaction rate, which requires the competition with H and...
The efficient acetate conversion from CO electroreduction is challenging due to the poor selectivity at high reaction rate, which requires the competition with H and other C (i. e., ethylene, ethanol, n-propanol) reduction products. Electrolyte engineering is one of the efficient strategies to regulate the reaction microenvironment. In this work, the adding of sulfite (SO ) with high nucleophilicity in KOH electrolytes was demonstrated to enable improving the CO-to-acetate conversion via generating a S-O chemical bond between SO and oxygenated *C intermediates (i. e., *CO-CO, *CO-COH) compared with that in pure KOH system on both synthesized Cu(200)- and normal commercial Cu(111)-facets-exposed metallic Cu catalysts. As a result, the prepared Cu(200)-facets-exposed metallic Cu catalyst with surface ions modification showed an superior Faradaic efficiency of 63.6 % at -0.6 A ⋅ cm, and extraordinary absolute value of peak partial current density as high as 1.52 A ⋅ cm with adding SO in KOH electrolytes, compared to the best reported values in both CO and CO electroreduction. Our work suggests an attractive strategy to introduce the oxyanion with high nucleophilicity in electrolytes to regulate the microenvironment for industrial-current-density electrosynthesis of acetate from CO electroreduction.
PubMed: 38769898
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400683 -
ACS Omega May 2024The solubility of eplerenone (EP) in 13 pure solvents (acetonitrile, ,-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl formate, methyl acetate,...
The solubility of eplerenone (EP) in 13 pure solvents (acetonitrile, ,-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethanol, and 1-propanol) was determined by the gravimetric method at atmospheric pressure and various temperatures (from 283.15 to 323.15 K). The results showed that the solubility of EP in the selected solvents was positively correlated with the thermodynamic temperature, and the order of solubility of EP at 298.15 K was acetonitrile > DMF > 2-butanone > methyl acetate > 4-methyl-2-pentanone > methyl propionate > ethyl acetate > propyl acetate > ethyl formate > acetone > butyl acetate > ethanol >1-propanol. The modified Apelblat model, van't Hoff model, λ model, and polynomial empirical model were used for fitting the solubility data, and then the λ model was found to have the highest fitting accuracy with a minimum ARD of 7.0 × 10 and a minimum RMSD of 6.1 × 10. The solvent effect between the solute and the solvent was analyzed using linear solvation energy relationship (LSER), and the enthalpy of solvation (Δ), entropy of solvation (Δ), and Gibbs free energy of solvation (Δ) of the dissolution process of EP were calculated by the van't Hoff model, which indicated that the dissolution process of EP in the selected solvents was endothermic, nonspontaneous, and entropy-increasing. In this work, the solubility, dissolution characteristics, and thermodynamic parameters of EP were studied, which will provide data support for the production, crystallization, and purification of EP and will provide important guidance for the crystallization optimization of EP in industry.
PubMed: 38764651
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01550 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... 2024COVID patients continue to experience unremitting symptoms that extend far beyond the initial illness. While there is rapid accumulation of data on acute COVID treatment...
BACKGROUND
COVID patients continue to experience unremitting symptoms that extend far beyond the initial illness. While there is rapid accumulation of data on acute COVID treatment in hospitalized patients, little is known regarding post-COVID management.
OBJECTIVES
To describe our center's experience treating post-COVID sub-syndromes encountered in Post-COVID Lung Clinic.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed data on 98 post-COVID patients evaluated in our clinic between 07/01/2020-12/31/2022. We encountered three distinct post-COVID subtypes: 1) respiratory complaints associated with increased O2 requirements and abnormal CT findings (post-COVID interstitial lung disease [ILD]), 2) respiratory complaints associated with tachycardia (post-COVID dyspnea-tachycardia syndrome [DTS]). Post-COVID ILD patients (n = 28) received steroids in combination with cell cycle inhibitor (mycophenolate mofetil-MMF). Post-COVID DTS patients (n = 16) were treated with metoprolol. 3) A third, undifferentiated group presented with mild respiratory complaints and normal spirometry (n = 17) and was followed in clinic without initiation of a specific treatment.
RESULTS
In treated post-COVID ILD patients, mean oxygen requirements at rest (1.96 ± 1.79 L/NC) decreased to 0.89 ± 1.29 L/NC at 6 months follow-up, p = 0.005. In patients with post-COVID DTS, mean heart rate at rest decreased (98 ± 15 bpm to 79 ± 11 bpm) at 6 months follow-up, p = 0.023. 60 % of patients reported an improvement in exertional dyspnea.
CONCLUSIONS
Our descriptive study presents a single center outpatient COVID-19 clinic experience. We encountered 3 post-COVID sub-syndromes and describe their treatments: post-COVID interstitial lung disease [ILD] treated with a novel regimen of MMF and steroids, post COVID dyspnea-tachycardia syndrome [DTS] treated with metoprolol, and a third subgroup with mild undifferentiated symptoms without specific treatment.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged; Dyspnea; SARS-CoV-2; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Ambulatory Care; Tachycardia; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Metoprolol
PubMed: 38759575
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.05.004 -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2024Gray horses are predisposed to equine malignant melanoma (EMM) with advancing age. Depending on the tumor's location and size, they can cause severe problems (e.g.,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Potent drug delivery enhancement of betulinic acid and NVX-207 into equine skin in vitro - a comparison between a novel oxygen flow-assisted transdermal application device and microemulsion gels.
BACKGROUND
Gray horses are predisposed to equine malignant melanoma (EMM) with advancing age. Depending on the tumor's location and size, they can cause severe problems (e.g., defaecation, urination, feeding). A feasible therapy for EMM has not yet been established and surgical excision can be difficult depending on the location of the melanoma. Thus, an effective and safe therapy is needed. Naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene and its synthetic derivate, NVX-207 (3-acetyl-betulinic acid-2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propanoate) are known for their cytotoxic properties against melanomas and other tumors and have already shown good safety and tolerability in vivo. In this study, BA and NVX-207 were tested for their permeation potential into equine skin in vitro in Franz-type diffusion cell (FDC) experiments after incubation of 5 min, 30 min and 24 h, aiming to use these formulations for prospective in vivo studies as a treatment for early melanoma stages. Potent permeation was defined as reaching or exceeding the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC) of BA or NVX-207 for equine melanoma cells in equine skin samples. The active ingredients were either dissolved in a microemulsion (ME) or in a microemulsion gel (MEG). All of the formulations were transdermally applied but the oil-in-water microemulsion was administered with a novel oxygen flow-assisted (OFA) applicator (DERMADROP TDA).
RESULTS
All tested formulations exceeded the IC values for equine melanoma cells for BA and NVX-207 in equine skin samples, independently of the incubation time NVX-207 applied with the OFA applicator showed a significant time-dependent accumulation and depot-effect in the skin after 30 min and 24 h (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
All tested substances showed promising results. Additionally, OFA administration showed a significant accumulation of NVX-207 after 30 min and 24 h of incubation. Further in vivo trials with OFA application are recommended.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Betulinic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Triterpenes; Administration, Cutaneous; Emulsions; Skin; Drug Delivery Systems; Gels; Melanoma; Oxygen; Skin Absorption; Horse Diseases; Propanolamines
PubMed: 38755639
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04064-1 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Antimicrobial resistance in fungal pathogens (both human and plant) is increasing alarmingly, leading to massive economic crises. The existing anti-fungal agents are...
Antimicrobial resistance in fungal pathogens (both human and plant) is increasing alarmingly, leading to massive economic crises. The existing anti-fungal agents are becoming ineffective, and the situation worsens on a logarithmic scale. Novel antifungals from unique natural sources are highly sought to cope sustainably with the situation. Metabolites from endophytic microbes are the best-fitted alternatives in this case. Endophytes are the untapped sources of 'plants' internal microbial population' and are promising sources of effective bio-therapeutic agents. Fungal endophytes were isolated from Tropaeolum majus and checked for antifungal activity against selected plant and human pathogens. Bioactive metabolites were identified through chromatographic techniques. The mode of action of those metabolites was evaluated through various spectroscopic techniques. The production of antifungal metabolite was optimized also. In particular VOCs (volatile organic compounds) of TML9 were tested in vitro for their anti-phytopathogenic activity. Ethyl acetate (EA) extract of cell-free culture components of Colletotrichum aenigma TML3 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against four species of Candida and the major constituents reported were 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 2-Nonanone, 1 propanol 2-amino. The volatile metabolites, trans-ocimene, geraniol, and 4-terpinyl acetate, produced from Curvularia lunata TML9, inhibited the growth of some selected phyto pathogens. EA extract hampered the biofilm formation, minimised the haemolytic effect, and blocked the transformation of Candida albicans (MTCC 4748) from yeast to hyphal form with a Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 200-600 µg mL. Central carbohydrate metabolism, ergosterol synthesis, and membrane permeability were adversely affected and caused the lethal leakage of necessary macromolecules of C. albicans. Volatile metabolites inhibited the growth of phytopathogens i.e., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora beticola, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Ceratocystis ulmi, Pythium ultimum up to 89% with an IC value of 21.3-69.6 µL 50 mL and caused leakage of soluble proteins and other intracellular molecules. Citrusy sweet odor volatiles of TML9 cultured in wheat-husk minimised the infections of Penicillium digitatum (green mold), in VOC-exposed sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis). Volatile and non-volatile antifungal metabolites of these two T. majus endophytes hold agricultural and pharmaceutical interests. Metabolites of TML3 have strong anti-Candida activity and require further assessment for therapeutic applications. Also, volatile metabolites of TML9 can be further studied as a source of antifungals. The present investigational outcomes bio-prospects the efficacy of fungal endophytes of Garden Nasturtium.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Antifungal Agents; Endophytes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Colletotrichum; Fungi; Alternaria; Rhizoctonia; Humans; Candida
PubMed: 38755187
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60948-0 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Developing the Co-based catalysts with high reactivity for the sulfate radical (SO·)-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) has been attracting numerous...
Developing the Co-based catalysts with high reactivity for the sulfate radical (SO·)-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) has been attracting numerous attentions. To improve the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process, a novel Co-based catalyst simultaneously modified by bamboo carbon (BC) and vanadium (V@CoO-BC) was fabricated through a simple solvothermal method. The atenolol (ATL) degradation experiments in V@CoO-BC/PMS system showed that the obtained V@CoO-BC exhibited much higher performance on PMS activation than pure CoO, and the V@CoO-BC/PMS system could fully degrade ATL within 5 min via the destruction of both radicals (SO· and O·) and non-radicals (O). The quenching experiments and electrochemical tests revealed that the enhancing mechanism of bamboo carbon and V modification involved four aspects: (i) promoting the PMS and Co ion adsorption on the surface of V@CoO-BC; (ii) enhancing the electron transfer efficiency between V@CoO-BC and PMS; (iii) activating PMS with V species; (iv) accelerating the circulation of Co and Co, leading to the enhanced yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the V@CoO-BC/PMS system also exhibited satisfactory stability under broad pH (3-9) and good efficiency in the presence of co-existing components (HCO, NO, Cl, and HA) in water. This study provides new insights to designing high-performance, environment-friendly bimetal catalysts and some basis for the remediation of antibiotic contaminants with SR-AOPs.
Topics: Atenolol; Catalysis; Carbon; Peroxides; Vanadium; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38753235
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33657-4 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B May 2024Surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) represents a class of fluid mixtures that can form microheterogeneous structures without detergents, offering an environmentally...
Kirkwood-Buff Analysis of Binary and Ternary Systems Consisting of Alcohols (Methanol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, and 2-Propanol), Water, and -Hexane to Understand the Formation of Surfactant-Free Microemulsions.
Surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) represents a class of fluid mixtures that can form microheterogeneous structures without detergents, offering an environmentally benign alternative to traditional microemulsions. However, the formation mechanism is still elusive. This work applies the Kirkwood-Buff theory to mixtures of alcohols, water, and -hexane to elucidate the SFME formation mechanism. To ensure robust calculation of the Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs), we construct a data set of densities and excess free energies of binary and ternary systems. Multiple excess Gibbs free energy models are assessed against this data set to select the most suitable model reproducing the experimental results. In addition, we introduce statistical methods to determine the optimal polynomial order of the Redlich-Kister correlation for the excess volume data. We first validate our methodology in binary systems. Then, we extend the calculation method to ternary mixtures. The KBI calculation results reveal that the alcohol-hexane and water-hexane interactions do not significantly affect SFME formation. In contrast, the interplay among water-water, water-alcohol, and alcohol-alcohol interactions critically influences the ability of a liquid mixture to form SFME structures. SFME systems exhibit the facile formation of water aggregates enveloped by alcohols, whereas non-SFME systems demonstrate homogeneous alcohol/water droplets dispersed in an oil continuous medium.
PubMed: 38743587
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01563 -
Vestnik Oftalmologii 2024The management protocol for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves multiple intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-VEGF drugs. The...
UNLABELLED
The management protocol for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves multiple intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-VEGF drugs. The ability to reduce the peak intraocular pressure (IOP) rise is greatly important in clinical practice.
PURPOSE
This study evaluates the effect of topical hypotensive drugs on the short-term IOP rise after IVI of anti-VEGF drugs in patients with nAMD.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The prospective study included 80 patients with newly diagnosed nAMD. Before the start of treatment, the patients were divided into 4 groups of 20 people each: 1st - controls, who received no prophylactic drugs, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups local instillations of one drop of hypotensive drugs brinzolamide 1%, brinzolamide-timolol, brimonidine-timolol were performed in the conjunctival sac twice: 1 day before the injection (at 20:00) and on the day of the injection 2 hours before the manipulation (at 08:00), respectively. IOP was measured in each patient using ICare Pro non-contact tonometer before injection, as well as 1 min, 30 and 60 min after injection.
RESULTS
Prophylactic use of hypotensive drugs was associated with a significant decrease in IOP immediately after IVI compared to the same parameter in the 1st group (<0.001), the maximum decrease in IOP values was observed when using a fixed combination of brimonidine-timolol by 12.1 mm Hg compared to the controls (<0.001), the combination of brinzolamide-timolol reduced IOP by 8.5 mm Hg (<0.001), brinzolamide 1% led to the smallest decrease in IOP - by 5.1 mm Hg (<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Study patients that received instillations of brimonidine-timolol combination of one drop into the conjunctival sac 1 day before the injection and on the day of the injection showed the maximum decrease in IOP compared to patients of the other groups.
Topics: Humans; Male; Intravitreal Injections; Female; Aged; Intraocular Pressure; Ocular Hypertension; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Sulfonamides; Treatment Outcome; Antihypertensive Agents; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Tonometry, Ocular; Middle Aged; Timolol; Brimonidine Tartrate; Ophthalmic Solutions; Thiazines; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 38739134
DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202414002273